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Bank risk mitigating tools in international trade
Klarová, Diana ; Halík, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vyhnánek, Radim (referee)
This thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and analytical. In the theoretical part, there are defined groups of risks related to doing business internationally and selected bank risk mitigating tools used as a protection against the risks mentioned. Specifically, there are discussed the most used types of bank guarantees, documentary collection and letter of credit. The second part of this thesis, analytical part, comprises of five business cases presenting adequate application of a bank guarantee instrument. Complex business case follows where various risks are analyzed from many angles. Analysis outcome is a recommendation of optimal business solution using a combination of various Trade Finance products.
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Payment and hedging instruments in international trade and their comparison on Czech banking market
Kolářová, Tereza ; Němečková, Iveta (advisor) ; Hinčica, Vít (referee)
This thesis is devoted to analysis of payment and hedging instruments used in international trade. The main purpose of this thesis is comparison of charges associated with the use of Documentary Collection, Letter of Credit and Bank Guarantee in the five largest Czech banks. The first part briefly describes their basic characteristics, the main advantages and disadvantages and also the situations in which it is appropriate to use these instruments. The third part is focused on analysis of trends in the use of these instruments for trade finance, as well as the use of Documentary Collection and Letter of Credit in various regions of the world. The last part is devoted to the comparison of charges associated with these instruments in selected banks, firstly in general and then on illustrative examples.
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Comparison of hedging instruments in international trade
Štrossová, Šárka ; Němečková, Iveta (advisor) ; Hinčica, Vít (referee)
The thesis is divided into two parts -- theoretical and practical. In first part hedging instruments, namely the Letter of Credit, Documentary Collection, Bill of Exchange, Factoring, Forfaiting and Bank Guarantee are analyzed. The aim of analysis is to describe the basic characteristics of instruments and course of these instruments. Subsequently, the instruments are compared to each other on the basis of the advantages and disadvatages they bring to participants. The next part is devoted to an analysis of charges associated with the use of particular hedging instruments in selected banks and the comparison of instruments based on selected criteria. The specific use of the hedging instrument is shown in the case study.
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Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes and Their Role in International Business
Jinoch, Pavel ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Chaloupka, Jiří (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the functioning of bills of exchange/promissory notes in selected areas of international business, with an emphasis on their security and credit functions. The subject of the first chapter is the introducing the parties involved in bills of exchange, then the specification of the essentials of this instrument and the description of the main effects resulting from the use of clauses. The core of this chapter is the analysis of bills of exchange transactions. The second chapter deals with possibilities of using this commercial paper in the following banking products -- documentary credit, documentary collection, discount credit and forfeiting. The last chapter is dedicated to the analysis of a blank bill, with particular emphasis on the risks connected with this security instrument.
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Documentary payments in international trade
Plaček, Lukáš ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
The aim of bachelor thesis is to describe the problems of documentary payments in international trade. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first one is devoted to a letter of credit under UCP 600, its legal nature, the standard model during the operation, types and availability of letters of credit. Another chapter details the documents that could be used for documentary payments and following control of the bank. The third chapter discusses the documentary collection as defined by the URC 522. This chapter provides information on collection instructions, conditions of documentary collections and other aspects of this banking product. The last chapter is devoted to a comparison of documentary credit and collection in terms of institutionalization, elimination of risks, financial performance, examination of the documents and several other aspects. The conclusion contains a summary of presented information.
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Credit risk in export and methods of its hedging (illustrated on particular enterprise)
Krošlák, Peter ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Čajka, Radek (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to illustrate how enterprises deal with credit risk assisted by commercial banks. The thesis focuses on payment and hedging Instruments such as bank guarantee, documentary credit and documentary collection. The work is divided into three chapters and contains 13 attachments. The first part will be short introduction to different types of risks in international trade and namely credit risk. Second part is devoted to particular payment and hedging instruments. Last part is result of a research directly in the bank and illustrates the usage of these instruments in practical trade. It contains three cases, in which Slovak exporters, importers and suppliers used or were forced to use payment and hedging instruments.
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The Usage of Documentary Payment Instruments When Financing International Trade
Javůrek, Pavel ; Schlossberger, Otakar (advisor) ; Černohlávková, Eva (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with two documentary payment methods commonly used in international trade transactions - a documentary collection and a documentary letter of credit. These instruments are regarded as an important part of both international trade and banking. Both the instruments are characterized in detail. Their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in comparison with other instruments with same and similar functions. A part of the thesis is devoted to the importance (position) of documentary payment instruments in international trade, and to current trends in their usage. The last part focuses on the documentary collection and the documentary letter of credit in the Czech Republic - from the point of view of their offer, price, and the demand for them.
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Documentary system of payments
Formanová, Lenka ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Halík, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis describes the contract of purchase and kinds of terms of payment with regard to the moment of the settlement of the purchase price. The main subject of the thesis is especially the documentary system of payments. The thesis characterizes the documentary letter of credit and the documentary collection as two of the most considerable payment and custodial banking instruments in an international trade. It deals with advantages and disadvantages of their using, their main principles, relations between participants in documentary transactions and with a description of the whole process of operations with these documentary instruments. Further there are captured individual kinds of documentary letter of credits and documentary collections in the thesis. The thesis also deals with a comparison of the documentary letter of credit and the documentary collection from standpoints of advantages and disadvantages, which these instruments may bring to both parties of the contract of purchase. To complete general questions the thesis also deals with documents, that are used by documentary payments. In conclusion, the thesis outlines the current development in the field of the documentary system of payments.
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Usage of documentary payment instruments in financing the international trade
Šťastná, Vladimíra ; Schlossberger, Otakar (advisor)
The objective of the diploma thesis is to describe the documentary payment instruments mainly their legal regulation, define their main advantages and disadvantages in connection with foreign trade, describe the types of these payment instruments, define participants of the relationships, the future development of both instruments etc. After the theoretical part the analysis of the documentary payment instruments under chosen criteria is performed. The total volumes of letter of credits issued and confirmed by three czech banks within period 1997 -- 2007 are compared and the trends of their development are theoretically explained. The bank fees regarding to letter of credits and documentary collections are compared as well.
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