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Employment experiences among people with schizophrenia
Nykl, Matěj ; Zábrodská, Kateřina (advisor) ; Šípová, Ivana (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the issue of work experiences and employment of individuals with schizophrenia. Research indicates that engagement in work activities can have a positive impact on the course of the illness, but employment is significantly more challenging for individuals with schizophrenia compared to the general population. Although most individuals with schizophrenia are interested in being employed, only a small proportion of them succeed in the long term. In the Czech context, this is a relatively unexplored issue, therefore there is a lack of knowledge about how people with schizophrenia experience their employment and what difficulties they face. The aim of this master's thesis is to further explore the work experiences of individuals with schizophrenia and to determine what specific factors they perceive as supportive or limiting for their involvement in paid employment. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into two main chapters, with the first one focusing on schizophrenia itself including its symptoms, prognosis, diagnosis, and the impacts of stigma. The subject of the second chapter is the possibilities of employment for individuals with schizophrenia, particularly the benefits associated with work, support mechanisms for this group, and their needs. The...
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Imaging algorithm in suspected non-accidental injury
Popelová, Eliška ; Kynčl, Martin (advisor) ; Burgetová, Andrea (referee) ; Jezberová, Michaela (referee)
Imaging algorithm in suspected non-accidental injury Abstract This thesis focuses on radiologic investigations in children with suspected non-accidental injury (NAI) with emphasis on children below two years of age. It is the first Czech ori- ginal and review work on this topic. The aim of this work is to evaluate current practise in Czech hospitals and to assess benefits of skeletal imaging in children younger than two years with suspected NAI. The theoretical part of the thesis presents a summary of up-to- -date information on radiologic imaging of children with suspected NAI and provides an overview of international expert literature. The empirical part of the thesis presents four scientific projects: a survey among Czech radiologists and three studies aimed at skeletal imaging in children with trauma suggestive of NAI. The results of these works show that evaluation of children with suspected NAI is not standardized and that skeletal imaging is not performed in all appropriate situations. At the same time, the results show that skele- tal imaging may show clinically occult fractures, while the effective dose is reasonably low. The thesis also brings suggestions for improvements and topics for further research. The appendices to this work include the recommendations Postavme se na stranu dětí....
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Creativity and music production: comparing the effect of musical improvisation with the effect of playing notes on divergent thinking
Pavlíková, Barbora ; Keřková, Barbora (advisor) ; Pešout, Ondřej (referee)
Creativity and the creative process can be fostered by many different factors. Based on previously conducted research, it is possible that improvisational practice can enhance performance on tests of divergent thinking. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of playing a musical instrument on divergent thinking in two groups of participants: improvising players and note players. As part of the research, I administered cognition tests (Trail Making Test and verbal fluency test) and the divergent thinking test (Alternative Uses Task, AUT) to the two groups of participants. The AUT was re-administered immediately following a 20-minute period of playing a musical instrument. I hypothesized that musical improvisation would lead to improved performance on the AUT test, with this improvement being statistically significantly greater than that of the note-playing group. Statistical analysis did not show an effect of playing a musical instrument on performance on the AUT test in either group of players. There was neither improvement nor deterioration in performance after playing a musical instrument in either group. There was a significant between-group difference in performance in the elaboration of answeres within the AUT administered after playing a musical instrument. The number of hours of...
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The impact of team autonomy, reflexivity and participation on employees' mental health
Mandousová, Michaela ; Šípová, Ivana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Jiří (referee)
Mental health is an important topic in the context of the work environment. Therefore, the thesis examines the impact of team autonomy, reflexivity, and participation on employees' mental health. The theoretical part focuses on the topic of mental health, the JD-R model, burnout syndrome, engagement, and team factors with a focus on autonomy, reflexivity, and participation. The empirical part aims to test whether team autonomy, reflexivity, and participation together with burnout syndrome score or work engagement are significant predictors of burnout syndrome and engagement measured one year apart. The data used to test the stated hypotheses were obtained within the framework of the international H-WORK project, which conducted a field-based longitudinal study. The project was initiated in response to growing mental health problems in the working population in Europe. This paper uses data from two companies that underwent restructuring during the project. Because of this, there was a large drop out. The data in the research part, which was subjected to linear regression analysis, was collected from 59 respondents. The results did not support the stated hypotheses. This result may be influenced by several factors, such as the high experimental mortality already mentioned. Key words: mental health;...
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Semi-automatic approach to secondary sex diagnosis Rdss (Santos, 2021): Applicability in an archaeological sample
Galovičová, Tereza ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Galeta, Patrik (referee)
The new R package rdss (Santos, 2021) aims to facilitate and fast track secondary sex diagnosis in large archaeological assemblages. This thesis is focused on evaluating the applicability of this new package in a real burial site dataset, as it has not yet been evaluated in this way. The applicability of the package was evaluated by comparing the results of sex diagnosis of a set of 307 adult individuals from the burial site at the 3rd church of the Great Moravian settlement in Mikulčice with the results of evaluation of the same set of individuals in previous studies by Stloukal (1967) and Zazvonilova and colleagues (2020). Using four methods of primary sex diagnosis, sex was estimated at a posterior probability level of 0.95 for 234 individuals (76.2% of the evaluated population). Secondary sex diagnosis using the rdss package estimated sex at a posterior probability level of 0.95 for 37 individuals (12.1% of the evaluated population). The total number of estimated individuals was 271 (88.3% of the evaluated population). This yield of sex diagnosis was comparable to the yield in the previous two studies. The three studies were compared using the masculinity index, which showed the same trend of male predominance over female in the population in all three cases. The agreement of the frequencies of...
