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Overview of the fossil bryophytes of the Cretaceous and Tertiary of Bohemian Massif
Veselá, Veronika ; Kvaček, Zlatko (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis summarizes the findings about previously described and published findings of bryophytes from the period of Cretaceous and Tertiary on the territory of the Bohemian Massif. It contains a chapter with current knowledge of taxonomy and life strategies of bryophytes, used to approach the studied groups. Part of the thesis is dedicate to the brief characteristics of the geological settings of locations with known findings of fossil bryophyte. Those locations are situated mainly in the České středohoří Mountains, the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and the Českobudějovická Basin. For example and comparison are involved also two locations from Outer Western Carpathian. There are only two liverwort species (Notothylacites filiformis and Riccia cf. fluitans) and a few mosses (Hypnum heppii, Muscites sp.) described so far. Because of partial preservation of most of the findings any detailed systematical attribution remains ambiquous. The thesis has purely review character and is supposed to become a basis for further research and study. Key words: Bryophyta, Czech Cretaceous and Tertiary, review
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Jurisdictional Immunity of States
Kvaček, Jiří ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Jurisdictional Immunity of States Abstract The major purpose of this diploma thesis is to clarify the situation of jurisdictional immunity and immunity from enforcement measures of states. This thesis is composed of two main parts. In the first part the institute of jurisdictional immunity of states is explained. The first part is divided into several chapters which are dedicated to the specific aspects of jurisdictional immunity. The first chapter deals with the theoretical terms which are closely related the topic such as sovereignty of state and jurisdiction. It was also necessary to explain the difference between the state acts iure imperii and iure gestionis. The following chapter is dedicated to the explanation of the historical evolution of this institute documented by the most significant decisions of national courts which have strongly influenced forming of the state immunities. The legal sources are described in the following chapter, a special attention is paid to the international treaties, national legal acts and also to the situation in the Czech Republic. The last chapter of the first part deals with the exceptions from jurisdictional immunity. The second part of the thesis is focused on the topic of state immunity from enforcement measures. This institute is a secondary immunity of...
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Autecological study of selected Cretaceous plants using stable Carbon isotopes
Zahajská, Petra ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Diefendorf, Aaron (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis presents an analysis of fossil plants from the Cenomanian Peruc-Korycany Formation of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and from the Bückeberg Formation of the Lower Saxony Basin in Germany. Based on earlier studies, both areas provide sediments that are considered to have developed in tidally influenced fluvial systems. Studied fossil plants are represented by ginkgoalean plant leaves (Ertemophyllum, Tritaenia), branches of conifers (Frenelopsis) and lauroid angiosperms (Eucalyptolaurus). Frenelopsis, Eretmophyllum and Tritaenia are considered to be halophytic plants, while Lauroid angiosperms were considered to grow in fresh water conditions. The fossil plants were studied using cuticle analysis and two methods of stable carbon isotope analysis: Bulk carbon isotope analysis and Compound Specific Isotope analysis. For cuticle analysis samples were observed and documented macroscopically and microscopically. To specify the environmental conditions, recent samples from three salt marshes in Great Britain were studied and analysed using the same methods as the fossil samples. The data from all observations and measurements were processed and their interpretation supported the modelled environment based on the sedimentological data. Frenelopsis were growing in a haline environment with low...
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Plant - insect interactions in lower Miocene of Central Europe: palaeoclimatological and palaeoecological implications
Knor, Stanislav ; Prokop, Jakub (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jiří (referee) ; Mikuláš, Radek (referee)
The paleoecology of plant - arthropod herbivory associations constitute very important source of knowledge about the phylogeny and co-evolution of both groups. The traces of herbivory interactions between plants and arthropods on the fossil leaves are preserved as so called damaged types (DTs) clustered into distinct functional feeding groups (FFGs). The diversity and frequency of these damage traces also seem to have been strongly influenced by environmental and climatic conditions. This research has been focused on rich fossil plant assemblages from the area of the Most Basin in the north-western Bohemia. The undergoing work has comprised the diagnosis of the individual damages on the basis of their specific morphological traits as their number, size, shape and distributional pattern on the leaf surface. The next issue has involved the statistical analyses concerning the differences in the frequency and diversity of the types of damage and functional feeding groups between two separate fossiliferous layers, namely those of the stratigraphically older Bílina Delta and younger Břešťany Clay. Significant differences were confirmed in this regard, especially in connection with achieved frequency and proportional occurrences of distinct functional feeding groups in the Bílina Delta. The galls were the...
