|
|
Psychological Aspects of Prevention of Sexual Risk Behavior with Attention to Attitudinal Changes in Adolescents
Goláňová, Ivana ; Čáp, David (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Sexual risk behavior is a phenomenon affecting physical and mental health of an individual. In this paper, the psychological aspects of specific types of sexual risk behavior with attention to its causes as well as its consequences are presented. It is focused on a developmental period of adolescence in the context of the risk behavior syndrome in adolescents. Furthermore, effective approaches to preventive activities are discussed. As for the objectives of programs, the main aim is to influence the attitudes of adolescents. These changes should be reflected in their behavior and can be measured. The paper projects a questionnaire for attitudes towards sexual risk behavior of adolescents entitled Inventory SP-20 that is also used in a research design. In the experiment, changes in attitudes within the preventive programs are measured. The change can be an indicator of effectivity of the programs. Keywords: adolescence problem behavior theory risk behavior sexual risk behavior effective prevention preventive programs sexual education attitudes attitudinal changes
|
|
|
Sentence imtation and working memory
Abrahámová, Miroslava ; Smolík, Filip (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
Previous studies have suggested that short-term and long-term memory processes in- dependently affect performance in the sentence-imitation task. The multi-component working memory model by Baddeley and Hitch offers a suitable theoretical description of how these processes contribute to this performance. In order to examine the influence of language knowledge located in the long-term me- mory on performance in the sentence-imitation task while statistically controlling for the influence of short-term memory, we assigned to our participants different tasks testing their language knowledge, phonological short-term memory (phonological loop), com- plex short-term memory (central executive) and the sentence-repetition task. Results from hierarchical linear regression yield significant contribution of the tasks testing language knowledge to explaining the variance in the sentence-imitation task, while controlling for the contributions from the phonological and complex short-term memory tasks. These results are in accordance with previous research and the theory of multi-component working memory. Keywords: working memory, episodic buffer, sentence imitation
|
|
|
Characteristics of emerging adulthood in the population of university students and non-student employed young people
Kozderková, Barbora ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
This thesis compares certain developmental characteristics and value preferences of emerging adult university students and non-student employed young people at the age between 19-25 years in the Czech republic. According to some authors this life stage seems to be a new developmental period between adolescence and young adulthood. In comparison to the USA there has not been much research done on this topic in the Czech Republic. There are some special characteristics of this phase of life that are described in the theoretical part, and tested on a sample of Czech young people which is showed in the empirical part of this thesis. The differences of how students and non- students experience this time of life are compared. It is assumed that student life style brings different impulses than the life style of employed young people. The aim of this thesis was to test the assumption that university students show the features of emerging adulthood more plentifully than people at the same age who work. According to the results of this study the assumption was confirmed. Another focus of this thesis is the topic of value orientation among this sample of young people. Value orientation is influenced by life style and is formed especially during adolescence and young adulthood. Certain types of value...
|
|
|
The changes of character of friendly relationship from adolescence to young adulthood
Lacková, Lucie ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Čáp, David (referee)
During the whole life people tend to make new relations with other people. Some relationships, based on their character, are closer than others; therefore we call them close relationships. Friendship, which is described in this thesis, is a type of the close relationship. In the theoretic part, the emphasis is put on the description of close, later friendly relationships and on the overview of their development in human's life. Special attention is paid to the adolescence and emerging adulthood and their specifics in the area of friendly relationships. The particular changes in friendly relations at these developmental stages are the subject of the study. The empirical part includes quantitative and qualitative analysis of the differences in friendship in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Based on the study of scientific resources and prior research, characteristics of friendship, respectively of the researched category, were provided. The sample involved 146 respondents between the age 15 to 30. Only small changes in friendship's character in the area of common activities, trust and frequency of contact were discovered. Key words: Adolescence, emerging adulthood, friendship, close relationship.
|
|
|
The possibilities of diagnosis of dyslexia in children
Matějovská, Lucie ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
The research study focuses on the development of new appropriate tools suitable for dyslexia assessment of primary school children (grades sixth to ninth), and a process of their pilot standardization. The inspiration was found in the existing tests for different age groups and methods used abroad. Four newly created tests were included into the test battery (test of visual perception, phonological manipulation, auditory segmentation and rapid automatized naming) as well as two already existing tests, which are a part of the validation study (test of auditory discrimination from Novak's Diagnosis of specific learning disabilities battery and Symbol search subtest from Wechsler intelligence scale for children). The research group consisted of 155 students of primary school (grades sixth to ninth), 61 dyslectics and 94 intact students. The results between the intact group and the dyslexic group differed significantly in all tests. The test of phonological manipulation showed the strongest differentiation. The study includes a correlation analysis between the tests and norms created for both groups. The presented predictive model was able to correctly identify 77.4 % of "cases" in relation to the criterion dyslexic - intact group.
