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Raci v měnících se biotických a abiotických podmínkách
VESELÝ, Lukáš
Abiotic and biotic factors directly or indirectly influence physiology, behaviour, ecology and the distribution of organisms. This thesis provides unique results in terms of the ability of crayfish to cope with a series of these abiotic and biotic factors. Successful overwintering is key factor facilitating establishment and spread of non-indigenous species. We provide experimental evidence of substantial resistance of three out of four warm water crayfish species to the low water temperatures tested in our study. To sum up, red swamp crayfish together with yabby demonstrated high survival in experimental conditions and exhibited feeding activity even during the coldest part of the experiment. Marbled crayfish suffered high mortality, but a single specimen of survived. Redclaw is expected not to pose a risk for the European temperate zone in the near future. Drought is an important factor for freshwater organisms determining their success in a given ecosystem. One of the strategies how to survive drought are an elevated desiccation capacity and burrowing ability. We evaluated the ability of three European native and five non-native crayfish to survive and burrow in a humid sandy-clayey substrate under a simulated one-week drought. Survival of non-native species was substantially higher, being absolute in the red swamp crayfish and yabby. Red swamp crayfish and marbled crayfish constructed bigger and deeper burrows than yabby and spiny-cheek crayfish. Three native species (noble crayfish, narrow-clawed crayfish and stone crayfish) suffered extensive mortalities. The native species and signal crayfish exhibited no ability to burrow under drought conditions. Marbled crayfish are a successful invader, capable of colonization new habitats. It is also established in the wild of Ukraine and pet-traded in Eastern Europe. If released, it might pose a risk to populations of native crayfish that also inhabit saline ecosystems of the Black, Azov and Caspian Sea. We conducted the first study on salinity tolerance in marbled crayfish. In summary, marbled crayfish are probably unable to invade saline ecosystems due to its low survival, reduced growth and inhibited reproduction. Nevertheless, it showed an ability to withstand the highest salinity for an extended period of time, opening a possibility for its spread to other freshwaters via this corridor. Also, a short generation time might lead to local adaptations to saline environments in the future. Yabby demonstrated an ability to withstand simulated low winter temperatures, opening the question of its potential establishment in the region of Central Europe. To successfully do so, yabby would have to deal with present strains (A, B, and E) of Aphanomyces astaci, a causative agent of crayfish plague, a devastating disease to all crayfish not originating from North America. Our comparative study revealed the ability to survive (strain A) or delay the effects (strains B and E) of crayfish plague compared to native noble crayfish. Our result, highlights a high potential for its establishment in temperate Europe. As a prominent invader, it may cause negative impacts on entire ecosystems and contribute to the spread of crayfish plague in Europe. Nowadays, organisms face multiple global drivers influencing the strength of links in food webs. Altogether, we found that predator identity, prey density, and temperature all affect trophic and non-trophic interaction strengths. Effects of prey density were always independent of temperature and predator identity in trophic as well as non-trophic interaction strength. On the other hand, the magnitude of responses in trophic as well as non-trophic interaction strengths varied strongly across predator pairs and temperatures. Based on the current evidence, we could not find strong support for a general mechanism underlying the dependence of interaction strengths on species traits and environmental conditions. Therefore, other studies are need it.
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The Analysis - Estimate of Non-batlle Civilian Deaths of Armed Conflicts in Sudan: a Darfur Case
Veselý, Lukáš ; Tomeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Kofroň, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the impact of military conflicts on the local population in the case of Darfur conflict. Mainly, it should focus on the number of casualties resulting from the military conflicts in terms of direct and indirect. The work will try to find the answer to two questions. Firstly, it should cover whether the number of indirect casualties resulting from worsening living conditions (such as displacement) dramatically exceeded the number of people died during fighting or one-side violence. And what is the significance of displacement in terms of the death rate. The thesis is divided into two main chapters. The first chapter concentrates on the discussion created by the contemporary literature in the topic of impacts of military conflicts on the affected population. Furthermore, the next part explores the origins and the development of the conflict. On the other hand, the second chapter analysis the actual impacts of the conflicts on the local population, and discusses the results. Key words Armed conflicts, non-battle deaths, refugee camps, Sudan, Darfur
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Fiscal rules in selected EU countries between 2004-2015: sensible method for consolidation of public finances or fad of politicians?
Veselý, Lukáš ; Strejček, Ivo (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
The subject of fiscal rules is very topical issue. The rise of public debt in certain developed countries resulted in what is sometimes called "debt crisis". Debt of those countries which is higher than their annual gross domestic product is viewed as unpayable by some economists. The main objective of this thesis has been to prove or disprove hypothesis that the fiscal rules studied in this paper are an effective solution for public finance consolidation. This verification was based on the analysis of fiscal rules functioning in selected countries between 2004 and 2015. As per results of analysis the paper aims to give recommendations for the Czech financial constitution proposal. The actual results of inquiry proved the hypothesis. Well-chosen fiscal rules are the right way towards fiscal consolidation, provided they are observed. Fiscal rules making thus requires an emphasis to be placed on the well-formulated exit clauses altogether with prospective sanctions. The current Czech financial constitution proposal is built on the correctly picked fiscal rule type, although the reference value lacks economic sense and it would not lead, with a high degree of probability, towards fiscal consolidation.
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Automatic Generator of Diacritics
Veselý, Lukáš ; Sumec, Stanislav (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
The goal of this diploma work is the suggestion and the implementation of the application, which allows adding / removing of diacritics into / from Czech written text. Retrieval "trie" structure is described along with its relation to finite state automata. Further, algorithm for minimization of finite state automata is described and various methods for adding diacritics are discussed. In practical part the implementation in Java programming language with usage of object-oriented approach is given. Achieved results are evaluated and analysed in the conclusion.
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Business Plan for Establishment of Mystery Shopping Consulting Company
Veselý, Lukáš ; Ptáček, Roman (referee) ; Šimberová, Iveta (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with a business plan for establishment of mystery shopping consulting company. The theoretical part of the work describes theoretical background needed for the development of the business plan. Theoretical background of the mystery shopping is also described. The practical part of the work contains analyses of internal and external environment of the new venture. Based on the theoretical background and on the results of the analysis the new business plan is introduced.
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Optimizing Processes in the Customer Support Department
Veselý, Lukáš ; Vobecký, Tomáš (referee) ; Kříž, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with an optimalization of the Escalation process in the customer support department in the company Centrum služeb s.r.o. It contains the analysis of the current process and theoretical knowledge to propose a new solution. The proposed solution is a website based application, which automates the process and decreases the time to resolve customers requests.
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Production of a presentation article using the CAD/CAM technology
Veselý, Lukáš ; Kalivoda, Milan (referee) ; Sedlák, Josef (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with general terminology and technology of machining - particularly milling with description of tool materials for cutting tools. Part of thesis is creating scheme and model of presentation object with software Autodesk Inventor Professional 2010. Last part of thesis is focused on creating a blueprint and machining strategy with CAM software PowerMill v. 9, verification of created lanes creation itself on vertical milling machine FV 25 CNC with guiding system Heidenhain iTNC 530.
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