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Problematic viewing of Internet pornography in relation to social phobia
Pavelec, Jan ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
(v AJ) Internet porngraphy offers immediate sexual pleasure without much effort. Pornography also provides almost unlimited content and the possibility of watching harder pornography when soft pornography doesn't meet one's needs anymore. This is similar to substance induced tolerance. These properties make watching pornography a potentially addictive behaviour. Social phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by severe anxiety in social situations This thesis attemps to find an association between social phobia and problematic pornography viewing. The purpose of this study was to determine, if there was a correlation between problematic pornography viewing and social phobia. Another goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of problematic pornography viewing and look at how different sociodemographic factors impact it. Prevalnce of problematic pornography viewing was slightly less than 5%. Only severe social phobia was pozitively correlated with problematic pornography viewing. The overal correlation of the two phenomena is poor. keywords: Problematic pornography viewing, social phobia, behavioral addiction, correlation
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy in smoking cessation: a review of the literature
Brdičková, Naděžda ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Background: Smoking cessation is associated with significant health benefits. A review on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in smoking cessation would help identify proven effective interventions and enable more informed treatment decisions. Objective: The aim of this theoretical review is to map the effectiveness of CBT and its components in smoking cessation using a non-systematic search. Methods: 272 reviews published in English in the last 10 years were found in the PubMed database using keywords. These were sorted out and supplemented with other articles for a total of 108 processed articles. Results: The effectiveness of CBT in smoking cessation as a stand-alone treatment or treatment enhancing the pharmacotherapy has been demonstrated in large clinical trials, both in individual (RR vs. minimal intervention 1.57 (1.40 - 1.77)) and in group counseling (RR vs. self-help program 1.88 (1.52 - 2.33)). The effectiveness increased with the intensity of the therapy. Of the individual components, commitment, feedback to behavior, social reward, identity associated with changed behavior and financial reward were significantly effective. Information about emotional consequences and reframing the slip had a significantly negative impact. The effectiveness of improving coping skills...
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Experience of the use of nicotine pouches among the student of secondary grammar school
Kolomazník, Lukáš ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Introduction: In recent years, the tobacco industry has begun innovating novele new nicotine product categories. These include nicotine pouches. These are beginning to appeal particularly to the youth population, which may include secondary grammar school students. Objectives: The aim of the study was to map the experiences of high school students in the Pardubice Region with the use of nicotine pouches. A sub-objective was to determine the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine product use among secondary grammar school students. Methods: Quantitative research was used to obtain the data. The research was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire survey in the Survio.com platform. The management of the Secondary Grammar School Dašická in Pardubice was approached for the research and agreed to conduct the research among students over 15 years of age. The research was conducted successively in all 16 classes, mostly during the Social Studies classes. Students completed the survey on their smart devices. The questionnaire was divided into four parts. The first part of the questionnaire mapped basic information about the respondents (age, gender, grade), the second part addressed students' awareness of nicotine pouches, the third part mapped the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine pouches use, and...
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Relationship between the frequency of patient's visits to the Outpatient Addiction Treatment Clinic for Children and Adolescent depending on the presence of dual diagnosis
Svobodová, Barbora ; Jandáč, Tomáš (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
BACKROUND - The area of addictological care, which focuses on children and adolescents, has moved forward considerably in recent years, yet this target group is still insufficiently described in comparison with, for example, the adult population. The presented thesis deals with the issue of dual diagnoses in patients of the Outpatient Addiction Treatment Clinic for Children and Adolescents. AIMS - The aim of the diploma thesis is a more detailed view of the types of diagnoses occurring among patients of the Outpatient Addiction Treatment Clinic for Children and Adolescent and the search for the possible regularity of the occurrence of the same pattern of these diagnoses (psychiatric diagnoses of patients associated with the use of addictive substances or non-substance dependence). Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the number of patient visits, i.e. the number of visits to the facility achieved by patients with different diagnoses. METHODS - The obtained data were processed using correlation analysis and descriptive statistics. The research included all patients who visited the outpatient clinic in 2015-2021. RESULTS - The most common major diagnoses in ADDA patients are pathological gambling (F63.0) and cannabinoid dependence (F12.2), the most common associated diagnoses are behavioral disorders,...
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Use of addictive medication in the Czech Republic
Brožková, Lenka ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Background: The use of psychoactive prescription drugs (PPDs) in the patient population is poorly studied in Czechia. Aims: (i) To investigate the prevalence of PPDs use; (ii) to estimate the extent of doctor shopping (DS); (iii) to explore the association between the repeated use of PPD, DS and subsequent addiction care. Design and setting: Pharmacoepidemiological study using the precription database and the database of reimbursed health services of health insurance company Zamestnanecka pojistovna Skoda (2012-2021). Participants: Insurees (n=146,177; male n=71,013; female n=75,164) represented by approximately 340,000 health records. Measurements: To identify drug use in the form of DS we analyzed prescription overlaps from multiple health care providers. The association between repeated use of PPD and provided health services was determined by analyzing the drug history of insurees who received any type of addiction service. Findings: We found that more than half of the insurees who used the opioid analgesic also used anxiolytic drugs in the same year. The highest proportion of insurees with DS was related to stimulant use (3.37%). Regarding opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines, the proportions were similar (OA 2.25%; BZD 2.37%). The number of duplicit prescriptions per doctor shopper was the...
