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The Influence of Modern Passive Safety Features in the Protection of a Vehicle's Occupants
Vostrejž, Jan ; Tylšar, Vladimír (referee) ; Semela, Marek (advisor)
Thesis in the field of passive safety problems, traffic accidents and health outcomes of participants in road traffic accidents is aimed, inter alia, to create an overview of modern passive safety elements especially cars. The work deals with elements of the passive safety system and the impact on the crew vehicle. It describes the principle of operation, especially airbags, safety belts, belt pretensioner and it includes solution of limiters tensioning force in the safety belt and other elements that have the task of reducing the consequences of a traffic accident. The use of modern elements of passive safety provides increased protection for the crew and eliminates the formation injuries crew. The technical issue is therefore closely related to the healthcare industry and in particular the Court of medicine in the field of personal injury in relation to the types and characters of incidents, or by applying of the safety elements. There are also shown the actual road accidents in which were killed or injured members of crew with an analysis of the mechanism of injury with the use or non-use of safety elements.
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Circumstances and Legal Consequences of Daytime Road Accidents with Pedestrians
Rožková, Magdaléna ; Tylšar, Vladimír (referee) ; Semela, Marek (advisor)
The diploma thesis „Circumstances and Legal Consequences of Daytime Road Accidents with Pedestrian“ deals with the interpretation of legal decisions on traffic accidents causes by the vehicle during the day and where the other participant was a pedestrian. The main aim of this work is to find the established limits for the assessment of fault in comparable accident situations. Basic concepts, as a traffic accident, participants of traffic accidents and the position of an expert in the criminal proceedings, are defined within the theoretical part of the thesis. It also deals with the biomechanical aspects of a pedestrian – vehicle collision and the violation of specific regulations. Approximately 1,530 judical decisions were studied and analyzed in the analytical part, of which 40 were selected, that correspond to the requirements of this thesis. In the analytical part there are also 4 expert opinions provided by the Institute of Forensic Engineering of Brno University of Technology, where the above – mentioned limits for the assessment of accidents were applied, as well as the decision according to the jurisdiction.
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Study of the time needed for getting an all-round view and deciding in giving the right of way
Bařina, Jakub ; Bradáč, Albert (referee) ; Semela, Marek (advisor)
This thesis deals with detection and analysis of a time needed for getting an all-round view before entering other vehicle's corridor during different conditions and speed. In the theoretical part a brief research is made concerning the subject of causes of accidents, aspects of human perception and driver's outlook. The analytical part derives from video recordings of on-road trials. The results was processed and the obtained data evaluated in order to find out the time needed for getting an all-round and making a decision while situated in the intersection. Above that, the data served as a determination of safety during intersection passing and quality of estimates of speed and distance of incoming vehicles. The conclusion of the analytical part is dedicated to participants mutual comparison and analysis of particular situations that occurred during the trials.
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Complex System of Traffic Accident Analysis - - Collision of Vehicles on the Crossroad
Semela, Marek ; Kolíbal, Zdeněk (referee) ; Prochazka, Eduard (referee) ; Bradáč, Albert (advisor)
Thesis deals with problems of forensic technical analysis of traffic accidents, concretely with creation of complex methodology for analysis of traffic accidents of vehicles on the crossroad. There are defined terms of "complex system and complex analysis of traffic accident", technically acceptable range of important input values, systematization of accidents on the crossroad with methodologies in the thesis. Thesis shows problematical expert procedures, suggests scheme of expert evidence and includes methodology of measurement of common movement of vehicles on the crossroad and recommendation for expert procedures.
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Analysis of the Usual Time of a Driver Observing Specific Objects
Fujačková, Hedvika ; Semela, Marek (referee) ; Bucsuházy, Kateřina (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on drivers of motor vehicles and the usual time they spend by specific objects. The theoretical part of the thesis brings an overview of literature on human perception. The eye-tracker is defined here as the instrument used for scanning the movements of the drivers eyes, here are also named its types and its applications in various fields of life. Finally, this part deals with the advertisements placed alongside roads acting as distractive elements. The experimental part builds upon the collected video recordings and offers an analysis of drivers’ observations of outdoor advertisements that attract their attention, mainly billboards.
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Analysis of Selected Manoeuvres of Bicyclists
Doseděl, Jan ; Ptáček, Petr (referee) ; Semela, Marek (advisor)
Master thesis titled “Analysis of selected manoeuvres of bicyclists” in the first part deals with the history of bicycles, construction, division of bicycles and introduces–traffic accidents of cyclists and national legislation. Practical measurements with bicyclists is in the second part of this thesis. Cyclists performed deceleration on three surfaces, acceleration and a manoeuver, in which cyclist looked behind himself before changing the direction. The evaluation of all measurements and comparison with other similar works has been made in the last chapters.
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Technical acceptability of witness and participant testimonies at traffic accident
Nosek, Jakub ; Tylšar, Vladimír (referee) ; Semela, Marek (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with issues of road traffic accidents from the perspective tes-timonies of witnesses of road traffic accidents, especially in terms of the space and time per-ception and in terms of the content development changes during time. This issues are solved at first theoretically, gained knowledge is then used by several real accidents. For each traffic accident was selected several questions important to solve its course and in the testimonies of witnesses and participants have found the answers to these questions. In the responses were monitored technical acceptability and content development of the testimonies during time, and then were made ratings of the technical acceptability of the each answer and score rating of compliance with the previous testimony. This allowed determining for each witnesses or participant and for every traffic accident level of technical unacceptability responses and the level of testimonies content development changes during time.
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Analysis of Selected Manoeuvres of Bicyclists
Špačková, Kateřina ; Belák, Michal (referee) ; Semela, Marek (advisor)
This diploma thesis Analysis of selected manoeuvres of bicyclists deals with the history and development of the bicycles, further their division of, construction, analysis accident and national legislation in the theoretical part. The practical part of the master thesis is devoted to the measurements of the bicycles. Specifically, it is about acceleration, deceleration, transverse movement, ride in the curve and looking back before changing the direction. For measuring are selected different type of bikes with different construction. The results of individual measurements are evaluated in the end of the diploma thesis.
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Influence of the Elements Surrounding the Road on the Traffic Safety
Bláhová, Eva ; Bradáč, Albert (referee) ; Semela, Marek (advisor)
The thesis deals with the influence of the elements in surrounding the road on the traffic safety, focusing on visual distraction of the driver. Within the theoretical part are characterized transport system and its individual components (driver, environment and road, means of transportation and transport infrastructure) with emphasis on aspects affecting traffic safety and visual perception of the driver. The analytical part draws from video records with driving tests provided by the Institute of Forensic Engineering of Brno University of Technology. They were processed and the data were evaluated to determine mainly the length of individual driver’s gazes on particular elements in surrounding the road and their comparison with the time dedicated to driving. The conclusion of this part is intended for the studies of advertising signs as they are the elements with significant influence on driver’s distraction. Interpretation of the results followed by designing their applications to increase traffic safety is included in the last chapter.
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