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Segmental structure of Mandarin syllable
Třísková, Hana ; Heřmanová, Zdenka (advisor) ; Volín, Jan (referee) ; Uher, David (referee)
This dissertation concerns itself with the segmental syllable of Mandarin, i.e., of standard Chinese as codified in P.R.C. and known as putonghua. While it leaves aside the aspect of tone it explores all major topics related to the phonological and phonetic description of the isolated Mandarin segmental syllable and the ways in which they are treated in broad literature, both Chinese and Western. We approach the subject from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a second language (TCSL), where mastering the syllabary (cca 400 segmental syllables, 1300 tonic syllables) represents a crucial basic step. Poor command of the pronunciation of isolated syllables will inevitably have a detrimental effect on the spoken language competence of a student. Because the pinyin romanization system (developed in P.R.C., officially approved in 1958) assumedly is the only feasible phonological system for the paedagogical purposes, the present dissertation does not aspire to establish any new phonological interpretation of the Mandarin syllable (although some attempts will be made). After making a broad comparison of existing analyses and their pros and cons, we strive to explore the solutions most convenient for the purposes of teaching pronunciation.Along with accepting pinyin as a phonological background, we advocate for a...
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Word-class flexibility in classical Chinese: verbal and adverbial uses of nouns
Zádrapa, Lukáš ; Lomová, Olga (advisor) ; Uher, David (referee) ; Behr, Wolfgang (referee)
The central topic of this thesis is the verbal and the adverbial use of nouns in Classical Chinese (5th - 3 rd c. BC), which is labelled as hu6yong in the traditional Chinese philology. However, a summary of previous research on the phenomenon both in Chinese and in Western languages and above all a theoretical introduction to the issues of word classes in this isolating language represent an integral part of the thesis. Importantly, its aim is not to present an exhaustive treatise about the phenomenon, but to offer a new perspective, to reformulate the questions related to it and to exploit a recent generally linguistic theoretical framework - namely cognitive linguistics - for its description. On its basis, I endeavour to integrate my own observations obtained from the linguistic material and those of my predecessors, provided they are not too much biased by special features of the theories they employed, and to make use of the knowhow of the disciplines associated with hu6yong. If we put aside the most general ones, like syntax, semantics and lexicology, it concerns mainly an interrelated mUltidisciplinary net including e.g. theory of word formation, theory of interpretation of novel expressions, terminography, pragmatics, stylistics, sociolinguistics, or psycho linguistics. Besides this, it is possible...
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Ethnicity in China - Who are the Hui and who are the Dungan?
Horálek, Adam ; Šatava, Leoš (advisor) ; Uher, David (referee)
Ethnicity in China - Who are the Hui and Who are the Dungan? The thesis has three main objectives: (1) to develop a concept appropriate for the comparison of different ethnicities, (2) to use this concept to identify differences of ethnicity in China, and (3) to analyse these differences in the cases of the Huis and the Dungans. The second section postulates the concept of ethnicity as a secondary identity, and this becomes the main theoretical and methodological frame of the work. Six primary identities and dimensions, that together form the components of ethnicity, are discussed. Policy, which is interpreted as a context of ethnicity, and (ethno)culture, understood as an expression of ethnicity, are not seen as components. The concept enables the comparison of distinct perceptions (emic) and qualitative atributes (etic) of ethnicity from six main perspectives. The third chapter is focused on ethnicity and the ethnic policies of China. The central objective is to define a Chinese official category minzu, its position in the context of European concepts of ethnicity and nation, and its comparison with the concept of nation in the Soviet tradition, which represents minzu's template. Minzu is interpreted, unlike most other concepts, as an ethnic group rather than a nation, and is seen as a political...
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Tone realization differences in Hanoian and Saigonese dialects between reading and semi-spontaneous speech
Slówik, Ondřej ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Uher, David (referee) ; Skarnitzl, Radek (referee)
The chief objective of this dissertation is the description of tone realization differences in Hanoian and Saigonese dialects based on a representative sample of recorded material, with special focus on read monologue and semi-spontaneous conversational speech. The research discusses mainly issues of tone production but it is complemented by a section on tone perception in form of a perception test. The theoretical background in Section 2.1. describes the topic of tonality and tonal languages in general. Section 2.2. is devoted to the description of the Vietnamese language and attention is specifically paid to tonal inventories of both researched dialects. Tonogenesis is mentioned on a general level as well as in the Vietnamese language in particular. Chapter 3 introduces the research methodology, namely the speaker selection, speech material preparation and recording, data extraction and preparation for the analyses and the perception test. Chapter 4 is divided into three sections. Section 4.1. speaks about tone realizations in isolation and carefully preselected context. Its goal is to investigate the behaviour of tonal contours influenced by as few variables as possible. The results should be comparable to the findings of previously conducted studies. Section 4.2. strives to assess data from a...
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Ethnicity in China - Who are the Hui and who are the Dungan?
