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What holds society together? The concept of societal community and constitutive symbolism in Talcott Parsons, Richard Münch and Jeffrey Alexander
Německý, Marek ; Šubrt, Jiří (advisor) ; Skalník, Petr (referee) ; Musil, Jiří (referee)
1. In my thesis I try to answer the question: "What holds society together?" by using theoretical conceptual tools of Parsonian functionalist sociology. I work especially with Parson's concept of societal community as it is defined in his book Socities. Evolutionary and Comparative Perspective. I work with the definition of societal community used in this book. Societal community is formed on one hand by a normative system of order, on the other hand by statuses, rights and obligations derived from membership thereof. [Parsons 1966: 31] I work with this skizza concept and try to reconstruct Parsons's concept by using conception of other authors, especially neo-functionalists (Jeffrey Alexander, Richard Munch, Samuel Eisenstadt), and by other authors as well (David Lockwood, Stein Rokkan, Lewis Coser, John Rawls). In spite of the fact that I use the interpreations of these authors, I consider my thesis an original piece of work, because especially last named authors do not explicitly use the concept of societal community. I reconstructed the concept of societal community with the complexity which cannot be found in the works of other authors [Gerhardt 2001]. 2. In the first step I try to reconstruct the concept based on the work of Talcott Parsons. I came to the conclusion that Parsons sees the...
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Transition to Democracy in Rwanda with Regard to the Role of Chieftaincy
Syslová, Eliška ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Skalník, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis "Transition to democracy in Rwanda with Regard to the Role of Chieftaincy" analyses the democratization process in Rwanda, which had run before the genocide as well as after the genocide in 1994. This diploma thesis draws from theoretical conceptions of democratization, which are introduced in the first chapter. In order to understand the circumstances in which the transition to democracy is taking place, the history of Rwanda since the beginning of colonization until the first republic is analysed. In the following period, the influence of important elements forming the shape of the second republic regime is depicted. The essence of this thesis is the analysis of the democratization processes, which genesis are to be found in the second half of the 1980's. The democratization and attitudes of individual participants are analysed until 2003, when a new constitution was approved. The events of the genocide are described briefly. The final part deals with clientship and chieftaincy and their role during the democratization process. The theoretical basis of the analysis derives from the work of Max Weber. The importace of clientship after 1994 is analysed on the gacaca tribunals. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Position of Lebanon in the Actual International Relations
Šabacká, Yvona ; Skalník, Petr (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Gombár, Eduard (referee) ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (referee)
Lebanese society involves the Western, i.e. liberal and democratic model, and the Islamic model of society as umma. This Lebanese model originated and has been maintained as a compromise between communities of different value paradigms where no significant shift can be expected as Lebanon is situated at the borders of their territorial expansion. According to my analysis on the basis of theoretical concepts of neo-realism and social constructivism the external players prevail over the internal players. External players have essential influence on the development of Lebanese society and state. It is also the regional status quo or regional and international order that influences the development in Lebanon and is responsible for almost every conflict, conflict initiation or struggle in Lebanon. Lebanese multiconfessional society has always made an effort to achieve and has achieved by itself a consensus for its coexistence. That is why the international community and organizations should promote and use their influence more to maintain the peaceful co-existence.
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