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Second Nature: A Contribution to the Social Philosophy of Art
Stejskal, Jakub ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee) ; Hrubec, Marek (referee)
- Doctoral Thesis Second Nature: A Contribution to the Social Philosophy of Art (Jakub Stejskal) In what sense can one speak of art as a source of insight into the social? In my thesis I focus on criticizing a position that explains art's social-cognitive potential in terms of its purported intrinsic adherence to a normative view of society as a reconciled second nature: Art either offers insight into the nature of social reality as such a second nature or it makes us feel its unreconciled condition and becomes a promise of reconciliation. I identify two traditions of art interpretation holding this position, which both have their intellectual roots in early German Idealism: the Frankfurt Critical Theory and analytic Kantian Revisionism. In the writings of their adherents art is - implicitly or explicitly - understood essentially as a means of enchantment and affirmation that can at most suppress its affirmative character in the name of future reconciliation. Against this conception I develop an understanding of artistic modernism as belonging to an aesthetics of disenchantment, which takes art to be a way of establishing a specific cognitive distance from the social second nature without evoking reconciliation.
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Karbusický's semiotics of music
Pohludka, Radek ; Dykast, Roman (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jakub (referee)
This work retrieves an conception of musical semantics in the work of Vladimír Karbusický. It consists of three parts. The first one focused on Karbusický's works Beethovenův list "An die unsterbliche Geliebte" a jeho hudební dílo [Beehtoven's letter "An die unsterbliche Geliebte" and his musical work] from the year 1969 and Podstata umění [The essence of art] published in the same year, which presents characteristics of four components of arts situated into an quadripolar ontological model of arts. This model is motivated by the structuralism of Jan Mukařovský and by an asemantic nature of musical forms. The poles of this model represent a subject, an object, a material and a society, and create a web of relations between each other. This way they create a field of interaction governed by dynamical and energetic forces. The respective components arise from the relation of a subject to the other poles, and they are divided into semantic and asemantic ones. Among the semantic components we put a picture, an expression and a symbol; the asemantic components are defined by a game and a construction. The second part deals with Karbusický's critical attitudes to a theory of reflection, to an application of a one-sided semiotics to music, and to considering music and language the same. The theory of...
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Empathy and Art
Huleja, Jan ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jakub (referee)
This thesis attempts to prove the historical and ideological links between the concepts of empathy and art. Ability to empathize even became the basis of a whole aesthetic school, which considered empathy for the main principle of aesthetic experience. The concept of empathy is first introduced interdisciplinary: from the perspective of phenomenological philosophy, psychology and cognitive science. Then we will focus on the origin and evolution of "classical" aesthetic theories of empathy of 19th century and early 20th century: these theories will be introduced and commented. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Piet Mondrian's Conception of Art
Fořtová, Tereza ; Ševčík, Miloš (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jakub (referee)
Piet Mondrian, one of the most significant representatives of modern abstract art, applied himself, aside from his own art work, to writing of theoretical texts. In his essays, he did not advocate for his own paintings, neither did he manifest any particular art movement. In these texts, one can trace rather general aesthetically-theoretical reflection on art, on the development of our world and on the position of a man in modern society. This thesis introduces Mondrian's comprehensive conception of art in light of aesthetics and the philosophy of art. It touches on the substance and function of art, on artistic means, on the role of an artist and on the meaning of art related to society and its development. The thesis focuses on the bases of Mondrian's theory and its influences. In addition, it presents various ideas of other contemporary avant-garde movements that somehow inspired Mondrian and that, together with his conception of art, create a certain context of the artistic atmosphere of the first half of the 20th century. The thesis draws from Mondrian's original texts that have, in most cases, not been translated into Czech, yet.
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Metaphor as a Tool for Communication and Creative Thought
Policar, Antonín ; Kulka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jakub (referee)
This work is concerned with the role of metaphor in language, discourse and thought. The first section presents a brief historical survey of the origins and development of theorizing about the metaphor as a legitimate cognitive tool and not just a rhetorically or poetically effective but otherwise uninformative sort of expression. The aim of the second section is to outline several different accounts of metaphor given by contemporary researchers in the fields of the philosophy of language, congnitive psychology and linguistics as well as to hint at some possible ways they could be interconnected. Especially those theories are concerned which in some way diverge from the traditional view on metaphor as a fringe phenomenon of language and discourse and which on the contrary stress its central role in the meaning- making activity of the human mind. Although the work does not focus primarly on the metaphor in art, its relevance for aesthetics lies nevertheless in its highlighting certain aesthetic or poetic aspects of human reasoning and everyday communication. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Essay on enthusiasm - political critique of enthusiastic aesthetics
Stejskal, Jakub ; Ševčík, Miloš (referee) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to critically examine the notion of enthusiasm as an aesthetic concept and to prove its persisting impact on contemporary aesthetic theory, especially on the work of Jean-François Lyotard. Enthusiastic aesthetics explains aesthetic experience as a strong sensuous experience, which admits of no intellectual participation. The power of the experience is the proof of its non-human source; a source that transcends the scope of human understanding, whether it be called God, the Other, the Thing, or Matter. Because of his/her passive role of an unconscious recipient of this power, the subject cannot actively participate in the actual aesthetic reception. Such a treatment of the aesthetic experience is perilous (especially from a political point of view) because the subject completely succumbs to a power the source of which he/she cannot grasp, hoping that the sensuous ecstasy, which is the symptom of that power, is a proof of its "divine" origin.
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Consistency Checking of Relations Extracted from Text
Stejskal, Jakub ; Otrusina, Lubomír (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to mechanical techniques that are used in the natural language processing and information extraction from particular text. It is approaching the general methods that starting to process the raw text and it continues to the relations extraction from processed language constructs, moreover it provides options for the use of obtained relational data which can be seen for example in the project DBpedia. Another milestone of the described bachelor thesis is the design and implementation of an automated system for extracting information about entities, which do not have their own article on the English version of Wikipedia. Thesis also presents algorithms developed for the extraction of entities with their own name, the verification of the articles ‘existence of the extracted entities and finally the actual extraction of information about individual entities, which can be used during the information consistency checking. In the end, it can be seen the results and suggestions for further development of the created system.
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Influence of religion on family behaviour in the Czech Republic
Juříková, Kristýna ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse current relationship between religion and family behaviour within the Czech Republic, since religious associations mostly tend to influence people positively - considering current low fertility rate, high divorce rate and increasing percentage of children born outside marriage. In the Czech Republic, there is majority of Catholic Churches because of historical evolution. The relationship between religiosity and family behaviour is analysed by regression analysis, which includes more socio-demographic and economic indicators to minimalize misrepresentation. Results indicate no influence of religiosity regarding current fertility rate due to generalisation to higher level of urban settlement - religious people have more children only at historical point of view. No influence was proved also regarding marriage rate because its variability was hard to capture by used predictor variables. However, religion has beneficial effect on induced abortion rate, divorce rate and share of children born outside marriage.
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Turecko a možnost jeho vstupu do Evropské Unie
Stejskal, Jakub ; Kopřiva, Bohumil (advisor) ; Riley, Steven Del (referee)
The thesis will examine the position of Turkey from the point of view of possible entry into the European Union. The opening part will deal with conditions of its entry, Turkey's relations with other member countries will be outlined as well as the issue of its economic development in the last years. The second part will deal with economic insight, where the country will be examined on the basis of economic data, especially in connection with the new members of the European Union.
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