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Molecular basic of disorders of sexual development in human
Kopanicová, Eliška ; Šípek, Antonín (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
The development of human internal and external reprodictive organs is regulated on chromosomal, gene and hormonal levels. Different types of mutations on chromosomal and gene level interrupt those pathways, which affect the further development of reproductive organs. Pathways are disrupted and couse variable developmental defects of both internal and external genital organs. The main goal of this work is to summarize these molecular processes that further affect the development of genitals in humans, possible developmental errors and their phenotypic subsequnet manifestations. Keywords: Reproductive organs, congenital anomalies, genetic disorders
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Sperm centrioles and their role in reproduction
Vlčková, Monika ; Frolíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved protein structures composed of microtubules. In somatic cells, centrioles serve as the basal body of cilia and flagella and allow the assembly of pericentriolar material, thereby creating the centrosome. Without centrosome, animal cells are not capable of nuclear division. Centrioles do not arise de novo and their formation always requires the presence of a preexisting centriole. Since there are no centrioles in the egg at the time of fertilization, unlike spermatozoa, sperm is the carrier of centrioles and therefore all of the centrioles of the emerging organism are of paternal origin. There are two centrioles in the sperm - a cylindrical shape proximal and a distal one, which is perpendicular to the proximal. The sperm centrioles are the basis for the formation of the sperm flagellum and after fertilization form the mitotic spindle of the zygote, necessary for equal DNA and cell distribution. It follows from the above that the presence of centrioles in sperm is essential in mammals and defects in their structure may lead to male sterility or embryo development disorders. However, sperm centrioles differ from somatic centrioles in their structure and behavior and understanding these differences is one of the important tasks of reproductive biology.
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Using Sperm Transcriptome in Search for Novel Biomarkers of Male Infertility
Semyakina, Anastasiya ; Liška, František (advisor) ; Stopka, Pavel (referee)
Currently infertility affects 10 to 15 percent of couples. In nearly 50% of all cases male factor contributes to infertility of the couple. Majority of causes of male infertility remains unexplained. For this reason, finding simple and clinically useful tools for improving male infertility diagnostics can be important at present. Based on the analysis of sperm transcriptome, in this diploma thesis we aimed to find genes that show differential expression between normal and pathological sperm, this could provide information about molecular basis of male infertility, moreover, expression profile of such genes in sperm could be employed for noninvasive diagnosis of male infertility. This study was conducted by using 67 sperm samples, including 16 control sperm samples from fertile men. The samples of infertile patients were divided into 3 groups according to morphology and motility using results of standard sperm evaluation according to WHO. First group included 20 patients diagnosed with astenoteratozoospermia (low sperm motility and abnormal morphology), second group was 15 patients diagnosed with asthenozoospermia (normal morphology and low sperm motility), the third group comprised 16 samples from infertile patients with normal spermiogram. 16 control samples were from fertile men (conception of...
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Using Sperm Transcriptome in Search for Novel Biomarkers of Male Infertility
Semyakina, Anastasiya ; Liška, František (advisor) ; Stopka, Pavel (referee)
Currently infertility affects 10 to 15 percent of couples. In nearly 50% of all cases male factor contributes to infertility of the couple. Majority of causes of male infertility remains unexplained. For this reason, finding simple and clinically usefµl tools for improving male infertility diagnostics can be important at present. Based on the analysis of sperm transcriptome, in this diploma thesis we aimed to find genes that show differential expression between normal and pathological sperm, this could provide information about molecular basis of male infertility, moreover, expression profile of such genes in sperm could be employed for noninvasive diagnosis of male infertility. This study was conducted by using 67 sperm samples, including 16 control sperm samples from fertile men. The samples of infertile patients were divided into 3 groups according to morphology and motility using results of standard sperm evaluation according to WHO. First group included 20 patients diagnosed with astenoteratozoospermia (low sperm motility and abnormal morphology), second group was 15 patients diagnosed with asthenozoospermia (normal morphology and low sperm motility), the third group comprised 16 samples from infertile patients with normal spermiogram. 16 control samples were from fertile men (conception of...
