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Nursing care of children with cleft lip and palate
PRÁŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with the nursing care of children witch cleft lip defects and palate. The prevalence of cleft defects has decreased thanks to modern prenatal diagnosis, but cleft palate and cleft lip are still at the top of the ranking among the most common congenital developmental defects. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part describes the anatomy and physiology of the oronasal region, prenatal care, classification of cleft lip and palate, history of treatment and current surgical treatment, nursing process and multidisciplinary care. In this bachelor thesis three objectives were set. The first objective was to determine the nutritional nursing care of children with cleft lip and palate defects. The second objective was to determine the nursing care after surgery for a child with cleft lip and palate defect. The third and final objective was to determine parental awareness of cleft lip and palate defect in their children. The research investigation of the bachelor thesis was conducted through qualitative research in the form of a case study. The case study includes a description of the situation, a description of the factors that caused the situation, a description of the procedures used and their impact on the resolution of the situation, and in particular an evaluation of the resolution of the situation and, where appropriate, suggestions for further action. The content structure became case studies: the characteristics of the client and his/her initial situation. To obtain this information, an analysis of medical records, nursing documentation, child observation and the nursing process was carried out to create a detailed nursing case history of children with the problem using the Nanda Taxonomy II. Based on the information obtained, we developer a nursing plan for two children with surgical correction of this defect. Categorization of the case study was done. According to the detailed analysis of the nursing case studies, we have created categories and subcategories, which are discussed and described in detail under each scheme. The research investigation was conducted in a specialized unit dedicated to the treatment of developmental defects of the lip and palate in pediatric patients. The research was conducted from February to mid-April 2023. Parents of children with cleft defects were interviewed to supplement the information. All of this information that was found is completely anonymous. The interview included a total of 23 pre-designed questions. Individual interviews were recorded on a mobile phone and then transcribed verbatim into Microsoft Word. Then, the parents´ interviews were analyzed and categorized using the pencil-paper method. Based on the research investigation, it was found that care is provided individually, according to the congenital defect in the lip and palate and the extent of its damage. This determines the timeliness of surgical treatment and associated nutrition. A detailed analysis of the nursing process and the creation of nursing diagnoses related to the specific patient with a congenital defect in the lip and palate region was performed. The research revealed that careful professional awareness of the parents was taken care of. Despite the fact that mothers reported sufficient awareness, some sought further information on the internet and/or in leaflets from the doctor. In terms of nursing care for children after surgery, these children are hospitalized as soon as possible after birth. These early surgeries are done for faster healing and from a psychological point of view. This bachelor thesis can be used in theoretical teaching in nursing process focused on surgical issues. In my opinion, this thesis could also be used to expand the awareness of cleft defects among health care professionals in practice.
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Role of nurses in postoperative care in patients with lung cancer.
PLECEROVÁ, Jana
At present time the lung/ bronchial carcinoma is the most frequent malignant disease but not only in our country but worldwide. It is an insidious disease that at the beginning is asymptomatic (i.e. without clinical symptoms), however it has an extraordinary unfavourable prognosis. The lung/ bronchial carcinoma is painless disease therefore the sick people (adversely affected by lung/ bronchial carcinoma) do not suffer from any significant health trouble for very long time. In a later stage some of the patients realize the fact, that they are facing some health troubles. They find out that something go wrong as far as their health condition is concerned, the most frequent case is reported as breathlessness or difficulties in breathing in general. Their difficulties in breathing is frequently attributed to their weight, physical strain, stress, workload, work environment they work in. These patients usually make an appointment with the physician not sooner than they observe further manifestations of the illness which testifies to advanced stage of the illness, however. These symptoms often are the following: haemoptysis, rhonchus/hoarseness, chronic cough, dysphagia, pains, loss of weight. The lung carcinoma is frequently discovered on a random basis within a preoperative preparation for another surgical intervention i.e. the centre of lung carcinoma is identified when heart and lungs are X-rayed. The very sad moment of this disease (lung carcinoma) is the fact that overwhelming majority of the patients bring about this insidious illness or contract the illness themselves. The reason is smoking. Present youth regard smoking fashionable and modern. They feel and perceive smoking as their need to try something new and majority of them persist with smoking. They become smoking addict and only small percentage of them seek a help or assistance of an expert in making people give up smoking. In the past we encountered the diagnosis of lung carcinoma with the patients whose age fell in between 60 (sixty) and 70 (seventy). At present time the patients with such a diagnosis are rather younger. Their age fall within the interval 40 (forty) and 50 (fifty). I can express my belief that the public should be not only better informed but also keep informed about the life-threatening lung carcinoma, malignant lung tumour, ways and means of healing, primary and secondary prevention and help and assistance in making people to give up smoking. The public should be informed and be kept informed about risk factors that lead to the origin and development of this insidious disease. The media should do whatever possible to present statistics, research investigations dealing with the origin and development of lung carcinoma, case reports regarding patients with this diagnosis. Several years ago, there were cigarette packets provided with various pictures on them presenting risks of smoking as well as possible complications and troubles accompanied with smoking including lung carcinoma. Unfortunately, this campaign did not achieve such effect as it had been expected. This diploma work has been worked out by focusing on theory. Its goal is to present the problem of lung carcinoma, malignant lung tumours in the Czech Republic and in the world. The crucial area of the diploma work is devoted to the surgical therapy of the lung carcinoma, malignant lung tumours that is subject of permanent development and still brings new pieces of knowledge in the field of therapy of lung malignity. Another aim of this diploma work is to clarify, map out and visualize the position and role of nurses in postoperative care for the patients with lung carcinoma/ tumour. The conclusion of the diploma work focuses on specific questions and requirements of the palliative care and its models. This diploma work makes it possible to get an overall view of the specialized field of malignant lung tumours, their statistics, the numbers of which has been rising.
