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The impact of media on judicial determination in cases of traffic crimes
Klouda, Petr ; Urban, Michal (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
Media influence over court rulings in traffic crime cases The aim of this thesis is to analyze the way media report about traffic crimes and provide a comparison between cases that attracted media attention and cases that didn't. The author investigates the possibility that courts are influenced in thein decision making by the general public, the opinion of which is shaped mostly by mass media outlets which unfortunately often release speculations as proven facts. To demonstrate the possibility of media influence to the reader, the author compares similar cases and shows how different the court ruling was when the case wasn't a subject of attention of mass media. Part of this analysis consists of a letter to the judge who presided over one of such cases, the incident on D1 motorway in 2010. The conclusion is that there's potential for such influence, but it's impossible to be absolutely certain that it already exists. The threat of such influence will, however, grow over time as new technologies are introduced, that make it very easy to spread information and consume it. In a newly forming information society, the ability to influence anything ranging from minor court battles to elections is considerably increased and poses a potential threat to the impartiality of courts, which is vital to a modern...
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Enantioselective synthesis of spiro compounds
Urban, Michal ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Kotora, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the preparation of enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure spirocompounds using asymmetric organocatalysis. The first part is focused on the enantioselective synthesis of spirocompounds by organocatalytic reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with sulfur heterocyclic compounds catalysed with secondary amines. It is a domino Michael/Michael/aldol reaction using iminium and enamine activation. The second part is focused on the subsequent transformation of the prepared spirocompounds.
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Relation of destructivity and Law
Miškaňová, Ľudmila ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Urban, Michal (referee)
- The relationship between destructiveness and law This thesis deals with the relationship between destructiveness and law. The aim of the thesis is to describe the destructiveness, its manifestations in society and its relationship to the law. To describe the topic I used findings of Fromm, Baumann, Lorenzo, Elias, Arendt, Karstedt and other psychologists, sociologists, social psychologists, criminologists and philosophers. Chapter One and chapter Two focuse on the concept of aggression and destructiveness and their manifestations in our society, as they are an integral part of it. In addition, culture and aggression constantly interact with each other. Western culture condemns violence, but the question is whether this refusal is sufficiently reflected in all areas of social life, for example when it comes to domestic violence, bullying or potential dangers of the presentation of violence in the media. Chapter Three examines rate of violence and violent crime and the suitability of Czech legislation in terms of its ability to maintain the lowest possible level of these rates. An important finding is that not only law, but also other normative systems and social institutions take part in protecting the society from violence. I also consider the influence of democracy and individualization and...
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Interaction studies of MEK inhibitors and Cytochrome P450 3A4
Urban, Michal ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Nová, Alice (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Mgr. Michal Urban Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Interaction studies of MEK inhibitors and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Objective of our work was to introduce a new method for detection of CYP3A4 inhibition effect of potentially therapeutical compounds. CYP3A4 is the main biotransformation enzyme of 50% current drugs in clinical use and its inhibition may lead to the plasma levels increase of other coadministered drugs which may result in various drug- drug interactions and potentially life threatening adverse effects. Potential of a drug candidate to cause severe pharmacokinetic interactions may be a reason of the clinical trials suspension or withdrawal of a medicinal product from the market and therefore it is essential to determine pharmacokinetic profile of drug candidates at early stages of the development. In addition, we focused on study of interaction potential of MEK1/2 inhibitors PD0325901, PD184352 and U0126 known to inhibit Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway playing an important role in the oncogenesis of various malignancies. Due to the fact that some of these MEK1/2 inhibitors have already entered clinical trials it is absolutely crucial to study...