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Current possibilities of creative cooperation between didactics and industry in the development of education in chemistry
Kudrna, Tomáš ; Marádová, Eva (referee) ; Liška, František (referee)
TITLE: Current possibilities of creative cooperation between didactics and industry in the development of education in chemistry AUTHOR: Tomáš Kudrna DEPARTMENT: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, pedagogická fakulta, Katedra chemie a didaktiky chemie ABSTRACT: The work informs about the creation of new kits of tools and chemicals for realization of school chemical experiments. The kit (portable laboratory) allows together with methodological manual, which contains, a demonstration of school experiments to all the basic topics of teaching chemistry. Utility is designed to teach chemistry at elementary schools and secondary schools nonchemical focus. The kit secrets of nature provides supplies and chemicals with a guidebook for 100 safe science experiments. Complement is a small set of tools for independent work of pupils. These two sets can be used already at kindergarten and 1st grade of primary school. KEYWORDS: didactics chemistry, school chemistry experiment, science experiments, kit of equipment for school experiments
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Targeted next generation sequencing of candidate genes responsible for impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility
Daňková, Michaela ; Liška, František (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
Infertility is a widespread health problem, caused by the male factor in about half of all cases, and in about a half of the infertile men the cause is unknown. In a significant number of these men, genetic etiology is assumed. Current routine methods of laboratory diagnostics, which include karyotype examination, exclusion of mutations in the CFTR gene, and Y chromosome microdeletions, do not usually reveal the cause of infertility. That is why researchers' efforts aim at detecting mutations in other genes that are causing male infertility. In recent years, animal models have been used to identify many genes necessary for fertility. Based on these findings, 12 candidate genes have been selected (CAPZA3, CDC14B, CDC42, CNTROB, CSNK2A2, GOPC, HOOK1, HRB, OAZ3, ODF1, RIMBP3, SPATA16) that are essential for spermatogenesis. Mouse or rat mutants in these genes are primarily associated with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, since they are involved in sperm morphogenesis. However, the phenotype spectrum may comprise also azoospermia. The purpose of the thesis was to determine the sequence of the afore mentioned genes in infertile men with impaired spermatogenesis and to reveal presence or absence of pathogenic mutations in these genes, using cDNA and genomic DNA from peripheral blood. The candidate genes were...
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New possibilities of providing basic natural science education through experiments
Köhlerová, Veronika ; Beneš, Pavel (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee) ; Dvořáček, Jiří (referee)
TITLE: New possibilities of providing basic natural science education through experiments AUTHOR: Mgr. Veronika Köhlerová DEPARTMENT: Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Education SUPERVISOR: Prof. RNDr. Pavel Beneš, CSc. ABSTRACT: The thesis stems from the basic need to support and develop natural science education. Based on didactic, technical-economic and ergonomic requirements, a teaching tools kit has been created, which facilitates 100 natural science experiments. The kit includes a methodological manual; further methodological support is also provided on the webpage of the kit's manufacturer. To complement the kit, a concept of an optional teacher training course Natural Science Experiments for Preschools and Primary Schools has been created. The course will take place at the Pedagogical Faculty of Charles University in the school year 2013/2014. During the course of the thesis, didactic research methods were used to choose, process, test, organize, and optimise educational experiments. The pedagogical methods used included questionnaires and expert testimonials. The thesis provides a substantial response to the current educational needs in the field of natural science pre-literacy already at preschools and natural science literacy at primary schools. KEYWORDS: science experiment, natural science...
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Attempt to Prepare N-(4-oxazolin-2-ylphenyl)barbituic acid
Sika, Jan ; Kotoučová, Hana (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
Presented bachelor thesis is a part of broader topic of preparation and utilization of flavines and flavin salts in organo-catalysis. Primarily it deals with their utilization in the role of catalyst in enantioselective oxidations. Original purpose of this thesis was to prepare N-[4-(oxazolinu-2-yl)phenyl]barbituric acid 1. This experiment was supposed to prove a possibility of similarly substituted barbituric acids preparation and their further use in antropoizomer flavines and flavin salts synthesis. Although the original substance preparation proved to be unsuccessful the work results in the a successful preparation of one its intermediates N-[4-(oxazolin-2yl)phenyl]-methylcarbamate 25 which is a brand new substance and which was successfully characterized.
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Games and Toys as Chemistry Teaching Aids
Dubská, Martina ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
The thesis is devoted to the study of one of the methods of activation - the game. During the game, the students are involved actively, they are motivated and creative. The main aim is to explore the advantages of the introduction of gaming activities in the teaching of chemistry, as well as the overall topic of gaming activities, the conditions for these activities in chemistry teaching and suggestions for their implementation in education. The part of the thesis is complex of 11 precific games and toys, which are prepared for teaching chemistry at the primary and high schools and universities uncommonly. This file contains the rules, methodological instructions, time allocation, and everything needed for the teaching of games. The practical part will also find a list of many previously published and unpublished games and toys, which can serve as inspiration for teachers of chemistry. Making an inquiry carried out in two elementary schools to confirm the presumption that the study results achieved through gaming activities, are more satisfactory than the results, in which gaming activities were not used.
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