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Living in Stalinism: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the Age of Terror and Building of Better Tomorrows
Lóži, Marián ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
The dissertation strives to analyze the functioning of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia at the turn of the 1940s and 1950s. It deals with contemporary social processes, namely extensive geographical migrations of population, and how these conditioned the party's operation. It focuses on the conditions that prevailed in the central, regional and district ranks of the party organism. It details the activities of the hierarchical machinery, the actions and interests of individuals and entire groups within the party. It conceives party actors both as determined by their environment and as autonomous actors with complex motivations and patterns of behavior. It deals with internal party terror, which included the so-called dictatorial practice of members of the regional stalinist elite, as well as the struggle against this practice led by lower officials and active party members, all within the framework of an official campaign to find enemies in the Communist Party. It sees the conflict as a specific phenomenon with its own conditions and dynamics, which more or less differed from region to region. As a result, there was a change in the social composition of the elite and the overall exercise of power. Dissertation considers the principles of Stalinism to be a fundamental factor in this...
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Propaganda in Czechoslovakia 1948-1956. Images of external enemy - production and reproduction
Palivodová, Eva ; Michela, Miroslav (advisor) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee) ; Randák, Jan (referee)
The dissertation thesis studies images of external enemies, which were part of the social and media discourse in Czechoslovakia between 1948-1956. These images are set in the context of contemporary Czechoslovak propaganda. Enemy images are sets of negative ideas and stereotypes that social groups form about competing communities. They appear in all human groups, including present Czech society. Enemy images form individual identity, identifying with one's own group, and defining oneself against the evil one. The literature usually distinguishes between two types of enemies - internal and external. Due to the wide breadth of the topic, the dissertation thesis focuses only on the dominant images of external enemies, that were represented as the primary rivals, objects of the most significant events in the Czechoslovak discourse. The dissertation consists of a theoretical and analytical part. The first chapter presents a theoretical introduction to the issue and deals with the phenomenon of propaganda. It briefly describes the historical development of propaganda, its various definitions. Furthermore, this section contains the concepts of the enemy image, its functions and the main typologies of the enemies. The second chapter puts the enemy images in the context of contemporary propaganda and deals...
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More labour, more beauty, more egality - women and building of socialism in discourse of local communist elites in 50's in Czechoslovakia
Kopeček, Martin ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
The paper is concerning about special way of "speech" about women in 50's in Czechoslovakia. In that paper is performed the research of official "regime" representations in area of gender relationships and gender roles (the discourse of "regime's" claim) on one hand, and on the other hand the research of nature and form of that "speech" (of women) in the space of one local communist party organisation (district organisation of Commnunist party of Czechoslovakia). The paper is concerning about comparison of those two types of discoursive levels. Base on that comparison is possible to distinguish more differences between the oficial and the local level. Especially, the local level is quite diffferent. The paper is concerning about the adequate explanation of those differences. In addition, the paper indicates the change of nature and form of that "speech" in second half of 50's. Also, the paper is concerning to explicate that change.
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Homosexuality in the Praxis and Discourse of Penal Law, Medicine and Civic Society from the Adoption of the 1852 Penal Code to the Adoption of the 1961 Penal Code
Seidl, Jan ; Putna, Martin (advisor) ; Sokolová, Věra (referee) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
This thesis deals with changes in conceptions of homosexuality and homosexual subculture as of something basically different, as they developed from the second third of the 19th century to the second half of the 20th century among Czech lawyers and physicians, as well as with changes of self-conceptualization of the Czech homosexual subculture itself, having occurred in the same time interval. It focuses mainly on attitudes and efforts of those who aimed at contributing to social emancipation of this subculture or - in times of increased persecution of homosexuality during the Nazi occupation - on the impossibility to carry on such efforts. The thesis is divided in five parts - in the first one, the legal context which provoked the emancipation efforts in times of the 1852 Penal Code being in force (i.e. until 1950) is explained; the next four parts focus on these efforts separately in four distinct periods. Thus, the second part deals with the expansion of the modern concept of homosexual identity in the Czech lands before WWI, the third part deals with sexual reform efforts by liberal lawyers and physicians as well as on emancipatory and political efforts by the homosexual community itself in the democratic First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938), aiming at decriminalization of homosexual acts,...
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The Social Democratic Party of Germany and Czechoslovakia (1973-1989)
Malínek, Tomáš ; Kučera, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
This doctoral thesis deals with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and its foreign policy towards Czechoslovakia during the 1970s and 1980s. It aims not only to analyse the relationship between SPD and KSČ (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia) but also the communication and cooperation between SPD, Czechoslovak dissidents and Czechoslovak political emigration. The main goal of the dissertation is to answer three basic questions: What were the goals of social democratic eastern policy (Ostpolitik) towards ČSSR? Were they achieved? Does the party changed its attitude towards Czechoslovakia after 1982, when it became an opposition party?
