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Design of apparatus for determination of directions of reinforcing fibres in soft biological tissues in their deformed state
Sodomka, Tomáš ; Vaverka, Jiří (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The Bachelor´s thesis is focused on the determination of directions of collagen fibres in elastic arteries. The first aim of this thesis is a general introduction into soft tissue mechanics with turning attention to connective tissue where collagen fibres are their inseparable part. Also the thesis introduces arrangement of collagen fibres, their waviness and how the waviness thwarts determination of direction of fibres. The second aim is a design and test of the mechanical apparatus, which is able to stretch a squared aortic sample in two perpendicular directions (independently on each other) up to the relative deformation of 30 %. Design of the apparatus allows the sample to be dipped into the formaldehyde solution, which fixes the deformation. Consequent histologic sections of the sample will be used for the determination of global directions of collagen fibres in the aorta. The apparatus is designed to simulate conditions in a human or animal body where aorta is axially pre-stretched and at the same time expanded in the radial direction by blood pressure.
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The anterior cruciate ligament injury dependency on the menstrual cycle phase in young women
Posekaná, Pavlína ; Pešicová, Lucie (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Michaela (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to summarize the topic of the anterior cruciate ligament (LCA) injury dependency on the menstrual cycle phase of young women with regular sport activity. The general part describes basic knowledge about connective tissue, LCA, issues of LCA injury and related risk situations. Large chapter is dedicated to sex hormones and menstrual and ovarian cycle, which is crucial for understanding the whole topic. The main part is focused on impact of sex hormones and hormonal contraception on connective tissue, but also on muscle and nervous tissues, which might be as well important for LCA injury incidence. Next part of the thesis consists of a questionnaire survey. 52 respondents aged 15-35 with rupture or partial rupture of LCA answered the non-standardized questionnaire compiled specially for this thesis and the results were statistically processed. 14 respondents were using hormonal contraception, remaining 38 had physiological menstrual cycle. Based on the theoretical findings we expected highest incidence of LCA injuries among women without contraception in phases of menstrual cycle with highest levels of oestrogen (10th -15th day). That was confirmed (P-value: 0,0218) as well as overall lower incidence among women using contraception (P-value: 0,0006). Expected higher...
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Hypermobility syndrome and its connection with nerve entrapment syndromes, the example of the thoracic outlet syndrome
Jiquelle, Carine ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Véle, František (referee)
ABSTRACT Background: Since its first mention by Kirk et al. in 1967 and its recognition as a full- fledged rheumatologic disorder, the hypermobility syndrome (HMS) has been increasingly investigated and reported in the scientific literature. Expeditiously renamed benign joint hypermobility syndrome in the patent absence of life-threatening complications, its relatively innocuous character has been progressively reconsidered. In fact, the HMS tends to date to be considered analogous to the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-hypermobility type, a heritable disease of connective tissue, and therefore emerges as a chiefly rheumatologic disorder with possible widespread reverberations in practically all organs and systems. The condition thence goes beyond the sole involvement of the musculoskeletal system and is recurrently associated with seemingly-unrelated and more or less severe conditions (cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastro- intestinal…). However, neurologic implications of the hypermobility syndrome remain poorly documented, particularly those regarding the peripheral nervous system. Ranking amongst the afflictions of the latter, nerve entrapment syndromes (NES) comprehend a multitude of categories, notably the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). And if their pathological mechanisms are generally apprehended...
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Transfer vibration through spine
Benyovszky, Adam ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Lopot, František (referee)
Transfer Vibration through Spine Abstract In the bachelor project we deal with the topic of Transfer Vibration through Spine. The problem of TVS is trying to be solved by the critical review method. We analyse some diagnostic methods and methods of treatment based on this principle. Close attention is paid to the method of Transfer Vibration through Spine that is being currently solved by The Research Institute of Thermomechanics in The Czech Academy of Sciences in cooperation with Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. In the text are also searched mathematical description and biomechanical qualities of spine system that are related to these mentioned methods. The project is also used as a theoretical base for future experimental part of the research. Keywords: mechanical wave, intervertebral disc, spine, Transfer Vibration through Spine, connective tissue.
