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Jewish year and his feast
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Krupková, Jaroslava (referee)
The thesis deals with important and festive days in the Jewish calendar. It studies their origin both in historical context and in the context of celebrations and customs observed during the festivals. It deals with the festivals both from the religious point of view, i.e. religious commands and orders, and from the societal point of view where it aims at mapping the customs and traditions which are followed but which are not based on religious texts or rabbi tradition. The scope of the text dedicated in the thesis to specific festivals does not strictly copy the religious importance or the popularity of a particular festival with Jewish population; rather, it is guided by the scope of historical background and customs followed in connection with the festival. As a result, some less popular festivals in the society are more prominent than it would have been expected judging by their importance. The thesis presents individual festivals in the chronological order of the religious year, with the exception of Shabbat which is observed every week and Rosh Chodesh celebrated monthly. These festivals were included before other festivals and make up a separate chapter. The broad scope of the thesis encompassing all festive days, including modern festivals, mostly established by the State of Israel, enables...
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Mechanisms of metronidazole resistance in bacteria and anaerobic eukaryotes
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Hrdý, Ivan (advisor) ; Kulda, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis tries to describe mechanisms of resistance in different groups of organisms, where metronidazole is used for treatment. These organisms are bacteria (genus Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Clostridium) as well as anaerobic eukaryota (genus Trichomonas, Tritrichomonas, Entamoeba, Giardia). It is important, that metronidazole acts selectively only on cells living in anaerobic or microaerophilic environments. Metronidazole enters the cell by passive diffusion and is subsequently reduced to cytotoxic intermediate which damages the cell at different levels. Metronidazole can also enter the cell with aerobic metabolism, also the reduction can occur, but the eventual radical is then thanks to oxygen transformed back to metronidazole in the process called futile cycling. Oxygen then forms superoxide, O2-. Organisms with aerobic or microaerophilic metabolism cannot detoxify nitroradical with oxygen, so they developed other ways how they protect themselves against the harmful effects of nitroradicals. Sensitivity of these patogens to metronidazole correlates with the changes of their enzymatic constitution. Perhaps the most basic mechanism how the patogens combat metronidazole is the prevention of reduction of the drug. The way how the organisms prevent reduction differs between species. There is a...
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Residential buildings made of bricks in Prague districts Střešovice, Dejvice and Bubeneč from the First Republic Era
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bendová, Eva (referee)
The master thesis follows the research within the framework of the Student Monuments Mission which among other things found a higher occurrence of family houses made of bricks in Prague districts Střešovice, Dejvice and Bubeneč from the first half of the 20th century. The research discovered also a striking proportion of artists among their builders. The student will work with the list of these buildings and analyse them in the core chapter of thesis including typology and classifying into context with the surrounding buildings. This part will be prepared by introductory chapters in which will be presented brick like a material in history, will be showed traditional of producing and using bricks in Prague architecture. Then will be focused brick as a means of expression of modern architecture, from a global context to more elaborate Czech and Prague architecture. Student will summarize the analysis of individual buildings in conclusion and try to explain the primordial research. The master thesis will include a pictorial supplement.
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The liturgical objects of the Church of Our Lady Victorious in Prague designed by Otmar Oliva
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Jarošová, Markéta (advisor) ; Oulíková, Petra (referee)
Anotace: Bakalářská práce se zabývá novodobým liturgickým vybavením v kostele Panny Marie Vítězné a sv. Antonína Paduánského na Malé Straně, které navrhl a zhotovil český akademický sochař Otmar Oliva. Ten pro karmelitský kostel vytvořil nový oltář, ambon, kříž, křtitelnici s kropenkou v jednom a další liturgické předměty, které byly završeny slavnostním obřadem svěcení dne 18. října 2015. Práce má za cíl představit sochaře Otmara Olivu a seznámit s jeho pracemi pro kostel Panny Marie Vítězné. Tato práce je zaměřena v kontextu se zajímavou historií kostela, která je rovněž spjatá s historií naší země. Část práce se věnuje údajům od založení luteránského kostela Nejsvětější Trojice, a kdy po jejich vypovězení po bitvě na Bílé Hoře získali stavbu bosí karmelitáni. Dále se zaměřuje na samotnou architekturu kostela, na jeho interiér a vnitřní vybavení.
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Jewish year and his feast
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Krupková, Jaroslava (referee)
The thesis deals with important and festive days in the Jewish calendar. It studies their origin both in historical context and in the context of celebrations and customs observed during the festivals. It deals with the festivals both from the religious point of view, i.e. religious commands and orders, and from the societal point of view where it aims at mapping the customs and traditions which are followed but which are not based on religious texts or rabbi tradition. The scope of the text dedicated in the thesis to specific festivals does not strictly copy the religious importance or the popularity of a particular festival with Jewish population; rather, it is guided by the scope of historical background and customs followed in connection with the festival. As a result, some less popular festivals in the society are more prominent than it would have been expected judging by their importance. The thesis presents individual festivals in the chronological order of the religious year, with the exception of Shabbat which is observed every week and Rosh Chodesh celebrated monthly. These festivals were included before other festivals and make up a separate chapter. The broad scope of the thesis encompassing all festive days, including modern festivals, mostly established by the State of Israel, enables...