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Night in Czechoslovakia 1945 - 1960: representations and social practices
Dušková, Lucie ; Rákosník, Jakub (advisor) ; Kolář, Pavel (referee) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
Using the concepts of social imaginary (C. Castoriadis), social representations (S. Moscovici), Eigen-Sinn (A. Lüdtke) and tactics (M. de Certeau), this thesis answers the question of whether in people's democratic Czechoslovakia (1945-1960) came into existence, or was coming into existence, what could be called a "socialist night." The problem is addressed as in the domain of imagination and narrative as well as in the domain of everyday experience of night at the time when Czechoslovakia had ambition to establish a new economic, political and social order after the end of the World War Two. The first symbolical step in the process of creation of new Czechoslovakia was the end of the war and was proclaimed to be completed in July 1960, when the Socialist Constitution was adopted. The question is addressed with the use of analysis of audiovisual sources, media, administrative, legislative, technical-statistical and police sources. Other applied theories are also the concept of governamentality (M. Foucault), the mass culture (W. Benjamin, T. Adorno, M. Horkheimer) and the legitimate dominion (M. Weber).
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Sizing issues and anthropometric studies in mass-production of clothing in Czechoslovakia (1948-1953)
Foglová, Alena ; Storchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
The construction of the Czechoslovakian socialist state was accompanied by numerous social projects, through which the communist dictatorship strived to influence even the most ordinary aspects of everyday lives of its citizens. The mass production of the off-the-peg clothes, which was subject to the state scientific research, was characteristic of the clothing industry after the year 1948. As a result, extensive somatometric projects were run on the Czechoslovakian territory (ADAGO, GOLIÁŠ, DEKOLT I-III). Their purpose was to map the population sizes, create a unified clothes size scale and develop a new methodology for cut structure. Simultaneously with this research, discussions about the ideal fashion canon, which would reflect the socialist ideology, also took place. The thesis analyses the clothing expert discourse of the period in a broader context and takes into account its informative value with regard to the period's conceptions of clothing, corporality, and fashion. Key words socialist dictatorship, socialist ideology, clothing industry, off-the-peg clothes, somatometry, clothing research, anthropometry, expert discourse
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The discursive construction of an image of women in the nation
Prokůpková, Vendula ; Jiroutová Kynčlová, Tereza (advisor) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the discursive construction of an image of women in the Czech nation during the 70th-90th of the 19th century. In this period the process of nation-formation s culminated. There were also extensions of national ideology across all social strata of the Czech population in this time. The subject of research is defined to the sphere of liberal discourse. The subjects of analysis are articles in contemporary national-liberal press, namely newspaper Národní listy. As the analysis method for this survey was chosen the critical discourse analysis. Main questions, this thesis answers, is the way how is the image of women as a member of the Czech nation constructed, the subsequent development of this image and the construction of the differences between the Czech and German women.
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Homosexuality in the Praxis and Discourse of Penal Law, Medicine and Civic Society from the Adoption of the 1852 Penal Code to the Adoption of the 1961 Penal Code
Seidl, Jan ; Putna, Martin (advisor) ; Sokolová, Věra (referee) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
This thesis deals with changes in conceptions of homosexuality and homosexual subculture as of something basically different, as they developed from the second third of the 19th century to the second half of the 20th century among Czech lawyers and physicians, as well as with changes of self-conceptualization of the Czech homosexual subculture itself, having occurred in the same time interval. It focuses mainly on attitudes and efforts of those who aimed at contributing to social emancipation of this subculture or - in times of increased persecution of homosexuality during the Nazi occupation - on the impossibility to carry on such efforts. The thesis is divided in five parts - in the first one, the legal context which provoked the emancipation efforts in times of the 1852 Penal Code being in force (i.e. until 1950) is explained; the next four parts focus on these efforts separately in four distinct periods. Thus, the second part deals with the expansion of the modern concept of homosexual identity in the Czech lands before WWI, the third part deals with sexual reform efforts by liberal lawyers and physicians as well as on emancipatory and political efforts by the homosexual community itself in the democratic First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938), aiming at decriminalization of homosexual acts,...
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Gender perspectives of the Czech scout movement during the first half of the twentieth century
Mareš, Jan ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Gernderbestimmung der Beziehungen in der Welt der tschechischen Pfadfinderbewegung in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Es handelt sich um eine Zeit, die auf der einen Seite mit einer Diskussion über die Möglichlkeiten der Frauenemanzipazion verbunden war und die auf der anderen Seite manchmal als die Krise der Maskulinität bezeichnet wird. Vor diesem gesellschaftlichen Hintergrund wurde u.a. Skauting geformt. Die Arbeit berücksichtigt auch die Tatsache, dass Skauting in dieser Zeit ziemlich pluralistich war, und darum konzentriert sie sich auf den Vergleich dieser Problematik zwischen dem Svaz junák skaut RČS (Verein der Pfadfinder der Tschechoslowakischen Republik), den sozialistischen und katholischen Pfadfindern. Es wird ihre Handhabung der symbolischen, in der tschechischen bürgerlichen Gesellschaft den Männern und Frauen zugeordneten Dichotomien untersucht, besonders die Assoziation der Männer mit Kultur und Frauen mit Natur. Der Ruf nach einer Rückkehr zur Natur wird als eine Bemühung um eine Platzzuweisung der Maskulinität in der Welt und eine Wiederherstellung der früher dominierenden Maskulinität interpretiert. Gedanken des Pfadfindertums haben sich auch die Mädchen angeeignet, die im Skauting vielmehr die Möglichkeit sahen, um symbolisch und faktisch...
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