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The influence of perinatal hypoxia on motoric development on laboratory rat and means of therapy
Vachovcová, Sylva ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Stuchlík, Aleš (referee)
Severe perinatal hypoxia represents a substantial brain injury in human newborns. This Diploma thesis is focused on long-term motor outcome of laboratory rat after moderate perinatal hypoxia. We described some behavioral test for detection motor development and presented the influence of perinatal hypoxia on central nervous system. We also discussed an effect of agonists and antagonists of adenosine A1 receptor in brain. The aim of an experimental part was an evaluation of long-term motor behavior in rats affected by perinatal hypoxia. To cause perinatal hypoxia we put pregnant female rats to a hypoxic (10% O2) normobaric room in 11th day of their gestation. The pregnant female rats stayed in hypoxic room until they gave a birth and 6 more days after birth with their litters. For classification of motor development we used battery of tests of motor coordination. These tests correspond to the level of development of the rat. Then a group of rats with perinatal hypoxia was treated by a single administration of an agonist of adenosine A1 receptor 2-chloro-N(6)- cyclopentyladenosin (CCPA) in postnatal day 14. The animals affected by perinatal hypoxia show motor deficits in 3 from 4 selected behavioral tests. Otherwise, this motor behavior was no longer detected in young adults. The rats affected by...
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The influence of the neuroactive steroids inhibiting NMDA receptors on behaviour
Chvojková, Markéta ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Mareš, Pavel (referee)
The neuroactive steroid pregnanolone glutamate (Pg glu), a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring pregnanolone sulfate (3alpha5betaS), has neuroprotective properties and a minimum of adverse effects. The subject of my thesis is the influence of selected structural modifications of the molecule Pg glu on biological effects. The first modification involves an increase of lipophilicity, the second involves the attachment of a positively charged group to C3. All these neuroactive steroids are use-dependent inhibitors of NMDA receptors. The first aim of this thesis was to determine the neuroprotective effectiveness of the neuroactive steroids chosen. The second aim was to explore the influence of selected neuroactive steroids on motor coordination, reflexes, anxiety and locomotor activity, as well as the effect of their high doses. The third aim was to create a battery of behavioural tests for screening the biological effects of analogues of Pg glu in laboratory rodents. The neuroprotective effects were evaluated in a model of excitotoxic damage of hippocampus in the rat on the basis of its behavioural consequences. The neuroprotective efficacy of androstane glutamate (And glu) and Pg glu was demonstrated. In the case of positively charged molecules, neuroprotective efficacy was not demonstrated....
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Circadian system of laboratory rat during ontogenesis
Olejníková, Lucie ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Mareš, Pavel (referee)
One of the attributes common to almost all living organisms is an ability to generate and maintain endogenous rhythms, which are driven by the biological clock. The rhythms, which recur under constant conditions with a period of about 24 hours, are known as the circadian rhythms. The circadian rhythms include e.g. rhythms in sleep/wake, locomotor activity, body temperature and hormonal secretion. In mammals, the circadian system consists of the central oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus and other oscillators that reside in various brain areas as well as in numerous peripheral organs and tissues. Ontogenetic development of the circadian system proceeds gradually. The circadian system undergoes the most dramatic changes during the late embryonic and early postnatal period. Under natural conditions, the circadian clocks are precisely entrained to the 24 hour period by regular changes of the light and dark cycle. Under conditions when the periodic light-dark rhythm is disrupted as well as during the early ontogenesis, other mechanisms can be involved in the entrainment of the central clock in the SCN. All mechanisms of the entrainment are not fully known yet, but they involve plenty of behavioral, hormonal and metabolic signals. The aim of this thesis was to study the entrainment...
