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Enteral nutrition in terms of intensive care - Experiences of nurses
Nejdlová, Tereza ; Hocková, Jana (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
My thesis is about enteral nutrition in intensive care with a focus on nurses. Enteral nutrition is a very hot topic not only in the field of intensive care, therefore my goal was to map the knowledge and experience of nurses in this important area of nursing. The final work consists of two parts. In the first part deals with the latest available knowledge in the field of enteral nutrition in intensive care in the country. This chapter contains individual subchapters consisting of definitions, indications, contraindications, distribution, technology and complications of enteral nutrition. In the second part I use research methods and statistical processing of data related to the enteral nutrition, and knowledge of nurses in this area. Prior research, I identified five hypotheses, which I after statistical processing of the questionnaires filled by the above- mentioned nurse intensive care or resuscitation, confirmed. The practical part is a discussion of the work and overall appreciation in the form of conclusions. I included the some topical pictures and diagrams to the appendix. Key words Enteral nutrition, nutrition, sipping, tube, intensive care, nurse, patient
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Long-term vascular access for home parenteral nutrition and their complications
Králová, Petra ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Home parenteral nutrition is a treatment enabling the patients with intestinal failure to live their lifes in their home environment. The possibility to commence and practise home parenteral nutrition requires not only a medical and pharmaceutical team, but also paramedical staff, which plays a signifiant part mainly in education of the patient and his close relatives. The study's aim was to characterize the patients involved in the home parenteral nutrition programme (HPN) and catheters used for this purpose and as well to analyze complication rate of the long term catheters related to their use and subsequent care. Into the retrospective quantitative study were included patiens treated with home parenteral nutrition since january 2009 to september 2015 within one nutrition care center. Data collection was realized by research in medical documentation. Altogether 135 patients were included in the study (93 female and 42 male), who have hade 227 catheters inserted in total (114 portcatheters, 73 Broviac catheters and 40 PICC) with 86 187 catheter days. The most frequent basic disease was cancer (36%) and the most prevalent indication to HPN was a short bowel syndrome (50%). Overall complication rate was 2,12/1000 catheter days (1,62 catheter sepsis, identically local infections and thrombotic...
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Functional role of purinergic P2X receptors in the supraoptic nuclei of the rat and structure-function relations of recombinant P2X receptors.
Vávra, Vojtěch ; Zemková, Hana (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee)
Purinergic P2X receptors are non-selective cationic channels gated by extracellular ATP. Up to now, seven mammalian subunits, termed P2X1-X7, have been cloned and characterized. These receptors comprise a new membrane channel family with distinct structural and functional features. P2X receptors take part in a signalling network called "purinergic signalling" which is widely exploited in both somatic and neuronal tissues. In the central nervous system, they are highly expressed in the hypothalamus and hypophysis, where they participate in the regulation of homeostatic and reproductional functions. The main focus of my Thesis is on the expression and functional role of P2X receptors in supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. These nuclei contain two populations of magnocellular neurons which produce either oxytocin or arginine-vasopressin. Delivery of the hormones into the systemic blood relies on the electrical activity of supraoptic neurons, which is in turn governed by the incomming synaptic inputs. It has been recently shown, that the process of hormone release from supraoptic neurons is regulated by extracellular ATP. However, purinergic signals that regulate hormone secretion are not well understood. The aim of my study was to identify subtypes of P2X receptors expressed in the supraoptic...
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Organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly
Konopická, Olga ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with the organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly. The thesis itself is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on social services, age and changes connected with it, nutrition of the elderly, evaluation of nutritional status and accreditation of nutritional care. In the last part of the theoretical part I deal with the international project NutritionDay worldwide. NDay's vision is to minimize malnutrition in institutional care patients through the systematic collection and analysis of nutritional status data in healthcare facilities around the world. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to describe the organization of nutritional care in individual facilities and find out the nutritional status of clients in individual facilities by participating in the project nutritionDay worldwide 2018 (nDay) and comparing it with other facilities in the world. A partial objective was to find out the awareness of employees in the nursing section about the organization of nutritional care in their institution and also to obtain more detailed information about nutritional care in individual institutions. To the project nDay held on 15. 11. 2018 were involved three facilities, which I have labeled 1, 2 and 3 for the sake of...
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