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Legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care
Prchalová, Karolína ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care Abstract The aim of this diploma theses is to analyse the legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care and to reply to the question whether the current legal regulation of foster care ought to be altered in favour of registered partners. The first chapter of the theses provides with the explanation of terms family and parenthood and closely deals with legal duties and rights of parents and children. It defines the constitutionally guaranteed right to family life of a child and registered partners and development of judicature concerning this issue. And this chapter also defines the crucial term of the best interests of the child. The second chapter focuses on the legal institute of registered partnership. It deals with the legal regulation and its development, the development of the legal regulation in the European countries, especially in Germany. This chapter also analyses the issue of discrimination and unequal legal position of registered partners compared to spouses. Subsequently both institutes, registered partnership and matrimony, was compared. The third chapter is fundamental. It focuses on particular forms of foster care with respect to the purpose of the legal regulation....
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Legal context and implications: analysis of blockchain regulation in selected jurisdictions
Bőhm, Erik ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Lederer, Vít (referee)
1 Legal context and implications: analysis of blockchain regulation in selected jurisdictions Abstract Blockchain technology has become a transformative force, offering transparency, security and efficiency across industries. However, its rapid growth brings regulatory challenges. This paper examines blockchain regulation, focusing on the European Union (EU) framework and comparative analysis with selected jurisdictions around the world. At the outset, the thesis seeks to clarify the basic concepts of blockchain and its regulatory implications. It tries to introduce the issues and frame the most important terms in a non- technical way. The thesis then examines EU legislation, including contemporary and forthcoming secondary regulations such as the Markets in Cryptoassets Regulation (MiCAR), and explores their objectives, challenges and implications for innovation and market participants. In addition, the paper conducts a comparative analysis of blockchain regulation in various jurisdictions, including the United States, the Cayman Islands and Singapore. By comparing regulatory regimes, it identifies trends, best practices, and ultimately a plethora of differences. It offers insight into regulatory preferences and implications for stakeholders, with an emphasis on business corporations and entrepreneurs in...
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Impact of leisure and social activites on quality of life among erderly in Europe - SHARE data analysis
Pluhařová, Markéta
Impact of leisure and social activites on quality of life among erderly in Europe - SHARE data analysis Abstract Due to demographic aging, the quality of life of an increasing proportion of seniors is becoming more important than ever. According to activity theory and the concept of active aging, active life is a way to experience good old age. The diploma thesis focuses on the impacts of leisure and social activities on the quality of life of elderly over 65 in 17 European countries. Sixth wave data from The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2015 and the easySHARE panel dataset are analyzed using binary regression analysis and multilevel modeling using binary regression analysis. The relationship of 11 selected activities, which were divided for the needs of this thesis into social, individual activities and activities aimed at helping others, and quality of life is controlled for socio-economic, demographic and health characteristics. Quality of life is meassured using the CASP-12 indicator. For social and individual activities, active elderly have a higher chance of a high quality of life (CASP-12 score> 39) than inactive. Elderly who do not provide personal care assistance to people from the same household also have a better chance than caregivers. Key words ageing, ageing of...
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Foreigners in the Czech Republic: history, trends and patterns
Stejskal, Jan ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Foreigners in the Czech Republic: history, trends and patterns Abstract This bachelor thesis focuses on foreigners legally residing in the Czech Republic from the demographic perspective. It is based primarily on data on foreigners that are available from public sources. It presents fundamental legal regulations that affect the residence of foreigners in Czechia, it also discusses the statistical registration of foreigners and the main sources of data about them. Attention is paid to the history of international migration in Czechia, to the development of the number of foreigners in Czechia, acquisition of Czech citizenship by foreigners and international protection in the Czech Republic. Space is also devoted to the demographic events and processes of foreigners, to their demographic patterns and the spatial distribution of foreigners in the Czech Republic. This thesis offers international comparisons of the number of foreigners with the member countries of the European Union. It also focuses on the Ukrainian refugee crisis that started in 2022. A new contribution of this thesis is analysis of mortality of foreigners and the structure of live births of foreigners in 2021 and 2022 including a comparison with the population of Czech citizens. It can serve as a basis for more more in-depth analysis in the...
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Religious conflicts in Europe - the model example of Judaism
Luňák, Václav ; Havlíček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lepič, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis is a thorough analysis of European religious conflicts over the last fifty years. It focuses on the study of their dynamics, causes and consequences. It also explores the significant relationship between the religious conflicts associated with Judaism in Europe and the political and religious situation in Israel and the surrounding states. It analyses how these conflicts affect the dynamics of political and religious relations between Europe and the Middle East. It pays particular attention to the role that the growing Muslim population in Europe plays in anti-Semitic religious conflicts and the implications of these developments for regional stability. Last but not least, the paper analyses the localization of conflicts in Europe, with an emphasis on Western Europe. It determines whether there is a greater concentration of religious conflicts associated with Judaism in this part and what factors influence this situation. The first part of the thesis provides a comprehensive overview of religious conflicts in geographically defined Europe, examining their historical development and analysing the involvement of different religions in these disputes. The next part of the thesis pays particular attention to conflicts directed against the Jewish community. The main part then...