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Benefits and complications of surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Vrzalová, Marie ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Želízková, Marta (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the benefits and complications of surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy. The criterion for the selection of patients was undergoing preoperative long-term monitoring. Information were obtained from six patients after 2-3 years r of surgery using the narrative interview and questionnaire QOLIE 89, which evaluates the quality of life. The interview was analyzed using grounded theory while the information obtained from questionnaire were used only as supplement and comparison of the results. Overall evaluation of questionnaire QOLIE 89 was in standard in five of six patients which is against the results obtained in interviews. Comparing risks and complications with benefits of surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy in the observed group was evaluate as problematic. Patients expected more positive benefit of the treatment and improving the quality of life. Keyword: epilepsy, surgical treatment, nursing care, quality of live
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Surgical treatment of Brachial plexus birth palsy and possibilities of Physiotherapy
Šolcová, Monika ; Zounková, Irena (advisor) ; Horáček, Ondřej (referee)
Obstetrical palsy of upper limb results from a perinatal lesion of brachial plexus nervous bunch. The incidence of this disease ranges from 0.42 to 5.1 / 1,000 live births. If the palsy isn't diagnosed early and treated adequately, child will be threatened by major consequences later. This work provides the reader with the current view on the surgical treatment of patients with brachial plexus birth palsy. It gives a comprehensive overview on early neurosurgical intervention and secondary orthopaedic reconstruction. It submits opinions on indicating criteria. It describes the main charakteristic and results of operations. It refers to the fact that the choice of a surgical procedure can be essential in therapy. The aim of this work is also to characterize the fundamental aspects of postoperative physiotherapy, which simultaneously goes along with the process of intervention therapy. The practical part of this work includes a case of a patient after a neurosurgical performance. It describes the preoperative examinations, the performed surgery and the implementation of postoperative rehabilitation.
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Changes in stand and walking parameters in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Lukešová, Kateřina ; Opálková, Michaela (advisor) ; Demeková, Júlia (referee)
This thesis is devoted to changes in selected gait and stance parameters in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In the introduction of this work, anatomy and biomechanics of the knee joint are described. Then the thesis deals with the anterior cruciate ligament injury issues, treatment options and associated risks. Last but not least, the possible influence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on sensorimotor and neuromuscular control of human movement and posture is discussed. In the second, experimental part of the work, the objectives of the work and hypotheses are set, then the measurement methodology and results are described. At the end of the work is a discussion, in which the results of this research are compared with current studies. The measurements took place at the Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine at the Motol University Hospital using the Zebris FDM-T System. A total of 36 probands took part in the measurement, 18 of them underwent anterior cruciate ligament plastic surgery on one lower limb and another 18 represented a control group without any injury or surgery on the lower limbs. The results did not show any statistically significant differences in selected parameters of standing and walking between the experimental and control groups,...
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Clinical and nursing aspects of patients treated surgically for HPV-related ofopharyngeal tumours
Báťová, Linda ; Zábrodský, Michal (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction: Oropharyngeal tumours belong to the most common malignancies situated in the head and neck area. In the past, their incidence has been associated with classical risk factors (smoking and alcohol use). In the recent years, the increase of oropharyngeal carcinomas resulting from HPV (human papilloma virus) infection incidence has been observed. The change of their aetiology also implies a number of clinical differences, the most important being a significantly better survival prognosis in patients with HPV+ carcinomas. Aims: The main goal of this thesis was to characterize correctly patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas and to identify different specifics of nursing intensive care for these patients. Methods: The quantitative prospective study involved 30 patients following their surgical treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma, hospitalised in an intensive care unit. The patients were divided into 3 groups: HPV+ non-smokers, HPV+ smokers, HPV- smokers. Results: The study confirmed the demographic differences between individual patient groups. The HPV+ non-smokers group is characterized by a lower age in average, which is significantly reflected in a reduced duration of hospital stay. In addition, opioid administration rate, infection rates and postoperative complications incidences are...
