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The influence of lifestyle on components of metabolic syndrome
Křesáková, Nikola ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Šatný, Martin (referee)
Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors, including abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and glucose metabolism disorders (prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus). This syndrome affects about a quarter of the total population and raises the risk for developing especially cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it also affects other health areas, so this problem is very serious. This work consists of two parts. Part one, theoretical, describes metabolic syndrome, i.e. its precise diagnostic criteria, causes, main risks, prevention and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, which may be invasive (bariatric surgery), but mainly consists in lifestyle changes. Part two of the thesis, practical, presents a research in the form of a questionnaire survey. The questions were intended for patients visiting the obesity clinic for the first time and were mainly related to the current health problems and the patients' current lifestyle. Over a half of the patients met the metabolic syndrome criteria, 2/3 of the patients had hypertension, and of all factors, hypertension was most associated with obesity. As far as lifestyle questions are concerned, a lack of exercise had a negative impact on health, when only a few patients had regular physical activity, and diet, when most...
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Superfoods and their nutritional evaluation
Bajaníková, Viera ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Superfoods have become a huge trend in the fields of wellness and nutrition, but their nutritional value is often overestimated. The information surrounding this type of food is often inaccurate and misleading, however that does not mean that people can not benefit from adding superfoods to their diets - they can provide not only nutritional value, but the sensory one as well. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine what the sample of participants thinks of superfoods: whether they are a part of their diet, why, if they perceive any health risks, how much they know about this type of foods and how they asses their price adequacy. The result was that the participants have the knowledge of the the term "superfoods" and they eat superfoods mostly in order to enrich their diet with additional nutrients and because these suit their taste preferences. Most participants do not consider superfoods risky in any way. They are generally not sufficiently educated when it comes to specific superfoods and they find them overpriced, but worth the money (because of perceived health benefits). I have also compared vegetarians/vegans to the other participants and healthcare workers/students of health-related fields to the other participants. Both vegetarians/vegans and healthcare workers/students of...
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Modern myths in nutrition and alternative diets
Drábková, Tereza ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Dostálová, Jana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the most common media-promoted "myths in nutrition" and aims to find out what opinion the general public has on them, whether they eat according to these myths and what arguments they base their beliefs on. The work is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is based on foreign articles and studies. It is divided according to basic macronutrients and alternative nutritional directions, to which specific myths relate individually. Each myth is presented and its historical sources and arguments that support the myth clarified. Subsequently, the myth is explained and refuted by documented studies and scientific articles. The practical part focuses on the general public. It took the form of a quantitative questionnaire survey and it aimed to find out whether the selected myths have their representatives among the respondents, what information sources are their opinions based on, whether they eat according to these myths and what arguments they use to support them. The evaluated questions are shown in tables and graphs and it turned out that the respondents draw their information on nutrition from 73% of the internet and social media and that they also eat according to their beliefs. However, when asking more closely about their arguments...
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Nutricional care for patients with TBC
Vlášková, Lenka ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
The thesis deals with the nutritional care for patients with TBC. The theoretical part describes the history of the disease, its etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and epidemiology. The tuberculosis current care of patients in the Czech Republic, the incidence of tuberculosis in our country and in the world and the specifics of nutricional care for patients with tuberculosis. In the practical part i deal with nutritional care in five case reports and interpret the records from the patient's medical records. I suggest to each patient an optimal diet based on the calculated nutritional need. Keywords: tuberculosis, nutritional care, disease, nutrition, diet
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Sexual Dysfunction in the Obese Female after Bariatric Surgery.
Pichlerová, Dita ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee) ; Pastor, Zlatko (referee)
6 Abstract Background: Obesity and associated comorbidities increase the probability of sexual disorders. We aimed to assess sexual satisfaction in obese women before and after bariatric surgery using the validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and also to assess sexual satisfaction in obese women in comparison with women of normal weight. We also compared the frequency of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) of the participants. Methods: 60 obese women 5.99 completed the questionnaire on sexual satisfaction (FSFI) before a bariatric procedure (laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 22 women; gastric plication, 33 women; and biliopancreatic diversion, 5 women), 6 months and 12 months after the procedure, i.e. after a significant weight reduction (final BMI of . The control group consisted of 60 women of normal weight (mean BMI of 22.2 1.9 domains, with higher scores indicating better sexual function. The FSFI total score (range 2- dicating FSD. Results: Baseline sexual function in the preoperative obese female was significantly lower than in the control group of women of normal weight (p < 0.01) in each domain. Average postoperative FSFI scores increased from preoperative levels in all domains, but significant improvement occurred only in the domain for desire (p < 0.01). The results at 6 and 12 months...
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Nutrition of overweight and obese peole - generation differences
Egemová, Olga ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Kašlíková, Jiřina (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the problems of obesity and overweight. The theoretical part includes the classification of obesity and overweight, the division of factors of origin, complications of obesity, eating disorders, and the treatment of obesity including physical activity. A section of the theoretical part considers the eating habits of different generations, and trends in eating especially among children. Furthermore, the bachelor thesis deals with the principles of healthy eating. In conclusion, there are summarized possibilities for the prevention of obesity and overweight in children and adults. In the practical part, on the basis of a questionnaire survey, the eating habits of overweight and obese trainees from different generations are evaluated and compared. Graphically, the consumption of meat, fruit and vegetables, dairy products, beverage types, as well as eating habits and physical activity are illustrated and evaluated. The evaluation is based on the quantitative questionnaire processing of two age categories in groups of obese and overweight people attending STOB group exercises and group exercises in Prague 4 Branik. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to compare the eating habits of overweight and obese individuals belonging to different generations and to draw the readers'...
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Awareness of pregnant women about appropriate diet during pregnancy and lactation
Brandejsová, Olga ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the general knowledge of pregnant women about appropriate diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge of preconception nutrition, important nutrients during pregnancy, dangerous substances for the developing fetus, gestational diabetes mellitus and also includes general recommendations for pregnant and nursing women. The main objective of the practical part was to verify the respondents' knowledge of appropriate diet during pregnancy and lactation. Next, confirm or refute hypothesis number 1, whether multiparae are more informed about a diet more than the primiparae and hypothesis number 2, how many women were using preconceptual folic acid. An electronic questionnaire was developed to collect data and was distributed through social networks in pregnancy-oriented groups. So the questionnaire could be filled by every pregnant woman in the Czech Republic at any time according to her time. In total 491 questionnaires were processed. The results were entered into a table in Microsoft Excel and then summarized and evaluated in the form of graphs and tables. The results show that the difference in knowledge of primiparae and multiparae of appropriate diet during...
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The comparison of dietary and regime habits of diabetics and nondiabetics
Kotková, Karolína ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Pelcl, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is concerned with dietary and regime habits of the type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics. Diabetes mellitus is a serious illness with rising prevalence. The thesis is focused on the type 2 diabetics. Dietary and regime measures are an indispensable part of the medical treatment of this illness. The theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to DM2, diet therapy and regime measures during DM2 and rational nutrition regarding non-diabetics. An objective of the thesis is to compare the frequency of consumption of particular groups of food and distribution of meals throughout the day between type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetics. Regarding the group of diabetics, the thesis is also researching the relation between the length of diagnosis of diabetes and dietary habits. Data obtained are from the study FANTOM which has taken place on III. Internal clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine at Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. A quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire was used to obtain the data. The results of the research regarding diabetics have shown lower consumption of unhealthy food but also lower consumption of vegetable when compared to non-diabetics. The results evaluating the relation between the length of diagnosis of diabetes and...
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