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The Europeanisation of Asylum law
Pifflová, Viktorie ; Pítrová, Lenka (advisor) ; Říha, Michal (referee)
The Europeanisation of Asylum law Abstract The content of this thesis focuses on the development of the European Union asylum policy, as the youngest but fastest developing EU policy. As the field of asylum law is highly influenced by the incorporation of EU legislation into the national legal orders of the Member States, this legal area can be described as strongly Europeanised. This thesis aims to document the process of Europeanisation of asylum law through the construction of a regional subsystem of refugee protection in the European area, called the Common European Asylum System, or CEAS for short. The thesis is divided into an introduction, seven chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter explains the basic concepts with which the thesis works, as well as emphasizes the necessity to consider the field of asylum law through the prism of three layers which mutually influence and complement each other. These layers are of the international, EU and national law. For this reason, the most important international legal pillars supporting the EU asylum acquis are mentioned. The following chapters deal with the very concept of the Common European Asylum System and EU asylum policy, in an attempt to capture the underlying conceptual ideas behind the need to build this system. As the CEAS was built...
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Nonconventional Utilisation of Wind Energy
Zajíc, Josef ; Turek, Vojtěch (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
The thesis considers utilization of the wind energy as source of energy for the production of hydrogen. In the first part, there is described the types of wind engine specialized especially on screw wind engines and their construction. After that follows the description of dilemmas usage of electric energy addicted in time and with it connected problems with accumulation elektricity by the help of various methods. The final part of the thesis is than addicted to statistic evaluation of wind conditions, description and suggestion of the equipment hydrogen management.
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The Establishment and Development of Asylum Policies in East Central Europe
Hoffstädt, Jord Malte ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Najšlová, Lucia (referee)
In the light of the current refugee crisis in the European Union, and the remarkably critical stance the East Central European states are taking in Brussels, this research contributes to a broader understanding of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland's policies towards refugees. By scrutinizing the process of developing refugee policies during the 1990s and 2000s, the research will demonstrate that the countries united in the V4 platform in their first years of transition generously contributed to international refugee protection. Steep increase of asylum applicants and negotiation talks with the EU in the late 1990s brought various changes to the refugee policies in the region, marked by more closely defining and the enhancing of asylum seekers' and recognized refugees' rights, but also by lower refugee recognition rates. Accession to the European Union ultimately resulted in more complete and comprehensive asylum policies in line with the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). However, the V4 states maintained rather restrictive interpretations of the European policy, explained by the pressure the CEAS places on the states at the EU's external border and lower economic capacity to accommodate large numbers of refugees. Recent developments are mostly the result of political exploitation...
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Relocation as a solution to the EU migration crisis
Škapová, Lucie ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
1 Relocation as a Solution to the EU Migration Crisis Abstract Asylum law has traditionally been perceived as a sensitive area of state policy. For this very reason, for a long time, it was mostly excluded from the process of European integration. However, the development of the internal market and the removal of internal borders have ultimately necessitated some degree of harmonisation of asylum and migration policies amongst the Member States. Consequently, there have been several major increases in EU competence in the field of asylum and migration since the 1990s. This has eventually led to the creation of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). Yet, a prolonged lack of political will to introduce a major reform of the CEAS and to duly implement the principle of solidarity has over the years resulted in serious systemic deficiencies. These defects, in particular the uneven distribution of responsibility between the Member States, have fully shown during the EU migration crisis. This far-reaching crisis has translated into several ad hoc solutions, including the use of an emergency EU competence to adopt temporary measures under Art. 78(3) SFEU (ex Art. 64(2) TEC), which had not been used until then. The adoption of two Council relocation decisions in September 2015 has raised numerous legal questions...
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Asylum Policies and Integration of Refugees in the Visegrad countries 1989-2015
Bartalová, Edina ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
Following the political changes induced by the fall of the Communist regimes across Eastern Europe, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland embarked on the road of economic liberalization and democratization. This process was formally concluded with the so-called Visegrád countries' accession to the EU in 2004. However, in relation to the refugee crisis the Visegrád countries emerged within the EU united in their opposition to comply with the so- called mandatory refugee relocation scheme. The position of the Visegrád countries evoked not only significant media attention but also academic inquiry on the securitization of asylum policies in the Visegrád region. This research analyses the Europeanisation of the asylum policies in the Visegrád countries in three periods: 1. the early years of democratic development 2. The harmonization of policies leading up to EU accession and 3. The development of related policies after EU accession. The Europeanisation of asylum policies coincide with the development of the Common European Asylum System and the deepening of EU legislative powers in the field of asylum policy. The author concluded that the field of integration policy where Member States retain significant authority has become a strict control mechanism of limiting displaced person access to...
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EU effects on migration policy
Wittke, Felina Katharina ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Knutelská, Viera (referee)
The 2015 refugee crisis clearly highlighted that the European asylum system is flawed and triggered a heated discussion on the functioning and appropriateness of the Dublin Regulation. The present research tries to account for differences in the implementation of the Dublin regime from its coming into force in 1997 until today, by testing the three possibly influencing factors 'misfit', administrative capacity and overall situation for Germany, Hungary and Italy. The comparative case study first ascertains that Germany implements the obligations to a medium to high degree, while Hungary presents a low and Italy a medium-low implementation record. The analysis of the single variables shows that the higher the compatibility between the national and the European asylum system at the moment of adhering to the Dublin system, the more diligently a country implements it. While no clear claims can be made if and how the administrative capacity of a state affects implementation, the economic situation does have an impact in the sense that a stronger overall state of the economy appears to have positive effects on implementation. The research is part of the general research framework of Europeanization and contributes to the scholarship on implementation. By shedding light on the factors leading to...
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The Establishment and Development of Asylum Policies in East Central Europe
Hoffstädt, Jord Malte ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Najšlová, Lucia (referee)
In the light of the current refugee crisis in the European Union, and the remarkably critical stance the East Central European states are taking in Brussels, this research contributes to a broader understanding of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland's policies towards refugees. By scrutinizing the process of developing refugee policies during the 1990s and 2000s, the research will demonstrate that the countries united in the V4 platform in their first years of transition generously contributed to international refugee protection. Steep increase of asylum applicants and negotiation talks with the EU in the late 1990s brought various changes to the refugee policies in the region, marked by more closely defining and the enhancing of asylum seekers' and recognized refugees' rights, but also by lower refugee recognition rates. Accession to the European Union ultimately resulted in more complete and comprehensive asylum policies in line with the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). However, the V4 states maintained rather restrictive interpretations of the European policy, explained by the pressure the CEAS places on the states at the EU's external border and lower economic capacity to accommodate large numbers of refugees. Recent developments are mostly the result of political exploitation...
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Nonconventional Utilisation of Wind Energy
Zajíc, Josef ; Turek, Vojtěch (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
The thesis considers utilization of the wind energy as source of energy for the production of hydrogen. In the first part, there is described the types of wind engine specialized especially on screw wind engines and their construction. After that follows the description of dilemmas usage of electric energy addicted in time and with it connected problems with accumulation elektricity by the help of various methods. The final part of the thesis is than addicted to statistic evaluation of wind conditions, description and suggestion of the equipment hydrogen management.
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