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Education in J. J. Rouseau's Work
Srncová, Kateřina ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
Bachelor thesys called "Education in J. J. Rousseau's Work" will consider with capturing innovative education principles in 18. century, mainly in work "Emil" and in autobiography "Vyznání". Basic principles of Rousseau's phylosophy and education attitude will be worked out in more detail within chapters of this thesys. After defining basic education principles by Jean-Jacques Rousseau I will in last chapter focus on comparison with education attitude of M. Montessori. Keywords: education, nature, naturalness, freedom, child, educator, society, social agreement, state, ideal
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Comparison of the point of view on human being as seen by Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud and their descendants
Havel, Jan ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The aim of this paper it to observe different approaches to human beings. Two major points of view will be that of Karl Marx and of Sigmund Freud. In which apects are their deffinitions of human being, behavior and thinking processes different and in which are they similar? How are their ideas transferred in the work of oher authors and where does it lead? Is it possible to find similar streams in the work of their followers? These are the two major questions that this paper will try to answer. Another meaning this paper should have is to create a meanigful and coherent source of various authors who were involved in examination of human being.
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Meaning of life in the work of Karel Čapek
Hodinková, Marie ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The thesis named "Sense of Life in the Work of Karel Čapek" treats the problems of raison- d'etre of life seen by Karel Čapek. At first this thesis is preoccupied by Čapek's personality and character of his era. Karel Čapek is characterized as an author in whose works were projected his philosophical views influenced mainly by pragmatism. The thesis analyses Čapek's works treating issues of sense of life. Particularly these are two proses by Čapek "Obyčejný život" (Common Life) and "Život a dílo skladatele Foltýna "(The Life and Work of Composer Foltýn). These two novels are at first analyzed separately and then compared.
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Human being by Ibn Rushd and Maimonides
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This thesis interprets the concept of human being in the work of Maimonides and ibn Rushd, two representatives of major Arab and Jewish medieval philosophy. It combines the ancient Greek philosophical tradition, especially Aristotle, with a religious context. When Maimonides and Ibn Rushd tried to harmonize these two traditions, they had to deal with many opposite views, that stemmed from the difference between religious and ancient world. Behind this intellectual ground have they created the original thesis and approaches to grasping reality, the world and the human being in it. The issue of human being is analyzed in three levels. The first level consists of the relationship between human being and creation, which addresses the question about origin of the world the human soul and the resurrection. The second level, i.e. the man and the world, is devoted to describing a scheme of the world, human knowledge and the theory of prophecy. Ethical and political views are analyzed on the third level, which represents the position of human being in relation to the polis. Keywords Ibn Rushd, Maimonides, Aristotle, Plato, neoplatonism, philosophy, religion, The Koran, Torah, human being, world, creation, eternity, soul, resurrection, emanation, knowledge, illumination, active intellect, prophecy, politics,...
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Friendship as a virtue in classical greek philosophy and ethics
Grospičová, Simona ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
TITLE: Friendship as a Virtue in Classical Greek Philosophy and Ethics AUTHOR: Simona Grospičová DEPARTMENT: Social Sciences and Philosophy Department SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Miloslava Blažková, CSc. ABSTRACT: This work analyses friendship, in Greek philia, as a virtue in Classical Greek philosophy and ethics. The study concentrates on works concerning friendship of two most significant authors of the stated period Plato and Aristotle. Friendship is examined not only as a separated theme but also as a part of Plato's erotology and then Plato's and Aristotle's study of politics. The aim of this work is to find through analysis of Plato's and Aristotle's conception of friendship an answer to the question how is friendship perceived as a virtue in Classical Greek philosophy and ethics. Furthermore, the work endeavours to prove that friendship should belong to the centre of ethical reflections and should not be shifted to their margin. There are mentioned opinions on the issues of friendship of authors of 20th and 21st century, whose works were published in Czech or English language. It comes out that in Greek philosophy and ethics friendship is an important value which relates to all people without exception and affects the life of individual as well as the entire society as a whole. KEYWORDS: virtue, friendship,...
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Phenomenology of body and corporeality
Míková, Martina ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
MÍKOVÁ, Martina. Phenomenology of body and corporeality. Prague: Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, 2012, pp. 84 Master Degree Thesis. The aim of the master thesis deals with the phenomenology of a body and corporeality. This is mainly the analysis of the arguments to distnquish a body and soul based on the Descartes 'Meditations on the First Philosophy' and 'The Passions of the Soul'. The introduction to the Cartesian dualism, which is the introduction to the phenomenology of a body and corporeality, is followed by the analysis of key passages in 'Phenomenology of Perception' by the French phenomenologists M. Merleau-Ponty who accents the importance of human corporeality as the essential and determining condition of human being. The third section deals with the philosophy of movement because the world and a man are in relative motion, based on Patočka's texts 'Body, Community, Language, World'. The final chapter of the thesis is based on the issue of the game as a symbol of the world presented by Eugen Fink. Keywords: Descartes, perception, Pexis, body, corporeality, corporeal scheme, movement, game.
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Problem of language games in Philosophy of L. Wittgenstein
Klapilová, Adéla ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
Ludwig Wittgenstein's life, the development philosophy of language and Wittgenstein's influence on the Vienna Circle. Analysis of Tractatus Logico- Philosophicus. Explanation of term "game" and the concept of "language game". The rules and their role in language games. The importance of context for understanding of the said. The question of pronounceability and essence of the unpronounceability. Using knowledge of the concept of language games for education. Key words: Ludwig Wittgenstein, game, language game, rules, context, education
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Pyrrho's, academic and methodical skepticism - comparison
Brabníková, Petra ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The main objective of my dissertation is to research and to introduce hellenistic skepticism of postclassical Greece and methodical skepticism of modern times thinker Rene Descartes. There are differences between the ancient Pyrrhonism and the younger skepticism of Academy, which I would like to clear up. I have in view Descartes' skepticism too, which create a methodological technique of cognition in new way. Rene Descartes, contrary to hellenistic skeptics, doesn't accept the "epoche", which means a certain bliss, but he moves on in his research, when he believes in a possibility of truthful cognition. Purpose of my thesis is to critically take account of historical and philosophical context, from which both of skepticisms have been created, to put a question, what kind of meaning they had in history of philosophy and also to think about fundamental question of connection between hellenistic and Descartes doubt. I try to accent common characteristics and differences of both concepts. key words - skepticism, methodical skepticism, truthful cognition, probability, phenomena, senses, intellect, bliss
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Philosophy of Jaroslava Pešková
Rybák, David ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Krámský, David (referee) ; Schlegelová, Jaroslava (referee)
Our main theme in this work is the philosophical thinking of Jaroslava Pešková, one of the most important Czech philosophers. The problem, which we start with, is the situation of marxist philosophy in 50th and 60th of the 20th century and the position of Jaroslava Pešková in this period and in the Czech philosophy in general. Instead of summation of all the subject in her texts, we rather want to realize the "deep exploration" of the philosophical basis, from which Jaroslava Pešková thinks, and which is not visible at first sight, even for readers familiar with philosophy. This philosophical ground we see in the concept of human being, which is not only in the worldly relations (economical, sociological, political, juridical, psychological, biological etc. etc.), but has a relation to all of these relations. To this structure and its philosophical ground we are trying to take an acccss and to make it visible in our probes into the key themes of Jaroslava Pešková's thinking. The philosophical and ideological movement from marxist to phenomenological philosophy wasn't thematized by marxist thinkers such as Jiří Pešek, Jaroslava Pešková or Karel Kosík. Also this lap we are trying to fill.
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