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Harassment in the workplace
Marková, Tereza ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Urban, Michal (referee)
My master's degree thesis concerns with bullying in the workplace, which is long-lasting psychological terror of employees. For the bullying in the workplace, there are two specific terms used in Czech language, mobbing and bossing, according to a person, who is causer of bullying in the workpace. If the aggressor is a collegue of a victim of the bullying, we speak about mobbing. If the victim is bullied by his or her boss, we use the term bossing. My thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part with the description of the problem of bulling in the workplace and the research, which was made by question-form. The theoretical part is composed of four chapters. Chapter one deals with bullying in general, its causes and with terminology used for bullying in the workplace. The second chapter describes mobbing, its typical features, causes, phases and illustrates personalities of aggressor and his or her victim. It also makes recommendation for prevention of mobbing, gives advice, how to defend against mobbing and provides examples of typical attacks. This chapter also concentrates on consequences of bullying in the workplace, which can be very serious, because the bullying in the workplace can damage mental condition of the victim, cause the employer material damage and destroy the...
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Dollfuss and Schuschnigg,s Austria - case study of authoritarian regime
Lisý, Marek ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Urban, Michal (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the authoritarian regime in Austria in the period between the two world wars. This thesis consists of three chapters. The first is the theoretical basis of this work, as I present the various concepts of authoritarian and totalitarian regime. The second chapter then follows the developments in Austria since the end of World War II until the fall of democracy. The focus of this work is the third and final chapter, which analyzes the authoritarian regime between the years 1933-1938. Based on the information provided I am giving an answer to the question what was the specific character of the Austrian regime for government of Chancellor Dollfuss and Schuschnigg, and why there was a fall of democracy in the conclusion.
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Vliv exprese SERCA3 na buněčnou diferenciaci u prekurzorových B-buněk akutní lymfoblastické leukémie
Urban, Michal ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Červený, Lukáš (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Michal Urban Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, PhD Title of diploma thesis: Cellular differentiation analysis using SERCA3 protein expression in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia In this work our objective was to investigate an interconnection between calcium homeostasis and process of cellular differentiation in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell lines. After using phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), a known cell differentiation inducer we studied the expression levels of Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPases (SERCA proteins), calcium pumps which transport calcium from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum. We used two cancer cell lines RCH-ACV and KASUMI-2 for our experiments. After the induction of cellular differentiation we determined SERCA expression levels by Western blot using PLIM430 and IID8 as anti-SERCA monoclonal antibodies that recognize SERCA2 and SERCA3, two SERCA isoforms. Our results showed that induction of cellular differentiation led only to an increase of SERCA3 expression levels, whereas SERCA2 remained mostly unchanged. That can imply that treatment causes selective expression of only one isoform and thus may propose SERCA3 as a...
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Effective Strategies of Forming Legal Consciousness of Upper-Secondary School Students
Urban, Michal ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The presented PhD. thesis deals with effective strategies of forming legal consciousness of upper-secondary school students, and with methods that can be used for developing it. So far, legal scholars have paid only insufficient attention to this topic, even though many law experts have repeatedly pointed out its importance. Moreover, they stress the fact that a more detailed understanding of legal consciousness of citizens and of ways of influencing it can help us better understand how law works within the society. The thesis opens with the theoretical part, which defines the concept of legal consciousness, describes its level captured by the available empirical research and identifies effective strategies, which possess the potential to cultivate legal consciousness of the youth. In the following practical part, the author seeks to verify effectiveness of these strategies by means of student questionnaires, interviews with teachers and observations of their lessons. The theoretical part firstly introduces legal consciousness as the basic concept of the whole thesis. The first chapter presents the understanding of legal consciousness as one of the key terms of every law because it connects the world of law in books with the world of law actually experienced by people on day to day basis. Legal...
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Synthesis of chiral secondary amines useful as organocatalysts
Urban, Michal ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Drahoňovský, Dušan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the preparation of chiral secondary amines, which are used as catalysts in many chemical transformations leading to enantimerically pure compounds. The emphasis of this work is placed on the comparison of the effectiveness of published syntheses those organocatalysts. The first part focuses on the comparison of efficiency and optimization of two methods of preparation Jørgensen's catalyst, the first approach is based on the Z-protected (S)-proline, and in the second approach as starting material was used. The second part deals with the preparation of other Jørgensen's and Hayashi's types of catalysts, via introduction of various silyl functional groups.
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