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Right of action in collective proceedings
Just, Adam ; Sedláček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Holčapek, Tomáš (referee)
Right of action in collective proceedings Abstract This thesis is focused on the analysis of the persons with right of action and interested class members in collective proceedings and the draft law on collective proceedings going through the national legislative process, which is the transposition of Directive (EU) 2020/1828 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2020 on representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers and repealing Directive 2009/22/EC. The aim of the thesis is to assess the current readiness of the Czech legal environment to adopt the new institute coming from common law. The thesis is based on analysis, abstraction, classification, deduction and comparative analysis of several European countries. Appropriate de lege ferenda solutions are proposed. The first chapter of the thesis defines the institutes and notions of adversarial proceedings related to right of action and standing in the Czech legal environment.The second chapter is focused on the definition of collective proceedings. The chapter also includes an evaluation of the appropriate opt-in and opt-out model for national legal systems, concluding that the opt-in model is more appropriate for the Czech environment. The third chapter of the thesis presents concept of the right...
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Is vertebrate local biodiversity influenced by beaver activity?
Komár, Ondřej ; Munclinger, Pavel (advisor) ; Uhlíková, Jitka (referee)
Beavers (Castor spp.) are ecological engineers and keystone species thanks to their ability to significantly modify the landscape to suit their ecological needs. Beaver, however, do not only create suitable habitats for themselfs, but as well for the whole spectrum of other vertebrate species and thus they increase local species richness. Currently there are only two extant species of beaver, European beaver (Castor fiber) and North American beaver (Castor canadensis), but they do not differ in their ability to modify the local landscape under the same ecological conditions. The construction of a beaver dam on the water stream and the subsequent flooding of the landscape results in the creation of a beaver pond, which is suitable habitat for amphibians, freshwater turtles, water birds and shorebirds. Beavers also create suitable habitats for other semi-aquatic mammals such as muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) and Eurasian river otter (Lutra lutra). The efect of beaver activity on the local richness of fish species is complex and depends on the water stream characteristics, such as the stream gradient. Beaver dams can also limit the movement of migratory fish to some extent, but the dams do not represents an absolute migration barrier. Beaver do not just affect vertebrate communities inhabiting aquatic...
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Europeans in the U.S. in light of the 1920 census
Přenosil, Adam ; Velková, Alice (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
Europeans in the U.S. in light of the 1920 census Abstract This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of European immigrants in the United States in the early 20th century. The main objective is to analyze people born in Europe using already processed data for individual persons from the 1920 U.S. census. The population of European immigrants is first studied as a whole and then several national groups (Germans, Italians, Scandinavians, English, Irish, Jews and Poles) are defined and analyzed separately. The main object of the analysis is the sociodemographic structure of European immigrants with a primary focus on sex, age, occupation, urbanization, and literacy. The geographic distribution of European immigrants within the U.S. is also analyzed. In addition, the results of the analysis are compared with specialized literature. Keywords: U.S. census, Europeans, immigrants, immigration
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Use of Work of Art in the Internet Environment and Liability Relationships
Bradna, Jakub ; Žikovská, Petra (advisor) ; Holcová, Irena (referee)
Use of Work of Art in the Internet Environment and Liability Relationships Abstract This thesis deals with the use of work of art in the Internet Environment and liability relationships arising on the Internet. The thesis examines the essential concepts that accompany the use of works on the Internet, their historical development and context. In particular, the author's exclusive right of communication to the public, the violation of which gives rise to a copyright tort, or the definition of an Internet service provider (ISP) under various EU legal regimes. The thesis also offers a summary of the most important aspects of the most recent applicable EU digital legislation (DSM and DSA), as well as a reflection on lessons learned from the enforcement of previous digital legislation. The thesis defines the conditions for limiting the liability of ISPs, the so-called safe harbor, and the consequences of leaving the safe harbor. This thesis offers a comparison between the American and European concepts of safe harbor. The thesis describes the construction of the copyright tort that may arise after the loss of safe harbor protection, assuming that the ISP is directly or secondarily liable. The thesis offers a brief summary of unfair competition and criminal liability as well. This thesis pays particular attention...
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Zoochorous dispersal of vascular plants in the context of rewilding - study in the Milovice grazing reserve
Mádrová, Terezie ; Lepková, Barbora (advisor) ; Janíková, Eva (referee)
Seed dispersal is one of the most important mechanisms of plant population dynamics. One type of such dispersal is zoochory, i.e. the dispersal of seeds by animals, which is divided into two types - epizoochory (dispersal of seeds on the animal's body) and endozoochory (dispersal of seeds in the animal's digestive tract). For endozoochory in particular, the essential dispersers are large herbivores, which are one of the important elements defining the character and structure of vegetation and many species of which have disappeared from the European landscape as a result of human activity. Conservation management that uses the reintroduction of animal species to care for sites, is called rewilding. The non-profit organization Česká krajina deals with the reintroduction of large herbivores in our environment and established a reserve with horses (Equus ferus), European bison (Bison bonasus) and aurochs (Bos primigenus) in the former military area Milovice. My aim was to determine how these animals contribute to a local vegetation dynamics through zoochoric seed dispersal. I studied epizoochory using a germination experiment with the soil samples from under the so-called rubbing trees (by Heineken et al. 2006) from the spring of 2021. A total of 27 seedlings germinated from 120 soil samples, 85 % of...
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