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Linguistic Gratifications
Novotný, Tomáš ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Sherman, Tamah (referee)
This paper aims to provide a basic overall description of the phenomenon called language gratification. In Language Management Theory this phenomenon represents a kind of metalanguage behaviour entailing a positive evaluation. Language Management Theory including language gratifications is presented in this paper extensively. Afterwards, various methodological procedures which can be used for obtaining relevant data are introduced. The use of these methods is then illustrated in the analytical part comprising a series of examples, while other sources of data are mentioned. Next part presents a basic typology of language gratifications, in comparison to the typology of language problems on the one hand, and based on the findings acquired during the work on this paper on the other hand. The problems related with the research on language gratifications and some research perspectives are discussed in the concluding parts.
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Neovolcanic Rocks of the SW part of the Most Basin in the area of Tušimice power plant open pit
Sobotka, Martin ; Kachlík, Václav (advisor) ; Novotný, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with geological, petrological and geochemical studies of neovolcanic rocks of the SW part of the Most Basin in the area of Tušimice power plant open pit. There are two lava flows affected by coal mining in northern part of the mine. Petrological and geochemical studies with K-Ar dating relatively recent rocks in mostly weatherworn volcanic rocks showed, that they can be classified as Ti-rich basaltic rocks without olivine (tephrites), which belong to the main volcanic phase in the evolution of the Eger graben. It was evidenced geologicaly and with K-Ar dating, that studied rocks were seperated from underlying beda by hiatus which caused erosion of volcanic rocks as well as crystalline bedrock. Mmajor and trace elements composition of co-magmactic volcanics showed that rock were derived from two slightly different sources of upper mantle. Composition of two samples indicates the formation from low degree of partial melting strongly metasomatic asthenospheric mantle. Chemical features of volcanic rocks show that mantle source was comparamble to recent OIB basalts. Last sample arose from less metasomatized and depth distincted mantle which was affected by higher level of partial melting. Melts from which crystallized both rocks were minimaly affected by asimilation or...
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General extenders in the sitcom "Friends" dialogue
Novotný, Tomáš ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The thesis explores an area of vague language, specifically a set of linguistic elements called 'general extenders' (e.g., or something (like that), and stuff (like that)). While early research claimed that these forms have primarily referential functions (category implication and list construction) and that they typically occur at clause- and utterance-final positions ('utterance final tags' (Aijmer 1985)), more recent studies stress that, above all, general extenders perform interpersonal functions in communication (e.g., marking an attitude towards a preceding utterance, politeness strategies, expressing different levels of certainty). Furthermore, due to the ongoing process of grammaticalisation (phonological reduction and decategorisation), general extenders acquire new discourse functions and occur more freely within a sentence. The thesis aims to investigate the behaviour of general extenders in terms of both syntax (sentence types and clause positions) and their communicative functions. To that end, the Research part is divided into two subchapters: quantitative and qualitative. Whereas syntactic behaviour can be objectively quantified, an analysis of communicative functions of every pragmatic marker is necessarily subject to a certain degree of subjective interpretation. The shared...
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Use of applications of algebra in sciences at secondary schools
Novotný, Tomáš ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
The MA thesis focuses on the strategies pupils use when solving mathematical problems involving systems of linear equations in other subjects, namely in physics and chemistry. Drawing on the results of the experiment, the aim of the thesis is to propose ways in which these problems can be used in math lessons. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to those branches of physics and chemistry in which systems of linear equations are used. In the following part, the experiment itself is described. Divided into two parts, the first part of the experiment focuses on pupils at lower secondary schools, the other on pupils at upper secondary schools. The final part of the thesis is dedicated to suggesting how problems from physics and chemistry can be used in math lessons when introducing and practising systems of linear equations. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Stochastic dynamics and energetics of biomolecular systems
Ryabov, Artem ; Chvosta, Petr (advisor) ; Novotný, Tomáš (referee) ; Papáček, Štěpán (referee)
Title: Stochastic dynamics and energetics of biomolecular systems Author: Artem Ryabov Department: Department of Macromolecular Physics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Petr Chvosta, CSc., Department of Macromolecular Physics Abstract: The thesis comprises exactly solvable models from non-equilibrium statistical physics. First, we focus on a single-file diffusion, the diffusion of particles in narrow channel where particles cannot pass each other. After a brief review, we discuss open single-file systems with absorbing boundaries. Emphasis is put on an interplay of absorption process at the boundaries and inter-particle entropic repulsion and how these two aspects affect the dynam- ics of a given tagged particle. A starting point of the discussions is the exact distribution for the particle displacement derived by order-statistics argu- ments. The second part of the thesis is devoted to stochastic thermodynam- ics. In particular, we present an exactly solvable model, which describes a Brownian particle diffusing in a time-dependent anharmonic potential. The potential has a harmonic component with a time-dependent force constant and a time-independent repulsive logarithmic barrier at the origin. For a particular choice of the driving protocol, the exact work characteristic func- tion is obtained. An asymptotic analysis of...
