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Life cycle assessment methods for BEV and PHEV batteries
Dvořák, Matouš ; Pokorný, Jan (referee) ; Fišer, Jan (advisor)
Electromobility is a current topic and a way to reduce the carbon footprint not only in personal transport. The operation of an electric car does not have a direct impact on emissions compared to an internal combustion engine car. However, the issue remains the production of the battery, which contains rare metals that are very energy and environmentally demanding to extract. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the energy consumption and emission footprint of the production of different types of batteries. The thesis includes a general introduction to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, followed by a chapter on battery design and the classification of batteries according to electrode chemistry. The analysis of LCA studies of batteries shows that the least energy intensive battery in terms of production is the battery with NMC cathode and in terms of emissions it is the battery with LMO cathode. However, the results are strongly influenced by the input data, which are often different in LCA studies, so it is not possible to draw a clear conclusion. Part of the thesis deals with the analysis of the environmental impacts of battery production using different energy mixes and different types of production technologies. The work can serve as a basis for a more detailed investigation of the production part of the battery and for minimizing the environmental impact of this process.
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Concepts of electric vehicles drivetrain
Bede, Filip ; Píštěk, Václav (referee) ; Kučera, Ondřej (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on a review, analysis and comparison of current electric vehicle drive concepts that form the basis for modern electric vehicles. For a better understanding of the composition and application of the concepts, the individual elements of the powertrain have also been discussed in detail in the thesis. The thesis starts with a brief overview of important milestones in the field of electric mobility. It then continues with a detailed discussion of the electric motors, batteries and gearboxes used. These are followed by drive concepts analysed in terms of their impact on the drivability and efficiency of electric vehicles. Examples of modern electric vehicles are then given to demonstrate the concepts in practice. Finally, current internal combustion engine drive concepts are also presented and compared with EV concepts, thus providing a comprehensive view of current trends in automotive technology.
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Gear trains in automotive electric drives
Vlaha, Ondřej ; Poulíček, Matěj (referee) ; Neuman, Ondřej (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the research in field of gearbox applications in electric vehicles. It describes the classification of electric vehicles depending on the type of their powertrain. It also discusses the distribution of electric motor designs and analyses the parameters that affects the efficiency of the drive train. A numerical model of Tesla Model 3 was created in Matlab Simulink to illustrate the effect on powertrain efficiency when using single or dual speed transmission under different driving cycles.
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Dispersion of particulate matter pollution from electric vehicles in urban areas using CFD
Lipka, Jakub ; Pospíšil, Jiří (referee) ; Linda, Jakub (advisor)
There is an opinion across the society, that electric vehicles (EV) are emission-free alternative to vehicles using internal combustion engines (ICEV). This is not true. Although electric vehicles do not produce emissions connected to internal combustion, they still produce non-combustion emissions that are emitted into surrounding air. Non-combustion emissions in question are brake wear particles (BWP), tire wear particles (TWP) and road wear particles (RWP). These emissions, due to EV’s greater mass, tend to be higher compared to ICEVs. Therefore, in this thesis, model of dispersion of non-combustion emissions generated by EVs was created using CFD consisting of two models – airflow model around EV and particle dispersion model. It was found that those emissions are captured and distributed by airflow, mainly thanks to vortices generated in the wake zone behind the vehicle. Those particles can be suspended up to 1,9 m into the air and up to 2,5 m laterally away from the vehicle. Thanks to that there is a risk of pedestrian inhaling air with high concentration of those particles in places near roads like pavements.
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Concept car design for 2030
Bartůněk, Jan ; Jelenčík, Branislav (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
The automotive industry is constantly evolving and facing new opportunities and challenges. In this thesis, a concept car for 2030 has been proposed that focuses on electromobility and autonomous driving mainly in terms of interior space. The proposal also addresses the trend of the constant increase in the size of cars. The concept is designed to be compact but also spacious thanks to the use of a special chassis for electric propulsion. The design has been conceived in a minimalist and sustainable way. This work represents a different approach to the future of passenger cars, and may help to further the development of electric cars.
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Air recirculation balance of the vehicle's cooling package
Macejka, Kamil ; Čavoj, Ondřej (referee) ; Vančura, Jan (advisor)
The focus of this thesis is to create an effective tool for quick analyses of hot air recirculation at the cooling package, wich is a significant factor that influences its effectivity, to evaluate this influence and to propose viable solutions for its mitigation. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the description of the problem, review of existing scientific studies and introducing the mechanisms responsible for the studied phenomenon. The practical part contains an analysis of flow and thermal effects, whose outputs are used for developing an computational model with a graphical user interface. This model is further used for comparison of effects of various input parameters and based on its results the measures targeted on reduction of recirculation are designed, which are then evaluated using CFD methods.
