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Fostering Polar Cooperation: A Comparative Analysis of the Arctic and Antarctic Models
McGuire, Sarah ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Lipovský, Milan (referee)
As sea ice melts and Arctic waterways become increasingly navigable, the importance of effective polar governance has never been higher, especially with heightened geopolitical tensions across the globe. Unlike its southern counterpart, the Arctic region is not governed by a single treaty, but rather a network of agreements and an international forum - the Arctic Council - designed to make recommendations and facilitate cooperation among the eight Arctic states. The objective of this study was to confirm if the Arctic Council and its governing instruments exhibit hard law or soft law characteristics and to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each. The subsequent objective was then to determine if there are lessons the Arctic can learn from the Antarctic, which is largely considered to be a successful example of hard law, and what barriers may be preventing the implementation of such improvements. Abbott and Snidal's Concept of Legalization was applied to determine the degree of legalization of treaties and agreements negotiated under the auspices of the Arctic Council and the products of its working groups by assessing their levels of obligation, precision, and delegation. This research found that the Arctic Council's contribution to Arctic governance does predominately exhibit soft law...
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France in the Arctic
Domkář, Michal ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the modern French Arctic policy and its gradual evolution. A crucial prerequisite is the transformation of the Arctic narrative, that is how the region is generally seen. While it had been previously understood as a place for international cooperation, global warming has dramatically changed the region. Thus, both the key points of the Arctic debate and its participants and the overall narrative have changed. The goal of this thesis is to find out whether France reflects this change of the narrative and if so, how. France has shown interest in the region for a long time and its long-lasting presence makes it an important actor. The research has been done through the analysis of relevant government documents and proclamations which demonstrate the official country's approach the best. The resulting findings confirmed the transformation of Arctic policy, which changes its main proclaimed interest over time. The emphasis is no longer on scientific activity as it once was. Although it is increasingly incorporating security and the strategic importance of the region into its approach, given the recency of the phenomenon, it cannot yet be said with certainty that this will become the central focus of future policy, although the trend described suggests that it will.
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The analysis of the Russian environmental cooperation with the Arctic Council member states
Němá, Olga ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
The recently intensifying climate changes enable a large-scale economic development of the Arctic region. This region is characterized by the vast hydrocarbon resources, but also by the unique fragile ecosystem. Therefore, any economic development must be aligned with environmental protection. This protection is encouraged by the leading intergovernmental institution in this area, the Arctic Council. This master thesis aims to analyse Russian environmental cooperation with the Arctic coastal states within the Arctic Council. Its structure follows a theoretical framework, introduced by the liberal intergovernmentalism. Firstly, formation of Russian national Arctic interests is analysed, using the key legal documents. Secondly, Russia's participation in the Arctic Council is studied. Thirdly, bilateral environmental cooperation between Russia and other four Arctic coastal states is analysed. Based on the performed research, the Russian Federation is aware, that reaching its very ambitious plans for economic development of the Arctic is only possible along with improvement of environmental protection. Russia cannot ensure this alone and therefore it actively seeks international cooperation. The research also pointed out, that before the establishment of the Arctic Council, the bilateral cooperation...
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Challenges for International Relations in the Arctic
Štěpánek, Zdeněk ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis deals with identification, analysis and critical assessment of challenges for international relations arising in the Arctic in connection with global climate change, which results mainly into decrease of the sea ice. Copenhagen School forms the primary theoretical bedrock of the thesis. The thesis maps the approach of different theoretical paradigms to the Arctic region throughout the history and on this basis it justifies the relevance of application of the concept of security sectors defined by Copenhagen School on the region. The thesis also maps the current governance mechanisms of the Arctic region as far as international law and institutional arrangements are concerned. The analysis of concrete challenges for international relations is structured according to the sectors of security defined by Copenhagen School. Thus, challenges in the environmental, societal, economic, political and military sectors are examined.
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The New Economic Potential of the Arctic
Denis, Tadeáš ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Machytka, Daniel (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to focus on the economic development of the Arctic region. It analyzes the natural conditions of the Arctic, the reasons and the consequences of the climate changes and their impact on potential economic development. It also describes the regional organization Arctic Council. In the next part the particular sections are presented: the production of oil and natural gas, arctic mining, shipping, fishing and tourism. In the last chapter results of an interview with a British geologist working at Danish climate center are brought up.
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The issue of the Arctic in contemporary international relations
Frýbová, Martina ; Kochan, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Jana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the Arctic in contemporary international relations. First, there are described theoretical definitions of basic terms like Arctic and international regime , then the intrnational regime of the Arctic with its history and its comparism to the regime of Antarctic.In conclusion there are described declarations of Arctic states and their interests in the Arctic.
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