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Czech verb jít as a means to express the future
Andrle, Michael ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (advisor) ; Láznička, Michal (referee)
České sloveso jít jako prostředek pro vyjádření budoucnosti Czech verb jít as a means to express the future Michael Andrle Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to create a description of the Czech verb jít as a means to express the future and to compare it with the typical development of analogical future time references in the process of grammaticalization. The presented description is based on previous research in the field of semantics of the Czech verb jít and its possible use to express the future, followed by an analysis based on two spoken corpus-based studies and a survey with 107 respondents. The future is expressed by the inchoative meaning of the constructions jít + infinitive and jít + na + accusative, which is characterized by a more pronounced semantic generalization of the motion component and by referencing near future or succession of events. The state of this time reference in Czech corresponds to the typical development of the future time references from verbs of motion and the presence of grammaticalization is indicated by the active mechanisms of reanalysis and analogy and the process of generalization of meaning. In order to analyse the grammaticalization of the Czech verb jít as a means to express the future, a comparison was made with analogical future time references in English...
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Discourse Production of Czech Speakers with Aphasia: A Usage-based Exploration
Láznička, Michal ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Hatchard, Rachel (referee) ; Marková, Jana (referee)
The research in linguistic aphasiology has been dominated by structuralist, rule-based approaches to the study of langauge. However, recent work has shown that analyses based in constructivist, usage-based frameworks can provide explanations to patterns of language processing in aphasia that are difficult to accommodate in structuralist models. The present work follows up on these findings and aims to provide additional evidence for the benefits of the usage-based model by using data from Czech speakers with aphasia, an understudied language in this context. The aims of the study were threefold: to create a collection of samples of aphasic connected speech available to other researchers, to provide a description of the patterns of aphasic discourse production in Czech, and, most importantly, to show potential benefits of usage-based construction grammar for aphasia research. A corpus of the speech of eleven persons with fluent and non-fluent aphasia of varying degrees of severity was created. The corpus consist of more than 23000 word position produced by speakers with aphasia in tasks used to elicit conversational, narrative, descriptive, and procedural discourse. The corpus is lemmatized and morphologically tagged and the transcripts are aligned with audio recordings. A smaller sample of three,...
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The Distribution of Ottoman and Öztürkçe Synonyms in Contemporary Turkish
Kožurková, Romana ; Láznička, Michal (advisor) ; Kaas, Filip (referee)
Thesis is dedicated to the manifestation of the Turkish language reform using the methods od corpus linguistics. Aim of the thesis is to find out for the selected pairs of original Ottoman words and their Turkish equivalents to what extent are both variant sused in contemporary Turkish texts and to assess if any of the pairs was not functionally differentiated and if the choice was influenced by any contextual factors. In the thesis, we examine the frequency of adjectives, whether one of the variants is more or less used; Ottoman variants are used more often. In the case of pairs, we examine the frequency and preference of variants in types of text, in most cases one variant is preferred in all types of text, but some of them were differentiated. In the case of the pair siyasal and siyasi, on 500 randomly generated sentences, we examine possessors and adjective suffixes in the sentence bound to the possessor, as well as adjectives with the suffix -sel and -i, which are not bound to it and are in the sentence. In the first case, in most cases, the suffixes are matching, in the second case, there suffixes are matching with the word siyasal, but not with the word siyasi. Key words Turkish language reform, corpus linguistics, adjective suffix -sel, adjective suffix -i, language purism
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Temporal sequence iconicity: An artificial language learning experiment
Burda, David ; Láznička, Michal (advisor) ; Jehlička, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is devoted to the concept of linguistic iconicity and especially to the iconicity of sequence, which suggests that the order of individual forms in language should correspond to the actual order of experience they describe. In particular, I focused on temporal iconicity in complex sentences describing two consecutive events. The most crucial part of this work consists of an experiment based on artificial language learning. During the experiment, participants were presented a language allowing both iconic and non-iconic clause order in complex sentences, and then, based on the knowledge they had gained, produced their own complex sentences describing events they were shown illustrations of. I then examined what the prevalent sentence order in the answers was, which were the most common errors and in which situations they occurred. The results show a slight tendency towards the use of sentence orders which are in accord with the iconicity of sequence hypothesis. Key words: artificial language learning, iconicity, temporal sequence
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Structural Iconicity and Possessive Constructions: Explorations in Artificial Language Learning
Láznička, Michal ; Friedová, Mirjam (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
This thesis is concerned with structural iconicity and its effects on possessive classification. The Iconicity-of-distance hypothesis argues that the linguistic distance between a possessor and a possessum reflects the conceptual distance, and is therefore smaller in inalienable possession. The role of distance iconicity in language processing was tested using the artificial language learning paradigm. An experiment was designed to investigate whether speakers of Czech will learn an iconically structured grammar better. The experiment conducted with 40 participants did not show significant differences between the two experimental groups. However, the evidence is inconlusive and the data suggest that structural iconicity could influence processing. The results also suggest that speaker of Czech are able to use alienability as a category of language.
