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Modelling of human palate surface development from 7 years to adulthood
Moravec, Tomáš ; Bejdová, Šárka (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the differences in the development of the palate in girls and boys within five age groups in the age range of 7 to 19 years, using methods of geometric morphometry. Furthermore, the work deals with the monitoring of sexual dimorphism in the development of the palate. Understanding palate growth, knowledge of differences in its development and changes related to sexual dimorphism are very useful, as the results of this study will serve as a comparative standard for palate defects in the Czech population, but also for appropriate planning of orthodontic procedures. The material consists of 228 gypsum castings of palate without any pathologies, 112 of which belonged to boys and 116 girls of the Czech population. Thus, transverse data are used in our study. The subjects were divided into five age groups 7, 10, 12, 15 and 19 with respect to gender. Age changes of the entire palate surface were modeled using geometric morphometry methods (Coherent point drift - Dense correspondence analysis, Per vertex T- test and Principal component analysis). To visualize the results, superprojection color maps, maps of significance and superprojection. The results show the greatest variability in the form of palate in girls of groups 10 and 12 years and in boys of groups 10 years, and...
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Facial asymmetry and its changes from 3 to 15 years of age:tranversal study
Korbelová, Tereza ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
Human face is not perfectly symmetrical, slight asymmetry is common in every individual in early childhood. The thesis deals with the evaluation of facial asymmetry in children aged 3 to 15 years on a transversal data set. As a material was used three-dimensional virtual models of the faces of children from Prague and Central Bohemia. The database contained 442 3D facial scans of girls and 396 3D facial scans of boys, divided into the following age categories: 3 - 5 years (116 girls, 98 boys), 6 - 8 years (117 girls, 100 boys), 9 - 11 years (80 girls, 80 boys) and 12 - 15 years (129 girls, 118 boys). Geometric morphometry methods were used to analyze the data, comparing the morphometric data of the corresponding paired structures on the left and right sides of the original image with its mirror counterpart. The results were visualized using super-projected color maps and significance maps. In both sexes, right-side protrusion of facial structures was found in all age categories, which was the assumption of the first hypothesis. The only exception was the nose area in boys aged 12-15. Significant asymmetry of the forehead area was observed in the youngest children and it diminished with age and receded laterally. On the contrary, asymmetry of the cheeks area occurred in older children, later in...
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The growth of Czech patients with achondroplasia and the possibilities of predicting the growth of individual body segments
Anýžová, Tereza ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Moslerová, Veronika (referee)
Introduction: Achondroplasia is the most common bone dysplasia. It is caused by mutations in the FGFR3 gene, which is involved in regulation of proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes on the growth plates. Activating mutation results in impaired endochondral ossification and a wide range of symptoms: severe growth disorder with limb shortening, macrocephaly with risk of hydrocephalus, mid-facial dysplasia, sleep apnea, narrowing of the spinal canal, increased risk of respiratory complications, and airway inflammation. The current rapid technological development has led to a better understanding of the processes of epiphyseal growth cartilage, thus enabling the development of new drugs for the treatment of this disorder (modified CNP, soluble FGFR3, meclozine). Nevertheless, current treatment is primarily symptomatic. It is very important to have a growth patterns of patients with achondroplasia who have not been affected by any growth promoting treatment (prolongation surgery, growth hormone). Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth of Czech patients with achondroplasia, to compare our data with the world-wide used data by Horton et al. (1978) and the current data by del Pino et al. (2018). The next aim was to verify the accuracy of the multiplier method of final height...
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Characteristics of the tibiofemoral angle, rearfoot angle and plantar arch in healthy children aged 6 to 15 years
Morvová, Zuzana ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
The aim of this work was to create reference data, to determine the variability of rearfoot angle for the use in orthopaedic practice and to evaluate the age variations of rearfoot angle from 6 to 15 years. We further focused on the relationship between tibiofemoral angle, rearfoot angle, and height of the foot arch. Finally, we examined the dependence of tibiofemoral angle, rearfoot angle and foot arch on BMI and body height, both in absolute values and SD score. We measured 120 healthy school children aged 6 to 14,99 years. Based on the chronological age the children were divided into three age categories: 6-8,99 years, 9-10,99 years and 11-14,99 years. The data were collected from March to November 2017 at three selected primary schools in Prague and Rudná, with the approval of the headquarters of those primary schools and of parents. Methods included anthropometric measurement (height, sitting height, weight), making of static footprints of both feet on paper by a plantograph, and taking photographs of lower limbs to measure tibiofemoral angle and rearfoot angle. The foot arch height was calculated using the Chippaux-Šmiřák index. Anthropometric points for tibiofemoral angle and rearfoot angle were marked on probands with a thin marker and then measured by a protractor from photographs. Each...
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Variability and developmental changes of human face between 3 and 15 years: longitudinal and transversal approach
Moštková, Miroslava ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
- 1 - Abstract The intent of this thesis is to evaluate the differences in facial morphology of children between 3 and 15 years of age based on 3D facial models and cross-sectional data. Due to improper use of cross-sectional data for studying growth, the next part of the thesis is focused on the comparison of cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches in research. The longitudinal observation of facial developmental changes can be considered as actual growth. The cross-sectional database contains 839 3D facial models (397 boys, 442 girls). Three previously published longitudinal databases were used for comparison. Their age intervals were as follows: 3 to 6 years (12 boys, 14 girls), 6 to 12 years (15 boys, 18 girls), 12 to 15 years (23 boys, 22 girls). Geometric morphometric methods were used to analyse facial models (Coherent Point Drift - Dense Correspondance Analysis, Per Vertex T-Test and Principal Component Analysis). The results were visualized using superimposition colour maps, shell distance significance maps and their interlacing. When annual consecutive age intervals were used for cross-sectional data, we could not observe the fluency of differences in facial morphology between age categories, which we can observe during actual growth. When wider age intervals were used for cross-sectional...
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