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Chances of Control over Hazardous Gaming in Positive Law in the Town of Brno
Holubová, Kristýna ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Novotný, Josef (referee)
As gambling has always been connected with psychopathological effects, the legal executives of every society have tried with various powers to regulate hazardous gaming. Nevertheless, the regulations on the hazardous gaming also affected the income of the town and state coffers. Between the years 2002-2007 the total amount of money put into all hazardous gaming in the Czech Republic increased from 69 billions to 108 billion CZK, which is an increase by 55%. The largest market share, when evaluated according to value of all placed bets, has the gaming machines with market share of 53%. The technical games, as the interactive video lottery terminals, are at the second place. The present legal regulations enable the town hall executives to control in particular the winning gaming machines. However this is, these machines are being substituted by interactive video lottery terminals and their regulation is not directly required by the lottery law. This situation is not favoured by the municipal representatives of individual Brno districts. The present legal regulations do not allow in higher and clearer impact the control over hazardous gaming in the town of BRNO.
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Interventions using Community-led total sanitation approach (CLTS) in developing countries: an analysis of practical experience
Ficek, František ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Verner, Vladimír (referee)
Interventions using Community-led total sanitation approach (CLTS) in developing countries: an analysis of practical experience Nearly one billion people in developing countries lack an access to basic sanitation facilities and still practice open defecation (OD). In recent years one approach has gained notable popularity among other approaches for improving sanitation, Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), which ultimately aims to establish new social norms that determine behavioral change leading to elimination of OD. While many perceive this approach as a revolutionary way of improving sanitation, it is criticized for its use of unethical practices and its effectiveness has been questioned. This thesis assesses opinions and experience of CLTS implementers obtained via interviews with 19 practitioners from 14 developing countries. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative research methods and evaluated in a context of theoretical knowledge concerning behavioral change, sanitation and hygiene. Obtained insights overall showed that practitioners consider CLTS as an effective tool and are satisfied with its application, but at the same time they are aware of limits and controversies associated with it. They are also aware of needs of a constant improvement and modification depending on the given...
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Factors that influence the use of rainwater harvesting systems for domestic drinking water consumption in rural areas of developing countries
Cahlíková, Markéta ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Lungová, Kristýna (referee)
This thesis discusses rainwater harvesting systems (RWH systems). It particularly focuses on systems collecting rainwater for domestic consumption in rural areas of developing countries. The main aim of the thesis is to identify factors, which influence the willingness and ability of people to adopt and use properly these RWH systems. I began with a brief introduction into the topic of the good-quality drinking water scarcity and with a discussion of relevant information about the RWH systems. The method used for the research was a systematic review. The relevant literature was systematically searched, selected, evaluated, and the relevant material was then processed with regards to the importance of particular factors influencing the RWH systems adption and utilization. Altogether, 26 influential factors were identified and discussed.
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Political Nepotism
Šebek, Jiří ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Profant, Martin (referee) ; Novotný, Josef (referee)
There is circumstantial and scientific evidence of nepotism in Europe and USA, and among politicians, judges and other elites. Despite this, an access to positions of power in a liberal democracy is restricted in the sense that occupational following in the offices is subject to public scrutiny. There is a conflict between a personal obligation to promote one's kin and a public obligation to promote liberty. This public duty emerges from a duty to allow access to offices of power to those who have the misfortune of not being born as dynastic followers. It is based on John Rawls's original position which is a thought experiment establishing an impartial environment to detect chief principles adjudicating conflicts of moral doctrines, fairly. In it, the condition of impartiality is achieved by means which are found in this dissertation to be excessive. Its blanked ban on biases immolates even those biases which contribute to fairness, despite their partiality. When nepotism is partly considered an expression of altruism, it shows a capacity to increase cohesion, impede free-driving and improve economy. In order to preserve these virtues, an improved condition of impartiality is offered to enhance Rawls's theory and to classify instances of nepotism according to their effects on improving or hampering...
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