|
|
Earthworm assemblages on afforested colliery spoil heaps as affected by tree species
Pižl, Václav
Earthworm assemblages were analysed at twenty-eight colliery spoil heap sites of similar age located in the Sokolov open-cast coal mining district, north-western Bohemia, Czech Republic. Sites afforested with different tree species, namely spruce, pine, larch, oak, lime, and alder, were selected for the study in four replicates each, and compared with un-reclaimed sites covered with spontaneously developed vegetation. No difference was found in the density of earthworms between un-reclaimed sites and coniferous stands, however, a significant effect of tree species on worm density was observed at sites with deciduous afforestation. Dense earthworm populations developed in alder and lime plantations, while worm density was significantly lower under oak. Similarly, earthworm biomass at sites with coniferous afforestation did not differ from that of un-reclaimed heaps and was significantly lower than those at sites with deciduous afforestation.
|
|
|
Has .i.Tilia x euchlora./i. a detrimental effect on soil annelids in urban greens?
Schlaghamerský, J. ; Khodabocus, J.B. ; Pižl, Václav
The potential effect of the exotic linden .i.Tilia x euchlora./i., widely planted in urban greens, on soil-dwelling annelids (Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae) was investigated in two parks in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Linden trees are the source of honeydew that might affect soil biota and remains an important input of these trees into the soil compartment even if litter is being removed as part of the park management. There have also been discussions about the alleged toxicity of .i.T. x euchlora./i. nectar to pollinators. The native .i.T. platyphyllos./i. was used as a control. Within two days in November 2006 annelids were sampled at three different distances (1 m, 3 m, 6 m) along transects from the trees to well developed lawns. Earthworms were extracted by the electrical-octet method, enchytraeids by wet funnel extraction from soil cores taken down to 12 cm.
|
|
|
Vybrané fyziologické parametry žížaly .i.Dendrobaena mrazeki./i. (Černosvitov, 1935)
Šustr, Vladimír ; Pižl, Václav
.i.Dendrobaena mrazeki./i. shows preferences for xerothermic habitats, i.e. behaviour unusual for Central European earthworms. Several ecophysiological parameters of .i.D. mrazeki./i. were measured as a basis for further investigation of its environmental adaptations. pH about 7 prevailed in the gut of the species. The profile of digestive enzymes included all important saccharolytic enzymes and did not differ from those of other earthworms indicating no exclusivity in .i.D. mrazeki./i. feeding habits. Melting and supercooling points of body fluid were similar to those of relative species .i.D. octaedra./i.. The adaptation of .i.D. mrazeki./i. to xerothermic habitats may result from its desiccation tolerance, ability of quiescence and/or from its partly endogeic mode of life. Quiescent adult individuals were found to survive about 60 days at 15 % soil moisture.
|
|
|
Společenstva žížal ve středoevropských bukových lesích
Pižl, Václav
The aim of the study was to summarize data about earthworms inhabiting beech forests in the Czech Republic and to compare faunas of different beech forest types. Forty-five beech forests located across the country were sampled for earthworms during 1994-2004. In total, 30 species and subspecies of earthworms were identified, among which .i.Dendrobaena octaedra, D. vejdovskyi, D. illyrica, Dendrodrillus rubidus, Lumbricus rubellus, Octolasion lacteum./i. were most frequently recorded. Moder soils of acidophilous forests contained only 3.2-48 animals per square meter out of 1-6 epigeic species, however, mull soils of neutrophilous herb-rich forests possessed rich earthworm communities (8-14 species, 65-211 ind.m.sup.-2./sup.) composed of the representatives of both epigeic, endogeic and anecic earthworms. Soil pH was suggested as the main factor determining the inter-site differences in earthworm density.
|
|
|
Dlouhodobý půdně-zoologický výzkum v CHKO Jeseníky
Rusek, Josef ; Starý, Josef ; Tajovský, Karel ; Pižl, Václav
CHKO Jeseníky a její přírodní rezervace představují z hlediska půdně-zoologického velmi cennou oblast, v níž se na malém území setkávají arkto-alpínské elementy s teplomilnými prvky na jedné straně a karpatské elementy se sudetskými na straně druhé a seskupují se do charakteristických a bohatých společenstev v závislosti na vysoké ekosystémové diversifikací území. Půdní fauna je vůdčím půdotvorným činitelem a podmiňuje i zdejší výskyt reliktních tundrových půd. Management chráněných území musí vycházet z komplexních vědeckých poznatků a ekosystémových přístupů a půda musí být jejich nedílnou součástí.