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Mycorrhisa in fossil record
Kadlecová, Veronika ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is present in the vast majority of extant land plants. Mycorrhizae represent a significant source of nutrients for both partners of the symbiosis and can also provide them with protection or help them survive in less hospitable enviroment. Mycorrhizae is believed to have been just as important in the past and played a major role in evolution of plants, for example in the transition of plants onto land. Mycorrhizal symbiosis is an object of many research works today for its agricultural importance. There is an amount of publications on research of fossil mycorrhizae, but there is still little interest in this issue. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Systematics and palaeoecology of the Late Cretaceous plants in the Klikov Formation, southern Bohemia
Heřmanová, Zuzana ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (referee) ; Halamski, Adam (referee)
9 | Abstract The present thesis focuses on plant fossils from the Klikov Formation (late Turonian - Santonian).This formation forms the basal part and the most widespread unit of the South Bohemian Basins, containing numerous leaf impressions, fossil plant reproductive struc- tures and diverse pollen spectra. In 2007, extremely well preserved assemblages of fruits, seeds and flowers were found in the Zliv - Řídká Blana locality, preliminarily reported in this work. Plants of the Normapolles complex predominate in the pollen assemblages, as well as in the fossil reproductive structures.This work suggests that Budvaricarpus and Caryanthus, members of the Normapolles complex, are closely related to extant Rhoipte- lea, which is a sister group of the recent Juglandaceae. Fossil insect eggs also occur in the Klikov Formation. Due to their similar shape and size, they are easily confused with small fruits and seeds. Two species of fossil insect eggs, Palaeoaldrovanda splendens and Knoblochia cretacea, were originally misinterpreted as angiosperms seeds.They are revised here - both species are interpreted in this work as fossil insect eggs. Based on characters like perforated walls, and basal and apical projections, they appear most similar to eggs of recent Lepidoptera and Phasmatodea. Palaeoecological evaluation...
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Leptosporangiate ferns from the Carboniferous basins of Bohemia, selected taxa
Frojdová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jiří (referee)
The diploma thesis revises ten selected species of sphenopterid ferns of Carboniferous age deposited in the National Museum in Prague, the West-Bohemian Museum in Pilsen and the British Geological Survey in Keyworth, England. Sphenopterid ferns were studied based on reproductive organs aquired by maceration of coalified plant remains preserved as compressions. Sporangia and their annulus are important diagnostic features for individual genera and species of sphenopterid ferns and for selected species have not been described yet. Following species were studied: Boweria schatzlarensis, Myriotheca anglica, Renaultia crépini, Sturia amoena, Oligocarpia gutbiery, Zeilleria hymenophylloides, Zeilleria avoldensis, Discopteris sp. ("doubravensis"), Scolecopteris elegans a Waldenburgia corynepteroides. With the exception of Waldenburgia corynepteroides, Scolecopteris elegans, Zeilleria hymenophylloides and Zeilleria avoldensis species type material was studied. Maceration of sporangia of Boweria schatzlarensis showed presence of lateral annulus while in case of Myriotheca anglica the annulus is lateral or more likely of a special type, placed on both sides of the sporangia. Annulus type determination of Renaultia crépini also made possible to assign this species within the range of the genus Tenchovia and...
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Gondwanian element of Latin American Flora
Potůčková, Anna ; Stančík, Daniel (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jiří (referee)
The concept of plate tectonics accepted during 20th century fundamentally changed general opinion on the origin of Latin American flora. It was found, that South America formed a part of the ancient continent Gondwana. This continent was covered by a unique flora until 100 million years ago. Actual disjunction of widely distributed tropical taxa present in South America originated after disruption of that original flora distribution. It was deduced that the separation of South America from Gondwana finished about 100 million years ago and led to the isolation of their flora until the formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 3 million years ago. However, recent studies based on molecular clock approaches shows that the exchange of biota between South America and rest of the World was possible several times in different ways before the closure of the Isthmus of Panama. The reevaluation of our opinion about the gondwanan origin of Latin American flora based on advanced molecular analysis is the aim of this work.
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Palaeoecology of selected localities of the Whetstone Horizon
Libertín, Milan ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (referee) ; Cleal, Christopher J. (referee)
Palaeoecology of selected localities of the Whetstone Horizon In frames of the present thesis taphonomical and paleoecological processed were described in selected localities of whetstone horizon. Fossil plant assemblage known from the locality Štilec represents plant community buried in situ by volcanic ash after volcanic explosion (Pennsylvanian, Bolsov). Plant community exhibits relatively low diversity assemblage of herbaceous and subarborescent plants. This unique taphocoenose was interpreted as pioneer assemblage growing in partly drained lake. In the locality Ovčín the peat bog of Lower Radnice Seam was buried during the same volcanic eruption by volcanic ash. Up to now 5 excavations were recovered of the area of seats over 150 m 2 on two sites which are approximately 40 m distant from each other. In this area 27 morphotaxa of fossil plant was recorded. They represent 20 whole plants. Fossil plant remains represent fossil plant assemblage dominated by lycopod plants of planar (rheotrophic) swamp situated in narrow palaeovalley with active fluvial system. Second part of the thesis is focused on systematic descriptions of fossil plant taxa from localities of the Whetstone horizon. A monotypic genus Huttonia and species Huttonia spicata from Class Sphenopsids was emended. Further there were described...
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