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Prague linguistic typology: an empirical test of a supposed correlation
Láznička, Michal ; Elšík, Viktor (advisor) ; Křivan, Jan (referee)
AbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract The presented work is focused on the Prague school of typology, an approach formulated by Vladimír Skalička and pursued later by Petr Sgall or Jaroslav Popela. In the centre of the approach stands the formulation of 5 idealised language types or clusters of linguistic features. The combinatorial possibilities of these types are to be observed in the languages of the world. Prague school of typology has been a target of critique mainly as a holistic approach and due to its problematic work with typological data. The work is concerned with the possibilities of testing the validity of some of the proposals of the approach in question by means of the methods of modern typology. The possible correlation of morphological exponence and NP agreement was tested on a representative sample of 47 languages. The index of exponence and agreement was obtained for each language in the sample. No significant correlation between the indices was found. Both the symmetrical "favourability" of cumulation and agreement and "dis-favourability" of separation and agreement was ruled out. There was not sufficient data to prove or rule out the asymmetrical relationship between cumulation and agreement. KeywordsKeywordsKeywordsKeywords agreement - morphological exponence - Prague School of Typology -...
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Tense-aspect-mood marking in Turkish: Case analysis of -ecek/-acak
Kaas, Filip ; Křivan, Jan (advisor) ; Láznička, Michal (referee)
The goal of the submitted paper is analysis of Turkish verbal morpheme -ecek/acak. This morpheme is described and classified by different scholars in various ways (as tense, aspect, or modality), language usage being used scarcely in the description. The presented thesis proposes to perform a corpus study on empirical data, that are interpreted by qualitative methods, and on this basis the author will propose new ways to describe the morpheme. From the methodological perspective will be used the analytical potential of Construction Grammar. The main goal of this paper is to summarize existing literature about this morpheme, evaluate the descriptive adequacy of the traditional description, and eventually suggest description, that would reflect its langauge usage. Secondary aim of this paper is discussion about grammaticography, and the status of descriptive categories vs. comparative concepts in linguistic practice. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Factors affecting speeded production of inflected word forms by children under age of 15
Salzmannová, Lucie ; Smolík, Filip (advisor) ; Láznička, Michal (referee)
The thesis focuses on the processing of morphologically complex words in Czech. It follows up on the previous research in the field of inflectional morphology, in which Czech is minimally represented. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part describes the main theoretical approaches, which are connectionism and dualism. The second part describes an experiment, which was carried out following the previous research and aimed at comparing the claims of the two main approaches. The experiment was conducted on 37 native speakers of Czech aged from eight to eleven. The participants' task was to say as quickly as possible the genitive form of a noun that appeared on the screen of an electronic device in nominative form. The results of the research do not support the dualistic thoughts, but rather support the connectionist view. However, further empirical research is needed for a clear conclusion. Key words speeded production; inflected word form; frequency; language acquisition; inflection
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Argument semantics and relative frequency in the comprehension of the passive construction in persons with aphasia
Pospíšilová, Eva ; Láznička, Michal (advisor) ; Chromý, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of argument semantics and relative frequency of passive voice on the understanding of Czech passive construction in people with aphasia. The aim of the work is to design an experiment that will examine the factors connected with the agrammatic understanding in Czech, and test it on a group of neurotypic speakers. Theoretical chapters of this thesis are devoted to a general description of aphasia, linguistic aphasiology and manifestations of aphasic syndromes in Czech. They also present the basic results of previous research which examined the understanding of semantically reversible passive sentences in patients with aphasia. In the final theoretical chapter, findings from foreign aphasiological literature, which highlighted the relationship between the level of understanding of complex syntactic structures and their frequency, are discussed. The experimental part of the text focuses on the design of the actual experiment. Based on a corpus analysis, a total of 24 verbs with high and low relative frequency of passive forms were selected, each verb was used in four sentences with different combinations of voice, relative frequency of passive and (in)animacy of patient. To verify comprehension, the self-paced reading method was chosen along with...
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Reflexive alternation in language processing by persons with aphasia
Suchý, Daniel ; Láznička, Michal (advisor) ; Jehlička, Jakub (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to design an experiment that researches how frequency of use and grammatical structure affect sentence comprehension in speakers with aphasia. An additional objective is to verify this design in an experiment on healthy speakers. Introduction to the topic of aphasia is pro- vided from a linguistic perspective, followed by a description of usage-based approach to aphasiology, which will be utilised in the practical part of this the- sis. The practical part of the thesis consists of a corpus-based research on the use of reflexive constructions in Czech, followed by an experiment that tests comprehension of such sentences in healthy speakers. Using corpus data, a set of experimental items that can be used to test the comprehension of reflexive sentences was created. The experiment verified that the healthy participants evaluate the grammaticality of these sentences as expected in the vast majority of cases. The results of the experiment show a weak effect of sentence struc- ture and no effect of frequency of use and verb lemma on comprehension. This indicates that healthy speakers find these sentences easy to process and that the design is valid. Based on these results, a design of an experiment that tests reflexive sentence comprehension in Czech speakers with aphasia is proposed. 1
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