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Optimalised indications for microsurgical and endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Štekláčová, Anna ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Přibáň, Vladimír (referee) ; Zvěřina, Eduard (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Autoreferát disertační práce Optimalizace indikací chirurgického a endovaskulárního ošetření intrakraniálních aneurysmat Anna Štekláčová 2018 2 Doktorské studijní programy v biomedicíně Univerzita Karlova v Praze a Akademie věd České republiky Obor: Neurovědy Předseda oborové rady: Prof. MUDr. Karel Šonka, DrSc. Školicí pracoviště: Neurochirurgická a neuroonkologická klinika 1. LF UK a ÚVN, Praha Školitel: Prof. MUDr. Vladimír Beneš, DrSc. Disertační práce bude nejméně pět pracovních dnů před konáním obhajoby zveřejněna k nahlížení veřejnosti v tištěné podobě na Oddělení pro vědeckou činnost a zahraniční styky Děkanátu 1. lékařské fakulty. 3 Obsah Abstrakt - Česky ..................................................................................... 4 Abstract - English ................................................................................... 5 Úvod........................................................................................................ 6 Hypotézy a cíle studie............................................................................. 6 Materiál a metody ................................................................................... 7 Výsledky...
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Comprehensive therapeutic rehabilitation of patients after surgery of Dupuytern's contracture
DYRYNKOVÁ, Pavlína
The topic of this bachelor thesis is concerned on problematic of Dupuytren's contracture. In the theoretical part I describe palmodigital aponeurosis, kinesiology, Dupuytren's disease, its classification, symptomatology, relation with gender, age, nationality, possible association with diseases and further description of treatment options. The aim of the thesis was to compile and propose a therapeutic plan and then to evaluate it in terms of proband's subjective perception and to compare it with the measured results. In the practical part, I made three case reports of probands who underwent Dupuytren's contracture operation. I obtained the data by taking a history and processing the input and output kinesiological analysis, followed by observation and a semi-structured interview. The first two probandes underwent ten therapies in my bachelor thesis and third only four, because he had to end the therapy prematurely for health reasons. In the first two cases, the extension was the most limited, and in the third proband there was the greatest limitation in reduced muscle strength and gait pain. According to the initial kinesiological analysis, I created a short-term plan and focused on the therapy. I used the aspect, palpation, anthropometric examination, goniometry, muscle test, table top test, sensitivity and grip assessment, and I always asked propand about subjective perception of his illness. Outcomes showed overall improvement in both patients. The other patient had no restrictions after the end of therapy. The first patient, despite visible improvements, still suffered from hand stiffness in the morning and increased manual labor and tingle I. - III. finger for the probably starting carpal tunnel syndrome. Achieving goals during therapy can be understood by creating individual rehabilitation plans, evaluating objective tests and subjective perception of probands.
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Benefits and complications of surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Vrzalová, Marie ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Želízková, Marta (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the benefits and complications of surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy. The criterion for the selection of patients was undergoing preoperative long-term monitoring. Information were obtained from six patients after 2-3 years r of surgery using the narrative interview and questionnaire QOLIE 89, which evaluates the quality of life. The interview was analyzed using grounded theory while the information obtained from questionnaire were used only as supplement and comparison of the results. Overall evaluation of questionnaire QOLIE 89 was in standard in five of six patients which is against the results obtained in interviews. Comparing risks and complications with benefits of surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy in the observed group was evaluate as problematic. Patients expected more positive benefit of the treatment and improving the quality of life. Keyword: epilepsy, surgical treatment, nursing care, quality of live
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New options for cervical cancer prevention
Adámková, Jana ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Fanta, Michael (referee)
This paper examines new ways of preventing cervical cancer. It adopts theoretical as well as empirical approach and is accordingly divided into two sections. The theoretical section provides a brief introduction to the anatomy and physiology of the uterus (Chapter 1.1) and then focuses on the disease itself (Chapter 1.2). The first three subchapters consider the disease incidence, the risk factors and the symptoms. The diagnostics are discussed in the fourth subchapter, which also provides a detailed description of Pap smear testing. Available treatments, currently consisting mainly of a surgical intervention, are examined in the subchapter on therapy. Lastly, the paper discusses ways of preventing cervical cancer, such as preventive gynecological exams and newly introduced vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV); Silgard and Cervavix vaccines are examined in detail. The empirical section evaluates a questionnaire-based survey performed in a private gynecological practice. The aim of the survey was to map the awareness of cervical cancer preventive measures, especially the vaccine option, amongst different age groups of women and establish whether they are having their preventive gynecological tests done.
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