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Characterization of hydrogenosomal iron-sulfur flavoproteins from Trichomonas vaginalis
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Hrdý, Ivan (advisor) ; Kašný, Martin (referee)
Trichomonas vaginalis is flagelated microaerophilic protozoan parasite from Excavata group, which causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in the world. It causes vaginitis in women and uretritis in man and it can also cause problems for example during pregnancy. This thesis is aimed on the characterisation of hydrogenosomal iron-sulfur flavoproteins (ISF) from Trichomonas vaginalis, proteins, which were only recently discovered in the proteome of hydrogenosome of T. vaginalis. Specifically, we have focused on characterisation of ISF3 which is, according to our data, active homodimer and binds flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and iron-sulphur centre in its active site. The iron- sulphur centre is not characterised yet. ISF3 is able to reduce oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, sodium nitrate and metronidazole also in the enzymatic system with PFO and ferredoxin. Next, I tried to reduce ammonium sulphate with ISF3, but unsuccessfully. These results correspond with the activities obtained for ISF from Methanosarcina thermophila, where ISF reduces oxygen and hydrogen peroxide to water. In addition, ISF3 is able to reduce nitrogen compounds. It is important according to the fact, that metronidazole is a drug from the group of 5−nitroimidazoles. The other results show the decrease...
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Mechanisms of metronidazole resistance in bacteria and anaerobic eukaryotes
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Kulda, Jaroslav (referee) ; Hrdý, Ivan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis tries to describe mechanisms of resistance in different groups of organisms, where metronidazole is used for treatment. These organisms are bacteria (genus Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Clostridium) as well as anaerobic eukaryota (genus Trichomonas, Tritrichomonas, Entamoeba, Giardia). It is important, that metronidazole acts selectively only on cells living in anaerobic or microaerophilic environments. Metronidazole enters the cell by passive diffusion and is subsequently reduced to cytotoxic intermediate which damages the cell at different levels. Metronidazole can also enter the cell with aerobic metabolism, also the reduction can occur, but the eventual radical is then thanks to oxygen transformed back to metronidazole in the process called futile cycling. Oxygen then forms superoxide, O2-. Organisms with aerobic or microaerophilic metabolism cannot detoxify nitroradical with oxygen, so they developed other ways how they protect themselves against the harmful effects of nitroradicals. Sensitivity of these patogens to metronidazole correlates with the changes of their enzymatic constitution. Perhaps the most basic mechanism how the patogens combat metronidazole is the prevention of reduction of the drug. The way how the organisms prevent reduction differs between species. There is a...
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Anti-doping policy and the development of doping in the Czech Republic
Jindrová, Anna ; Pilařová, Karolína (referee) ; Malecha, Petr (advisor)
Title: Anti-doping policy and the development of doping in the Czech Republic. Points of thesis: The points of thesis is to predict future developments in the fight against doping and design more effective and consistent fight against doping in sport based on the complete analysis of the anti-doping policy around the world, as well as in the Czech republic and analysis of development in doping in the Czech republic from 2000 to present. I chose this period because I consider the data obtained in this period to be sufficiently significant and relevant. At the same time, this time horizon is sufficient to establish a trend in the modern development of doping in the Czech Republic. Objectives of the thesis will be achieved by compliance with sub-tasks, which include: Identification and characterization of the concepts relating to the topic: doping, the institutional form of anti-doping policy, legislative form of anti-doping policy, prohibited substances and doping methods. Selection of appropriate methods for gathering information, data and documents for subsequent analysis Analysis of the anti-doping policy and development of doping in the Czech republic Presentation of proposals and recommendations to improve and streamline the fight against doping in the Czech republic Methods: To achieve the...
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Plants containing toxic substances in the garden of nursery schools
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Pavlíková, Daniela (advisor) ; Jitka, Jitka (referee)
This thesis is focused on the occurrence of poisonous plants in gardens of nursery schools, assesses the level of danger to children and awareness of teachers who ensure the safety of children during their stay in the nursery schools. Attention is paid to individual groups of plant toxic compounds. Reactions of the organism to their presence, including examples of poisoning caused some of them, and a first aid for intoxications are discussed. Mentioned are the most dangerous plants with possible occurrence in our geographical conditions, and esp. those that can entice children by an attractive appearance of some of their parts (flowers, fruits, etc.). It also includes a statistical analysis of the incidence of poisonous plants in gardens of nursery schools and the awareness of educational supervision. The conclusions of the investigation indicates that in gardens of nursery schools are often found large quantities of various dangerous plants containing toxic substances and children use for their games some parts of such plants. Although the evaluation of the actual toxicity of the plants is very difficult, there's no space for underestimating this danger and it is appropriate that teachers recognize poisonous plants. Toxic plant substances have high biological activity in low doses. This work should serve as a basis for creating material for purposes of public health surveillance in schools and school facilities and manuals directly for the needs of schools, because gardens of nursery schools are due to young age, intellectual capacity and a high number of children the riskiest place for the possibility of poisoning.
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Differentiation of semiochemicals among lineages of the bed bug (Cimex lectularius)
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Balvín, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kateřina, Kateřina (referee)
Lineages of the common bedbug Cimex lectularius associated with bats and humans separated from each other tens or hundreds of thousands years ago. Currently, they are genetically isolated and some degree of postcopulatory reproduction barrier has been shown. This thesis aims to test the possible mechanisms of precopulatory isolation. Possible differences of semiochemicals between the host lineages were examined by experiments in arenas (four shelters, two unconditioned, one conditioned by scent of specific lineage and one by scent of non-specific lineage, put together in one arena, to which one bedbug male was introduced every time). For the experiment, six breeds (three from bat lineage and three from human lineage) which originated from different parts of Czech Republic were used.
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