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Changes in the composition of the company's fleet in relation to the EU's "green deal" objectives
Tobiášová, Eliška ; Jandová, Kristýna (referee) ; Bača, Petr (advisor)
The purpose of this master thesis is to examine the so-called Green Deal and the related directives and regulations that are intended to help achieve the objectives set out in the Green Deal, as well as to analyse the fleets of the Member States of the European Union and the company with which cooperation has been established as part of this work. The thesis describes the Green Deal and its objectives. The European Union directives and plans with the aim of reducing CO2 that are currently approved or are yet to come into force are also mentioned, while at the same time they are compared with the directives and targets in force in the EU Member States, including the Czech Republic. In the following chapters, a brief description of the cars by type of fuel is given in order to follow a detailed analysis of the fleets of Germany, Sweden, Spain, Slovakia, France, Poland and the Czech Republic. This analysis is carried out using graphs and official statistics available from government institutions. Furthermore, an analysis of the company's fleet is made, summarising in tables the parameters of the vehicles available to the company. The results of the fleet analysis are also summarised in graphs based on the year of vehicle manufacture, emissions, and fuel type. In addition, an analysis of hybrids and electric vehicles currently in the company's fleet is also provided. This analysis works with data provided by the company and examines the cost of driving these vehicles, consumption, and battery usage ratio. Finally, a suggestion is made for the replacement of the current vehicles with the aim of saving emissions.
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Operation of electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and vehicles with an internal combustion engine
Herzog, Radim ; Píštěk, Václav (referee) ; Kučera, Ondřej (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the comparison of different propulsion concepts and their consumption, efficiency, and amount of emissions produced during operation. Although electric vehicles do not produce any local emissions, it is necessary to consider that emissions are generated during the production of electricity in power plants. The main part of the thesis introduces the functional principles of individual propulsion systems. Furthermore, it describes the formation of exhaust gas emissions in combustion engines and outlines their limits. Subsequently, the amount of emissions produced by a power plant for the operation of a specific example of an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle is calculated. Finally, a comparison of emissions production from representative examples of each propulsion system is illustrated.
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Design of a Light Delivery Vehicle
Skřivánek, Tomáš ; Siebert, Petr (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis solves the design of a light delivery vehicle. The work is focused on an innovative approach in the field of last-mile delivery. The resulting product solves the technical shortcomings of today's vehicles and its design reflects its purpose, overall concept and electric drive.
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The optimum supply of a wound-rotor synchronous machine with respect to maximum efficiency
Laštovička, Josef ; Cipín, Radoslav (referee) ; Bárta, Jan (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá literární rešerší elektromotorů, které je možné použít pro pohon elektrických vozidel, přičemž hlavní pozornost je věnována strojům s vinutým rotorem. Na začátek je proveden krátký popis konstrukce a principu činnosti každého vhodného typu elektrického stroje. Jsou zde shrnuty výhody a nevýhody použití stroje jako trakčního pohonu a případné použití v dnešním elektromobilu včetně základních specifikací. Dále je věnován detailnější pohled na stroj s vinutým rotorem a jeho použití pro pohon elektrických vozidel. Následná část práce se věnuje úpravám tohoto typu stroje pro použití v trakčních aplikacích. Je zde představen stroj, který je schopen provozu ve dvou módech, následně je diskutován bezkontaktní přenos proudu do rotorového vinutí a nakonec je představena možnost použití tvarovaného vinutí z vodičů obdélníkového průřezu. Předposlední část práce se zabývá matematickým popisem stroje včetně náhradních schémat v podélné a příčné ose a vysvětlením vektorového diagramu v motorickém režimu. V posledních dvou kapitolách práce je představen program v jazyce Python, který slouží k analýze provozních charakteristik stroje. V rámci práce na programu byla vytvořena metodika analýzy tohoto typu stroje na základě poskytnutého balíčku dat. Dále byly vyexportovány grafické závislosti momentu a účinnosti na různých kombinacích vstupních proudů. Součástí programu je také funkce pro hledání optimálního napájení stroje s ohledem na nejvyšší účinnost.
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