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Genesis and paleogeographic significance of the clastic bands in the main coal of the Most Basin
Novotný, Tomáš ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Rojík, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis presents first systematic geochemical a petrographical research of clastic bands in the lower-miocene Main Coal of the Most Basin. The main target of the thesis is evaluation of proxy analyses (EDXRF) of clastic bands and ash yield from coal. This method allows for identification of paleogeographic information about provenance of clastics derived from two different sources. The first source area represents weathered Tertiary volcanoclastics and the second is derived from crystalline basement in southwest part of the Bohemian Massif. Different geochemical signal of these two source areas detected in clastic bands allowed to constrain the switching of provenance into the lower part of the middle bench of the Main Coal in the Bílina open-cast mine whereas in the Doly Nástup-Tušimice mine this change occurs below the Main Coal. This result corresponds with idea of gradual changing of provenance across basin. Anomalous geochemical composition characterised by apparently increased content of Sr-Ba-P-Ca elements in one of clastic bands in the lower part of the Main Coal exposed in the Doly Nástup-Tušimice open-cast mine is related to presence of phosphate group minerals florencite and woodhouseite minerals as confirmed by RTG diffraction. This assemblage suggests possible admixture of...
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Genesis and distribution of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin
Novotný, Tomáš ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Martínek, Karel (referee)
The thesis summarizes contemporary state of knowledge of genesis and distrubution of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin. In the first part of the thesis I provide a classification and description of clastic bands including volcanoclastic and sedimentary bands. Following is the description of geology and stratigraphy of the Most Basin, and especially of the Main Coal, which contains many clastic bands. The thesis is focused mainly on the Bílina area, because the most of geologic research has been taken there.The main aim of the thesis is to distinguish various kinds of clastic bands in the Main Coal of the Most Basin, especially from genetic point of view. There are two kinds of sedimentary clastic bands. Predominant type of clastic bands in the western part of the Most basin are clastic bands related to fluvial processes of the Žatec delta. In the eastern part of the Most Basin (e.g. Bílina open-cast mine) we can distinguish two types of clastic bands. Clastic bands bounded to fluvial systems are settled in the lower and middle bench of the Main Coal. Predominating type in the upper bench are clastic bands formed during the late lake highstand when the Bílina delta started to prograde into the mire. Clastic bands in the upper bench of the Main Coal thus pass to the prodeltaic clastics...
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Stochastická dynamika bublin v DNA
Kaiser, Vojtěch ; Novotný, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chvosta, Petr (referee)
Název práce: Stochastická dynamika bublin v DNA Autor: Bc. Vojtěch Kaiser Katedra: Katedra fyziky kondenzovaných látek Vedoucí diplomové práce: RNDr. Tomáš Novotný, Ph.D., Katedra fyziky kondenzovaných látek Abstrakt: Bubliny v DNA jsou místa, kde se vlivem tepelných či torsních vlivů otevírá dvojšroubovice DNA. Tyto bubliny jsou považovány za důležité pro termodynamiku DNA [56] a biologické procesy s DNA spojené [23,40,43,49]. V článcích [38, 39] byla řešena stochastická dynamika bublin v DNA na zá- kladě Polandova-Scheragova modelu a získány analytické výsledky při tep- lotě denaturace DNA a pro asymptotiku dlouhých časů, zvláště pro hustotu pravděpodobnosti času setkání konců bubliny. V této práci navazujeme na tyto výsledky a počítáme celkový tvar této hustoty pravděpodobností s vy- užitím numerické inverse analytických vztahů v Laplacově obraze. Dále po- čítáme hustotu pravděpodobnosti místa setkání konců bubliny. Odpovídající výsledky jsou numericky spočteny v případě molekul DNA konečné délky. Zachycování bubliny v oblastech bohatých na AT páry je modelováno jako subdifusivní systém dle článku [42] a jsou počítány stejné veličiny jako pro difusivní model. V závěru diskutujeme tyto výsledky a možnost jejich experi- mentálního ověření. Klíčová slova: bubliny v DNA,...
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Prohibition of torturing under international law in the light of changed international threats
Novotný, Tomáš ; Honusková, Věra (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee)
Resumé Aj The purpose of my thesis is to provide a detailed view of prohibition of torture in contemporary practice of States. De iure is the absolute prohibition of torture unquestionable. However situation de facto is more complicated. States are very inventive in finding ways of circumventing this absolute prohibition. Their justification for circumventing the prohibition of torture may be called various things, such as diplomatic assurances, extraordinary rendition, interpretation of the definition of torture, national security, etc. Due to the limited scope of this work, I have selected the approaches of those States, which I find most worrisome and I will address them by presenting the practice of these individual States. This thesis has focused on an approach of certain European States, USA and Israel in their attempts to circumvent the absolute prohibition of torture. All examples support the topic of this thesis, however in different contexts. The thesis is composed of three core chapters. Chapter One deals with the legal status of the prohibition of torture. Chapter Two affirms the absolute prohibition of torture by case - law of ECtHR in cases Chahal v UK and Saadi v Italy. Chapter Three is subdivided into three parts. Part one reveals disturbing willingness of German courts as well as German...
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