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Swimming as an indicator of normal and altered development of the rat
Vítová, Šárka ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Mariana (referee)
Swimming is an inborn reflex in rats. It represents a complex motor behaviour, which changes significantly throughout the postnatal developmental period. In the current study, development of swimming behaviour was studied using a group of rat pups aged between P5 - P21. A protocol for assessment of swimming in the rat was developed based on literature studies and the results of our own observation on rat swimming. The experiments were conducted using a tank 50x15x30cm, filled with water at 24řC, in which each pup is left for 1 minute or less, if it sinks to the bottom. Swimming was assessed using the following developmental markers: sinking, floating, nose position and swimming movements of the limbs. To study the effect of GABAB receptors ligands on the development of swimming behaviour, three groups of pups aged between P12 - P32 were injected intraperitoneally either physiological solution or 3 mg/kg GABAB receptors antagonist CGP 46381 or 3 mg/kg GABAB receptors agonist baclofen, daily between P7 and P11. Results showed that neither CGP 46381, nor baclofen, alters the development of swimming behaviour compared to a control group. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The influence of status epilepticus (SE) in postnatal development early phase on laboratory rat psychomotor development
Boťchová, Lenka ; Kubová, Hana (advisor) ; Mareš, Pavel (referee)
Bibliografická identifikace v angličtině Author's first name and surname: Lenka Boťchová, BA Title of the master thesis: Does status epilepticus during early postnatal period influence laboratory rat psychomotor development? Department: Department of Rehabilitation and Exercise Medicine Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. H. Kubová, DrSc. The year of presentation: 2013 Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of status epilepticus (SE) in postnatal development early phase on laboratory rat psychomotor development. Experimentally caused (SE) is the most common mode of epileptogenesis, which is the process leading to the epilepsy creation, and typical comorbidities. The influence of the early SE was studied when using lithium/pilocarpine model of SE induced on 12 days old rat cubs, which were repeatedly exposed to the "open field" test until 32nd day of their lives that means until the puberty beginning. The evaluation is focused on cognition and overall locomotion changes and anxiety demonstrations. The results show that in short periods after SE (up to 1 month) the cognitive functions regarding the habituation disorder are not worsened. However, hyperactivity short-term disposition and worse adaptability to experimental conditions due to animal anxiety increase were detected. Motor skills of...
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The influence of corticosterone and corticoliberin on damage of the hippocampus and their relation to cognition
Řezáčová, Lenka ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Mejsnar, Jiří (referee) ; Šusta, Marek (referee)
Dissertation "The influence of corticosterone and corticoliberin on damage of the hippocampus and their relation to cognition" deals with the cognitive, behavioral and histological changes in experimental rat strain long-evans that closer describe the consequences of long-term continuous application of corticoliberin and/or corticosterone. Testing of the behavioral changes was divided into two phases. The first one - within three or fourweeks respectively administration of these hormones, therefore until their early effects - and the second phase - after four weeks of completion of the first phase at the time of the possible late effects. In the twelfth week the experimental animals were killed and in the group which had exogenously elevated corticosterone, the morphological changes in the hippocampus were monitored and measured. In all experimental groups alteration of behavior was observed. Histological and morphological changes in the brain we have found. Layout of experiments in two testing phases allowed differentiation of the early changes and the late and persistent changes. The arrangement of experiments allowed the choice of tests to compare not only individual effects of both hormones (corticoliberin and corticosterone) but also their coactioning and biological responses to them. Using a wider...
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The affect of perinatal hypoxia on locomotor development of laboratory rat
Vachovcová, Sylva ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Slabý, Kryštof (referee)
Perinatální hypoxie je závažným problémem u předčasně narozených dětí i u dětí narozených v termínu. Představuje vysoké riziko behaviorálních a neurologických poruch, a přestože se současná neonatální intenzivní péče stále zdokonaluje, rozsáhlá mozková léze v důsledku perinatálního inzultu obnáší výrazný klinický problém. Studie na zvířatech jsou proto stále nezbytné. Model perinatální hypoxie u laboratorních potkanů tak představuje výzkumné pole, kde se popisuje řada neurologických defektů, jako jsou poruchy lokomočních dovedností a deficity kognitivních funkcí u nedospělých i dospělých perinatální hypoxií postižených zvířat. Jejich mozková tkáň může sloužit k histologickému rozboru pro určení rozsahu mozkové léze a mnohdy jsou u těchto zvířat zaznamenány růstové poruchy, které jsou často spatřovány u dětské mozkové obrny.
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Use of mirror neurons in rehabilitation of upper extremities in patients after stroke
Dedja, Fregen ; Čakrt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Mareš, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this thesis "Use of mirror neurons in rehabilitation of upper extremities in patients after stroke" is to conduct basic information related to issues like stroke and use of mirror neurons in rehabilitation of upper extremities. In this review I would like to present data on mirror neurons, that appear to play a fundamental role in both action understanding, imitation and movement. I would like to stress, in particular, those properties specific to the human mirror neurons, that might explain the human capacity to learn by imitation. This thesis consists of three parts. General part contains a general overview of stroke problematics, and its pathology, symptoms, course, diagnosis and therapy. The special part of this thesis explains the function of mirror neurons and their use in rehabilitation of upper extremities in patients after stroke. The thesis includes a case in which the examination and the therapy suggested by the author tries prove that mirror neurons can be part of the rehabilitation process. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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