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Manual techniques based on the theory of fascial chains
Saifrová, Tereza ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Title: Manual techniques based on the theory of fascial chains Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to summerize academic findings and information about anatomy, histology, neurophysiology and biomechanical properties of fascial tissue from the latest research and studies in the theoretical part. Analytical and descriptive part is firstly focused on principles of tissue remodeling, mechanism of myofascial therapy effects and on diagnostic methods which are available for evaluation of structure, properties and function of fascia. The main goal is to describe and compare different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of most known authors based on various theories of fascial chains. Another important purpose of this work is to demonstrate the objective effect of particular fascial techniques and manual therapies. Methods: This thesis is theoretical work with the purpose of summerizing, organizing and analyzing relevant studies related to the topic through the literary research in available academic databases. Results: The key information concerning structure and properties of fascial tissue have been collected and analyzed according to the latest fascial researches. This thesis describes three best known and widely used approaches which concern the theory of fascial chains and practical outfall...
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The anterior cruciate ligament injury dependency on the menstrual cycle phase in young women
Posekaná, Pavlína ; Pešicová, Lucie (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Michaela (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to summarize the topic of the anterior cruciate ligament (LCA) injury dependency on the menstrual cycle phase of young women with regular sport activity. The general part describes basic knowledge about connective tissue, LCA, issues of LCA injury and related risk situations. Large chapter is dedicated to sex hormones and menstrual and ovarian cycle, which is crucial for understanding the whole topic. The main part is focused on impact of sex hormones and hormonal contraception on connective tissue, but also on muscle and nervous tissues, which might be as well important for LCA injury incidence. Next part of the thesis consists of a questionnaire survey. 52 respondents aged 15-35 with rupture or partial rupture of LCA answered the non-standardized questionnaire compiled specially for this thesis and the results were statistically processed. 14 respondents were using hormonal contraception, remaining 38 had physiological menstrual cycle. Based on the theoretical findings we expected highest incidence of LCA injuries among women without contraception in phases of menstrual cycle with highest levels of oestrogen (10th -15th day). That was confirmed (P-value: 0,0218) as well as overall lower incidence among women using contraception (P-value: 0,0006). Expected higher...
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Design of apparatus for determination of directions of reinforcing fibres in soft biological tissues in their deformed state
Sodomka, Tomáš ; Vaverka, Jiří (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The Bachelor´s thesis is focused on the determination of directions of collagen fibres in elastic arteries. The first aim of this thesis is a general introduction into soft tissue mechanics with turning attention to connective tissue where collagen fibres are their inseparable part. Also the thesis introduces arrangement of collagen fibres, their waviness and how the waviness thwarts determination of direction of fibres. The second aim is a design and test of the mechanical apparatus, which is able to stretch a squared aortic sample in two perpendicular directions (independently on each other) up to the relative deformation of 30 %. Design of the apparatus allows the sample to be dipped into the formaldehyde solution, which fixes the deformation. Consequent histologic sections of the sample will be used for the determination of global directions of collagen fibres in the aorta. The apparatus is designed to simulate conditions in a human or animal body where aorta is axially pre-stretched and at the same time expanded in the radial direction by blood pressure.
|
|
|
Manual techniques based on the theory of fascial chains
Saifrová, Tereza ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Title: Manual techniques based on the theory of fascial chains Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to summerize academic findings and information about anatomy, histology, neurophysiology and biomechanical properties of fascial tissue from the latest research and studies in the theoretical part. Analytical and descriptive part is firstly focused on principles of tissue remodeling, mechanism of myofascial therapy effects and on diagnostic methods which are available for evaluation of structure, properties and function of fascia. The main goal is to describe and compare different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of most known authors based on various theories of fascial chains. Another important purpose of this work is to demonstrate the objective effect of particular fascial techniques and manual therapies. Methods: This thesis is theoretical work with the purpose of summerizing, organizing and analyzing relevant studies related to the topic through the literary research in available academic databases. Results: The key information concerning structure and properties of fascial tissue have been collected and analyzed according to the latest fascial researches. This thesis describes three best known and widely used approaches which concern the theory of fascial chains and practical outfall...
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