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New possibilities to distinguish monozygotic twins
Letková, Kristína ; Kulichová, Iva (advisor) ; Priehodová, Edita (referee)
The necessity of distinguishing monozygotic twins from a genetic point of view is important not only for determining paternity, when it is decided which of two identical twins is the father, but also, for example, for criminal cases, where it is necessary to identify the perpetrator who is one of the monozygotic twins. In addition to analyzing and evaluating molecular biological methods, the work also deals with monozygotic twins themselves, their emergence and the causes of their emergence. The topic affects both forensic genetics and medical fields.
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Seasonal dynamics of physiological parameters of Norway spruce needles in mountain forest in relation to water balance of the forest site
Bednář, Pavel ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Gebauer, Roman (referee)
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is an important economic tree species in the Czech Republic, which is currently significantly weakened and dying under the impacts of climate change. In young spruce forest stand in mountain region that was artificially established after the large-scale disturbance of forests in the mid-1990s, on the "U Dvou louček" research plot represented by a small forest catchment of an area of 32.6 ha, located in the upper part of the Orlické Mountains at an altitude of 880 - 920 m a.s.l., and in site conditions of predominantly Abieti-fageta piceae - water balance measurements were carried out during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. At the same time, during the mentioned two years, in total 6 samplings of biological material were carried out according to a standardized sampling methodology, and laboratory analyzes were carried out on this material. Laboratory analyzes were focused on three established age categories of needles, namely 1, 2, and 4 or more years old. The biophysical parameters of needles were determined based on the measurement of structural parameters and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments - chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids from samples extracted in DMF using a laboratory spectrophotometer. Optical properties of the needles...
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Comparison of alternative forms of cohabitation in the Czech Republic and France
Houdková, Sylvie ; Lederer, Vít (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
Comparison of alternative forms of cohabitation in the Czech Republic and France Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to provide a detailed and systematic view of different types of alternative forms of cohabitation in two different countries, in the Czech Republic and in France, using descriptive, analytical and comparative methods. This thesis is divided into six parts. First three parts are focused on French legislation. The first part introduces the French legal order and its liberal approach to homosexuality in general and to various forms of cohabitation. The second part describes in detail the Civil Solidarity Pact, registered partnership of its kind, its development over the years, as well as main reasons of its rising popularity in French society. It also provides a brief comparison with the institution of marriage in order to fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of the Civil Solidarity Pact. The third part of this thesis is concerned with concubinage, a very informal alternative form of cohabitation, also embodied in French legal order. The following fourth and fifth parts describe the conservative approach of the Czech Republic to various forms of cohabitation over the years and their main advantages and disadvantages in comparison with France. It points to the division of...
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Effect of M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH - immunohistochemical analysis
Hušková, Eliška ; Němečková, Ivana (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Eliska Huskova Supervisor: RNDr. Ivana Nemeckova, Ph.D. Title of thesis: The impact of M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH - immunohistochemical analysis Introduction and aim of the study: The liver is an organ with many important functions in the body, such as detoxification and regulation of lipid metabolism. Impairment of these processes can lead to NASH, a disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, characterized by inflammation and accumulation of fat droplets in the liver. Studies focused on NASH are important for understanding the pathophysiology and developing new therapeutic strategies. The use of mouse models allows the investigation of pathogenesis and testing of different therapeutic approaches. This study examines the effect of the anti-endoglin antibody M1043 on the expression of inflammatory markers in a mouse model of NASH. Methodology: Mice were fed a diet inducing NASH and divided into two groups, one receiving rat IgG antibody and the other one, receiving the anti-endoglin antibody M1043. The livers were collected and processed using immunohistochemical...
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Using the principles of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization in patients with scoliosis
Derflová, Lenka ; Plevová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Weissová, Eliška (referee)
Name: Lenka Derflová Supervisor: Ing. Kristýna Plevová Title: Using the principles of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization in patients with scoliosis Abstract: The bachelor's thesis deals with the problem of idiopathic scoliosis in adults, treatment options and physiotherapeutic approaches with a strong focus on Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS). The bachelor's thesis aims to design a therapeutic unit with elements based on the principles of DNS, application of the unit and subsequent evaluation of the therapeutic procedure and benefits for patients. The theoretical part of the thesis describes scoliosis, its classification, examination and therapeutic options, then the concept of DNS, its principles, application and testing, and finally a special examination focused on scoliosis and the condition of the deep spinal stabilization system (DSSS). The practical part consists of two case studies, including an initial and an output kinesiological examination and a physiotherapeutic intervention. The final comprehensive exit examination after six months of therapy and home exercise shows positive changes in some postural and motor aspects in the patients. The most significant improvements were noted in the areas of DSSS involvement and function, trunk stabilization, postural stability, balance and...
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