|
|
|
Occurence of dyslexia among Czech prison inmates
Kejřová, Kateřina ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
The study focused on the occurrence of dyslexia among the convicted in the Czech Republic. On the ground of plentiful research results from various countries that refer to a connection between dyslexia and criminality, a research was conducted in Czech penitentiary environment (specifically the Horní Slavkov prison). The research sample comprised of 113 respondents aged 22 - 65 in the first round of data collection. All respondents met the research criteria: Czech citizenship, Czech nationality and Czech as a mother tongue. The data were collected via the Raven's standard progressive matrixes, personal questionnaire, interview, assessment battery including tests on specific learning disabilities among adolescents and adults and a rapid naming test. The research results have proven a several times higher occurrence of dyslexia among the sample population than in common population, which is 34 % dyslexic individuals in the sample. The research results are comparable to research results from abroad. On top of that, up to 84 % of the respondents spontaneously demonstrated dyslexic difficulties during the interview. Reading and writing skills in the sample are comparable to those in common population and intelligence is slightly higher than standard. The research hypothesis that there is a connection...
|
|
|
Intrinsic Motivation and Flow Experience in Primary Art School Pupils
Komárek, Tomáš ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
The thesis deals with experiencing flow and intrinsic motivation of pupils at Primary Art School. The aim of the research was to find out the following: to what extent are pupils of Primary Art School intrinsically motivated towards music, to what extent the pupils experience flow while playing a musical instrument and what psychological aspects are related to this type of experience. The target group of respondents represented pupils from musical branch at the age from 11 to 18 (N = 108). The data were obtained from three questionnaires (Flow, Teacher, and Motivation Questionnaire). The first two questionnaires were created for the purpose of this thesis. Motivation questionnaire was translated from English version of SIMS questionnaire (The Situational Motivation Scale). The research proved that pupils of Primary Art School think that they experience flow quite often. Most of the observed variables are significantly related to flow, on the contrary the relationship was less close. The exception was a relationship between flow and intrinsic motivation where closer connection was established. It was not proved that flow experience of Primary Art School pupils relates to participation in any musical groups, range of homework, length of playing musical instruments or gender of the respondents. Key...
|
|
|
Maternal coping with stress associated with specific learning disabilities
Kouřilová, Jana ; Vágnerová, Marie (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Jošt, Jiří (referee)
TITLE: Maternal coping with stress associated with specific learning disabilities AUTHOR: Mgr. Jana Kouřilová DEPARTMENT: Psychology Department, Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague SUPERVISOR: Prof. PhDr. et RNDr. Marie Vágnerová, CSc. ABSTRACT: Dissertation theses is focused on coping strategies analysis of mothers of children with specific learning dissabilities. The first two chapters are purely theoretical. They deal partly with SLD, partly with materhood of children with SLD. The research was realized as a qualitative inquiry based on principles of grounded theory. The data collecting was realized through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 25 mothers of children with SLD. It was confirmed that SLD represent stress for mother which intensity depends not only on child's manifesting and mother's interpretation of these manifestations but also on school aspects of situation (especially on felt school pressure or support) and mother's possibilitites of controlling SLD. The coping strategies are primarily influenced by two factors: concept of motherhood and mother's perception of the school and education. Family context and the influence of experts or counsellors were identified as other variebles. The basic maternal strategies of coping with SLD include home teaching, strenghtening of...
|
|
|
Value orientations in adolescence and early adulthood
Morávková, Kateřina ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This work handles a topic of values and value orientations. We treat values as one of the issues on a broader field of motivation. From this point of view we placed values in a motivation system pattern. We deal with a more general characteristics of motivation just in order to understand a topic of values. The values and value orientations are elaborated with the help of a number of psychological theories. We are concerned with a developmental traits of values especially in adolescence and early adulthood. The theoretical part is followed on by a concept of psychological research - qualitative and quantitative. The purpose of this project is to get a basic understanding of value orientations among teenagers and young adults and to estimate their moral values and motivation. Keywords: values, value orientations, adolescence, early adulthood
|
|
|
The Concept of Mindfulness and Its Application to Work with Children
Skokanová, Zuzana ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
The thesis summarizes current findings about mindfulness and presents specifics of and the prospects for work with children and adolescents in that context. It addresses certain programs based on mindfulness used in clinical practice as well as in a school setting, along with a brief evaluation of studies that monitor the impact of these programs on various aspects of child mental health. The empirical part of the study describes quantitative research into the extent of mindfulness in children by way of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM-17) and a comparison group of children with ADHD and intact sample. On the basis of the Mann-Whitney U Test, it was found that the extent of mindfulness in ADHD children does not differ significantly from the intact sample. Statistically, older children scored significantly higher than younger children in ADHD sample as well as in the learning disabilities group and in comparison of older and younger boys. The last part presents a program proposal for cultivating mindfulness in children with ADHD. Keywords: ADHD, children, Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, Mindfulness, mindfulness- based interventions, school, mindfulness research
|
guest ::
RSS feed.