|
|
|
Mikroskopické houby v půdě, listovém opadu, exkrementech a střevním traktu .i.Dendrobaena mrazeki./i. (Lumbricidae)
Nováková, Alena ; Pižl, Václav
Species diversity and quantitative parameters (mycelial length, CFU counts) of saprotrophic microfungi assemblages were studied in the intestine and casts of .i.D. mrazeki./i. and compared with those in soil and litter at four plots of a thermophilous oak forest in Southern Moravia (Czech Republic) in 2004. Soil dilution plate method and soil washing technique and three isolation media were used for the isolation of fungi. Differences in species number and composition of fungi assemblages were found both among individual substrates studied and between the results of different isolation methods. Number of species isolated by the soil dilution plate method was higher in earthworm casts than in soil, however, the opposite results were obtained using soil washing technique. CFU counts reached the highest values in leaf litter.
|
|
|
Žížaly v ekotonu pole - les
Pižl, Václav ; Zeithaml, J.
The effects of a forest-field ecotone on the density, biomass and species composition of earthworm communities were assessed. Five sites (blocks) differing in type of crop rotation used in the field were studied near Kostelec nad Černými Lesy, Czech Republic. At each block, soil samples were taken in seven parallel rows perpendicular to a transect from the oak forest to the centre of the field. Individual rows were located: in the forest (5 m from the edge), on the foresf edge, and in the field in distances of 5,10, 25, 50, 100 m from the edge of the forest. Six samples were taken in each row in spring 2001. Digging and hand sorting of soil samples, followed by formalin application was used to extract earthworms. Nine species and subspecies of earthworms were identified, among which .i.Aporrectodea caliginosa./i. predominated. Per block, the species number varied from 5 to 7.
|
|
|
Vývoj půdní fauny na loukách obnovených na orné půdě: Iniciální fáze sukcesního vývoje
Tajovský, Karel ; Pižl, Václav ; Starý, Josef ; Balík, Vladimír ; Frouz, Jan ; Schlaghamerský, J. ; Háněl, Ladislav ; Rusek, Josef ; Kalčík, Jiří
The development of soil fauna assemblages (testate amoebae, nematodes, enchytraeids, earthworms, terrestrial isopods, millipedes, centipedes, collembolans, dipteran larvae) has been investigated in a -field experiment since autumn 1999. Four types of treatment were studied in plots previously managed as arable land: 1) sowing with a native seed mixture, 2) sowing of a 5 m wide central strip with native and the lateral strips with commercial seed mixture, 3) sowing of a 5 m wide central strip with native seed mixture, leaving the lateral strips to spontaneous succession, and 4) leaving to spontaneous succession (abandoned field). The observed increase of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the individual soil animal groups corresponded to the initial phase of successional development. Eurytopic and euryvalent representatives as well as epigeic species of soil micro-, meso- and macrofauna prevailed in the studied treatments during the first years of observation.
|
|
|
Soil macrofauna of mountain spruce stands in the Bohemian Forest as affected with selective tree cutting
Tajovský, Karel ; Pižl, Václav
Assemblages of soil macrofauna (earthworms, millipedes and centipedes) were studied in three specially protected mountain spruce stands in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic) in 2000-2003 using soil sampling to assess their quantitative and qualitative parameters. Spruce forests under study possessed poor (density 7,7-61,3 ind.m-2), but very specific earthworm assemblages built of 2-4 acidotolerant epigeic species. Similarly, assemblages of millipedes were low in both density (1,6-44,8 ind.m-2) and species numbers. Density of centipedes reached 41,1-206,4 ind.m-2, and their assemblages were composed mainly of the representatives of the order Geophilomorpha. Comparison of intact stands and those with selective cutting of spruce trees showed the negative impact of forestry management on populations of millipedes and centipedes. Density of both groups as well as species number of millipedes was markedly lower at selectively cut plot in the Trojmezná. On the contrary, denser earthworm populations were found at cut than at intact plots, most probably due to changes in herb vegetation and litter layer followed tree cutting.
|
|
| |
guest ::
RSS feed.