Horálek, Adam ; Šatava, Leoš (advisor) ; Uher, David (referee)
Ethnicity in China - Who are the Hui and Who are the Dungan? The thesis has three main objectives: (1) to develop a concept appropriate for the comparison of different ethnicities, (2) to use this concept to identify differences of ethnicity in China, and (3) to analyse these differences in the cases of the Huis and the Dungans. The second section postulates the concept of ethnicity as a secondary identity, and this becomes the main theoretical and methodological frame of the work. Six primary identities and dimensions, that together form the components of ethnicity, are discussed. Policy, which is interpreted as a context of ethnicity, and (ethno)culture, understood as an expression of ethnicity, are not seen as components. The concept enables the comparison of distinct perceptions (emic) and qualitative atributes (etic) of ethnicity from six main perspectives. The third chapter is focused on ethnicity and the ethnic policies of China. The central objective is to define a Chinese official category minzu, its position in the context of European concepts of ethnicity and nation, and its comparison with the concept of nation in the Soviet tradition, which represents minzu's template. Minzu is interpreted, unlike most other concepts, as an ethnic group rather than a nation, and is seen as a political...
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Ethnicity in China - Who are the Hui and who are the Dungan?
Horálek, Adam ; Šatava, Leoš (advisor) ; Uher, David (referee) ; Wicherkiewicz, Tomasz (referee)
Ethnicity in China - Who are the Hui and Who are the Dungan? The thesis has three main objectives: (1) to develop a concept appropriate for the comparison of different ethnicities, (2) to use this concept to identify differences of ethnicity in China, and (3) to analyse these differences in the cases of the Huis and the Dungans. The second section postulates the concept of ethnicity as a secondary identity, and this becomes the main theoretical and methodological frame of the work. Six primary identities and dimensions, that together form the components of ethnicity, are discussed. Policy, which is interpreted as a context of ethnicity, and (ethno)culture, understood as an expression of ethnicity, are not seen as components. The concept enables the comparison of distinct perceptions (emic) and qualitative atributes (etic) of ethnicity from six main perspectives. The third chapter is focused on ethnicity and the ethnic policies of China. The central objective is to define a Chinese official category minzu, its position in the context of European concepts of ethnicity and nation, and its comparison with the concept of nation in the Soviet tradition, which represents minzu's template. Minzu is interpreted, unlike most other concepts, as an ethnic group rather than a nation, and is seen as a political...
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Book of Laozi. A translation with philological notes
Sehnal, David ; Švarcová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Zádrapa, Lukáš (referee) ; Uher, David (referee)
This disertation represents an annotated translation of one of the most important Old Chinese philosophical texts, the Book of Laozi. The translation in based on a detailed linguistic analysis of the text. The author has analyzed all of the cca 5000 words contained in the text and under each of them he presents his own understanding of its meaning and its syntactic function in the given context. In the Preface the author explains the basic methodological principles, renders the structure of the text and gives its short philosophical characteristics. In the main part of the disertation, i. e. the translation with the philological notes, every chapter is introduced with a brief summary in which the author reveals its possible philosophical message. It is followed by the original Old Chinese text with marked rhyming words and its Czech translation which reflects the text as close as possible. Next to it is the philological commentary in which the author presents the results of his linguistic analysis in a transparent way. The appendix of this disertation is a vocabulary of the lexemes found in Laozi. The material obtained through the linguistic analysis is organized into head words and word clusters according to individual lexemes and their syntactic functions. The volabulary is the first attempt of this kind...
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Segmental structure of Mandarin syllable
Třísková, Hana ; Heřmanová, Zdenka (advisor) ; Volín, Jan (referee) ; Uher, David (referee)
This dissertation concerns itself with the segmental syllable of Mandarin, i.e., of standard Chinese as codified in P.R.C. and known as putonghua. While it leaves aside the aspect of tone it explores all major topics related to the phonological and phonetic description of the isolated Mandarin segmental syllable and the ways in which they are treated in broad literature, both Chinese and Western. We approach the subject from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a second language (TCSL), where mastering the syllabary (cca 400 segmental syllables, 1300 tonic syllables) represents a crucial basic step. Poor command of the pronunciation of isolated syllables will inevitably have a detrimental effect on the spoken language competence of a student. Because the pinyin romanization system (developed in P.R.C., officially approved in 1958) assumedly is the only feasible phonological system for the paedagogical purposes, the present dissertation does not aspire to establish any new phonological interpretation of the Mandarin syllable (although some attempts will be made). After making a broad comparison of existing analyses and their pros and cons, we strive to explore the solutions most convenient for the purposes of teaching pronunciation.Along with accepting pinyin as a phonological background, we advocate for a...
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Word-class flexibility in classical Chinese: verbal and adverbial uses of nouns
Zádrapa, Lukáš ; Lomová, Olga (advisor) ; Uher, David (referee) ; Behr, Wolfgang (referee)
The central topic of this thesis is the verbal and the adverbial use of nouns in Classical Chinese (5th - 3 rd c. BC), which is labelled as hu6yong in the traditional Chinese philology. However, a summary of previous research on the phenomenon both in Chinese and in Western languages and above all a theoretical introduction to the issues of word classes in this isolating language represent an integral part of the thesis. Importantly, its aim is not to present an exhaustive treatise about the phenomenon, but to offer a new perspective, to reformulate the questions related to it and to exploit a recent generally linguistic theoretical framework - namely cognitive linguistics - for its description. On its basis, I endeavour to integrate my own observations obtained from the linguistic material and those of my predecessors, provided they are not too much biased by special features of the theories they employed, and to make use of the knowhow of the disciplines associated with hu6yong. If we put aside the most general ones, like syntax, semantics and lexicology, it concerns mainly an interrelated mUltidisciplinary net including e.g. theory of word formation, theory of interpretation of novel expressions, terminography, pragmatics, stylistics, sociolinguistics, or psycho linguistics. Besides this, it is possible...
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