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Different prevalence of substance abuse at different types of music events: comparison of drum and bass party and rock concert in Prague
Blížilová, Lucie ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
The objective of my bachelor's paper is to determine, through the use of a terrain study, if visitors of drum and bass parties prefer addictive substances more than visitors of rock concerts. I conducted a terrain study in Prague and the assumption was that the type and quantity of addictive substances would vary. The theoretic section of my work is focused on characteristics of individual music genres and their supporters, further mentioned are addictive substances used at music events and their subsequent risks and impact on the person taking them and the environment around them. The conclusion of the theoretical section is about harm reduction services, hints at their usefulness, and also on the lack thereof in the music genre environment. The practical section is dedicated to the analysis of data gathered by me in a terrain study conducted directly on music events of a given genre. Respondents were given a short questionnaire and then all data was analyzed by me. Respondents were chosen deliberately, they had to have been a supporter of the given genre, therefore I worked with an unrepresentative sample. The comparison of the data confirmed my assumption that the amount and type of substances used do indeed vary. The drum and bass party is dominated by illegal substances, whereas the rock...
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Cross-sectional study of selected legal regulations in the field of alcohol with a specific focus on the methanol case
Fialová Mikešová, Tereza ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Background: In 2012, there were massive poisonings with harmful alcohol laced with methanol throughout the Czech Republic. As a result of intoxications, not only death but also damage of health of various degrees occurred. The event, which directly endangered public health, brought new experience and, among other things, confirmed the thesis accepted in professional circles that no way of consuming alcohol is necessarily safe or even beneficial to health, which is why there is a need to change the approach to alcohol. Aim: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to briefly describe the development of selected legislative regulations aimed at reducing alcohol consumption on our territory from the establishment of the independent republic to the present day and to describe the procedure and measures applied by state administration authorities during methanol poisonings and the effects of this phenomenon on the further development of legislation in the context of the event. Methods: Content qualitative analysis of written materials was used. In the first place, suitable documents issued by state administration bodies, legal regulations published in the Collection of Laws and media communications were selected. The obtained data were subsequently subjected to a qualitative content analysis, on the basis of...
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Health literacy among drug users
Rolová, Gabriela ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Lukavská, Kateřina (referee) ; Popesko, Boris (referee)
Background: Individuals with substance use disorders are likely to have low health literacy due to risk factors related to their personal and socioeconomic characteristics. Current knowl- edge is limited in understanding whether low health literacy contributes to adverse health outcomes and whether it influences the substance use behavior of this population. Design: An exploratory cross-sectional study using a questionnaire survey. Aims: To explore multidimensional health literacy and its correlates in patients treated in residential addiction treatment programs and investigate health literacy as a predictor of self- reported health indicators and quality of life. Setting: Multiple residential addiction treatment programs (i.e., detoxification units, inpatient care, therapeutic communities) in the Czech Republic. Participants: Data of 613 patients treated in residential addiction treatment programs for mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (F10-F19, ICD-10) were analyzed. Measurements: Health literacy was measured using the Czech version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47). Data on participants' socioeconomic characteristics, self-reported health indicators and quality of life, substance use behavior, and treatment experiences were...
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Experience of students of the faculty of education with the use of oral forms of tobacco and nicotine: an online survey
Váchová, Alena ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Introduction: To reduce risks, tobacco manufacturers have started to diversify their products. Nicotine can now be obtained from smokeless tobacco products, including oral tobacco and nicotine e.g in pre-filled sachets (snus, nicotine sachets). Students of Faculty of Education belong to a group of young people who can be approached by these products, and at the same time, as future teachers, they should be informed about these products. Objectives: The aim of the work was to find out the experience of students of the Faculty of Education, Charles University with the use of oral forms of tobacco and nicotine. Methods: Quantitative research was used to obtain the data. The research has been done using an anonymous online questionnaire survey in the Survio.com platform. Students were approached by e-mail, which is used by all students of a particular and a student Facebook account. The data obtained was processed in Excel. The questionnaire was divided into four parts. The first part of the questionnaire collected basic information on respondents (age, field of study, year), the second part questionnaire examined the experience of the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine use, the third part examined the experience of nicotine pouches and the last part examined the experience with oral tobacco use....
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Prevalence of substance abuse among employees of low-threshold and outpatient addictology services in the Czech Republic
Hrdý, Antonín ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Background: The prevalence of substance use in the general population is commonly mapped, as is the issue of substance prevalence among drug users themselves. There is no official research in the Czech Republic that deals with the prevalence of substance use among workers in addictology services. Objectives: The aim of the research is to map the prevalence of the use of legal and illegal addictive substances in a selected research population. The results of the mapping will show which addictive substances are most frequently used by members of the research population, which substances have the highest lifetime prevalence and which substances are not very popular in this population. Methods: The basic orientation of the empirical survey was quantitative. Data were obtained through an online questionnaire survey. Out of the total number of 589 employees, 41.9% of employees of outpatient or low-threshold addictology services participated in the research, ie 247 respondents. The research was carried out in the period from March 28, 2021 to April 17, 2021. Results: The prevalence of experience with legal and illegal addictive substances, both living, in the last 12 months or in the last 30 days is significantly higher for workers in drp-in centres and outpatient addictology services in the Czech...
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