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Links between nest positions and intraanual dynamics of Blackcaps’ territories.
Vojtěchovská, Eva ; Šizling, Arnošt Leoš (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma theses intention is to study territory dynamics and it's relationship to parameters of territories, position of nest and reproductive success of blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). I assumed, that parameters of territories are depended on breeding phases and on intraspecific interaction with neighbours and conversely, that position of nest is depended on the territory parameters. The research of territory dynamics was performed in a nature preserve Lipovka (14,6 ha) in breeding seasons of years 2006 and 2007. Main method of the research was mapping territories of blackcaps, based on registrations of colour-marked males (territory owners) and finding and observation of nests. On all found nests we noted their position on the locality, progress of breeding, breeding size and success and nest concealment. During two breeding seasons we catched and colour-marked 58 individuals. In 2006 we mapped 25 pairs of blackcaps, which were breeding and we found 30 nests of which 13 were successful. In 2007 22 pairs were breeding and we found 33 nests of which 14 were successful. Results have shown, that male territory parameters are influenced by passing breeding phase. So, male's territory, is greatest in before and after breeding phases, whereas the size significantly decreases through egg phase to nestling...
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Seasonality of reproduction in tropical birds
Kačírek, Vojtěch ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tomášek, Oldřich (referee)
The aim of of this paper is to summarize the knowledge of reproduction seasonality of tropical birds. Work includes characteristics of individual tropical environment and changes in abiotic conditions, focusing on the question, in what sense are tropics aseasonal and what is not. The work includes an overview of methodologies for collecting data during field research focused on monitoring reproduction in birds. The main part of this work is to compare the differences between biogeographic regions, regions and their stimuli, which most commonly lead to the creation of seasonal reproduction, followed by a comparison of individual functional groups of birds (food guilds). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Reintroduction of butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Štochlová, Tereza ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straka, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with one of the active means of conservation - reintroduction. By this ap- proach, organisms are released in their historical range from which they have disappeared. Re- introductions typically concern vertebrates, that is, however, why this thesis focuses on a group of invertebrates - butterflies (Rhopalocera). The main aim of this work is to carry out a research of previous experiments, evaluate used methods and discover the best way to proceed with reintroduction of butterflies. This process contains many important steps. Firstly, a suitable species must be chosen, that means one that is declining and has limited dispersal abilities. Secondly, an appropriate habitat for releasing organisms must be found - host plants ought to be sufficiently abundant and the area big enough. If the habitat quality is not satisfactory, it can be achieved through management, most commonly by planting host plants, mowing or grazing. Next step is choosing the right donor population. It should be stable, genetically variable, and genetically and ecologically related to the original extinct population. After transfer and release of sufficient number of organisms, it is crucial to carry out a long-term monitoring of the newly formed population and to modify its management when necessary. All methods...
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Ecology and population development of the Eurasian crane (Grus grus) in Czech Republic
Ticháčková, Markéta ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
TICHÁČKOVÁ M. 2013: Ecology and population development of the Eurasian crane (Grus grus) in Czech Republic MSc thesis. Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague. Eurasian crane (Grus grus) had been exterminated in Czech Republic in past, he started to return back in 70's of the 20th century. There were 1697 observations published between 1965 and 2012, since then is the number still increasing. The annual observations have been done regularly since 1975. The area of occurrence in Czech Republic gradually grows, cranes was recorded in 289 squares. In areas where the cranes were observed on ground, dominates presence of fields and water with smaller presence of forests and pastures. They were mostly observed during the spring months - March and April, and during the autumn months - October and November. Even larger flocks of cranes can be seen in this time. Since 1989 (the first nest) is the number of breeding pairs of cranes in Czech Republic increasing. They spread more to the areas to the southeast direction. The nesting was registered in 37 localities in 26 mapping squares in total, with higher proportion of pastures and meadows. Most of nests are located in reed and tall sedge beds around ponds, other types of environment are used first after 2005. Keywords: Eurasian crane (Grus grus),...
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The biology of aging in Nothobranchius fishes
Žák, Jakub ; Reichard, Martin (advisor) ; Valenzano, Dario Riccardo (referee) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
The aging human population and consequent unprecedented demographic changes in society have inevitably led to more scientists focusing their research on aging. Senescence, in the narrowest biological sense, is age related decline in an organism's function and survival. The majority of senescence research is performed in the laboratory environment. The basic biology of wild counterparts of model organisms is therefore relatively unstudied, despite its importance for proper interpretation of laboratory outcomes. This dissertation, via a series of 6 first-authored and 5 second-authored papers, combines field and laboratory research on senescence and senescence-related life history traits using a short-lived fish Nothobranchius furzeri. An age at the maturity of 14 days post hatching in wild N. furzeri is presented in this thesis as well as extremely fast growth of wild fish. Both life history traits have important consequences for senescence. The following section is focused on how the environment modulates senescence. In the first step, preferred body temperatures of Mozambican Nothobranchius fish were measured and descriptions of environmental and behavioural fluctuations within a 24 hours periodicity were completed. Based on this knowledge, ecologically relevant thermal fluctuations were simulated...
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Application of bioacoustic approaches in investigation of bird species interactions and community species richness
Vokurková, Jana ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Remeš, Vladimír (referee) ; Szymański, Paweł (referee)
Birdsong is one of the most fascinating communication tools in the animal kingdom, whether it is used for attracting a mate or in territory defense. In my dissertation, I present evidence that we can successfully study the role of birdsong in territorial behaviour, its seasonal variability, and ultimately its role in evolutionary processes thanks to modern bioacoustic and ecoacoustic approaches. By combining the bioacoustic approach with molecular analyses, I demonstrate that in the model system of two closely related passerine species, the heterospecific song convergence in their secondary contact zone is based on cultural transmission, and not on interspecific hybridisation and/or gene introgression. My dissertation further extends into the tropical zone, which is generally characterized by less pronounced environmental seasonality compared to the temperate zone. The study of potential seasonality in singing activity and the proportion of vocalizing species in this zone therefore requires year-round monitoring, which is possible thanks to the quite recent development of automated recording units (ARU). First, we confirmed that using ARU provides very similar estimates of community composition, species richness, and abundance to traditional field methods (point counts) in the specific conditions...
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Impact of fire disturbances on lepidopteran communities
Koďousek, Václav ; Tropek, Robert (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
In this work I present the main effects of fire disturbances on lepidopteran communities and changes, that the fire disturbance causes. I primarily deal with characterization of fire disturbance, lepidopteran responses and changes in species composition and diversity, which they create in lepidopteran communities. Both butterflies and moths are in the last decades in decline and on the contrary fire disturbances are getting more frequent. At the same time the understanding of lepidopteran decline grows and management for protection of lepidopterans, where fire plays an important role, is getting more precise. With the use of prescribed burning, we can support the protection of both butterflies and moths and their habitats. The aim of my work was to summarize the knowledge about the effects that fire disturbances can have on Lepidoptera and their communities and also explore its potential use in their protection. Key words: natural disturbance, fire disturbance, lepidopteran communities, prescribed burning, wildfires, pyrophilous species
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