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Reforms in the British political system after the 2010 elections: Study 1.214
Kuta, Martin
Volby v roce 2010 ve Spojeném království nevyprodukovaly jasnou parlamentní většinu. Ačkoli se takový výsledek ve společnosti i mezi politiky a politology předpokládal, situace způsobila značný rozruch. Především se jednalo o fakt, že britská politika není na neexistenci jasné parlamentní většiny jedné strany zvyklá (situace tzv. hung parliament, tedy parlamentu bez jasné většiny); za jeden z možných aspektů se dá považovat i jednokolový relativně většinový volební systém, který za běžných okolností produkuje vládní většinu. Tato práce popisuje právě v koaliční dohodě zmíněné snahy – reforma volebního systému a reforma parlamentu, včetně pevného funkčního období. Práce věnuje pozornost nejen vlastním reformám, ale předkládá nástin historického a politického pozadí jednotlivých reformních kroků.
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Parliamentary diplomacy as an element of multi-level diplomacy: foreign activities of the parliament as a supplement to foreign policy: Study 1.225
Kuta, Martin
Parliamentary diplomacy constitutes a supplement of the traditional state foreign policy. The paper deals with the historical background of parliamentary diplomacy (conference diplomacy), possible classification (relations based on particular parliamentarians and parliaments in general), and advantages and limits. The paper emphasizes international activities of the Czech Chamber of Deputies (approving the foreign policy conception, the role of the Chamber in European Politics). The paper also consists of characteristics of those international organizations’ parliamentary assemblies that the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic are part of.
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Methods of appointing the Government: Study 1.228
Kuta, Martin ; Němec, Jan ; Pecháček, Štěpán
The paper compares the process of nomination of then-to-be prime ministers in parliamentary and semi-presidential systems in which the existence of government depends strictly on the confidence vote expressed by the Parliament. The possibility of the Head of State to form the government poses questions to which extent the prime minister nominee may differ from the will of the parliamentary majority. The respective variations of the nomination process are assessed in terms of advantage for either the Head of States, or the Parliament. On the one hand, the paper shows those procedures in favour of Parliament; on the other hand, the paper also contains those procedures in which the president may act independently on the will of the parliamentary majority. The paper also discusses incentives that influence actors to reach an agreement on personal composition and programme of the government. In the last section, the paper depicts the process of governmental composition in the Czechoslovak and Czech political system with concentration on constitutional convention of prime minister nomination after 1989.
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Lisbon Treaty: New Perspectives and Trends in Interparliamentary Co-operation: Study 1.196
Kuta, Martin
Studie Andrease Maurera představuje dosavadní vývoj spolupráce národních parlamentů a Evropského parlamentu v procesu evropské integrace, pojednává o současném stavu meziparlamentní spolupráce a hodnotí možnosti budoucí spolupráce národních parlamentů v rámci legislativního a institucionálního rámce vytvořeného Lisabonskou smlouvou. Studie byla zveřejněna na výroční konferenci Evropského centra pro výzkum a dokumentaci parlamentů (ECPRD) konané ve dnech 9. - 11. října 2008 v Bruselu na půdě Evropského parlamentu. V teoretické rovině se zabývá hledáním optimální formy meziparlamentní spolupráce, coby nástroje pro odstranění demokratického deficitu a zprůhlednění rozhodovacích procedur Evropské unie.
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The Importance of Elections and Electoral System Formation during the Change of Regime in Central European countries
Urbanová, Barbora ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with processes of transition to a democracy and related formation of electoral systems during or after the collapse of authoritarian regimes in Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. The aim is to analyze events connected with the collapse of regime and to explain the influence and the importance of electoral system selection, which helped with the creating and preservation of democracy in these countries. The first chapter deals with electoral systems. The second chapter analyzes processes of transition to democracy. The third chapter deals with specific case studies on individual countries compared. From the point of view of the new democratic regime establishment, each of the country in question went through the different mode of transition to a democracy. In each country the role of elites was different -- their importance was emphasized in Hungary, on the other hand the elite of the previous regime in Czechoslovakia were suppressed thanks to the social support to a new democratic opposition. In Poland they tried to find the calm solution of the situation, they wanted as much power as possible (which they were deprived of by the opposition very quickly).The electoral systems for the support of transition process to democracy were also different, the transformation however was without bigger problems in each of the three countries. The importance of electoral processes related especially to the restoration and revival of party system, which proved to be a basic stone of political system in the democratic countries.
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Election of Presidents and their competences: Case study of changes of presidential elections in Czech Republic
Woloszczuková, Kristýna ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The theme of this bachelor thesis is focused on the current changes in presidential electoral system in the Czech Republic. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first chapter deals with the theoretical definitions of the topic, election of the President and his powers in different political systems, the next chapter focuses on presidential elections and the extent of his powers currently (2012) in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. Subsequently, the paper focuses on the changes of presidential election system in CZ, to direct elections, and its impact on the President's powers. In this chapter there are new conditions of candidacy and also the impact of this, so long discussed changes to the electoral system of the president, on his position in the political system of our country.
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Ethical codes in parliaments in presidential, semi-presidential and parliamentary system - case of USA, France and Great Britain
Blížkovský, Radek ; Vymětal, Petr (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
Regulation of ethical regimes in parliaments seems to be a current issue in many (not only) western democratic countries. This thesis discusses comparison of ethical codes in parliaments of Great Britain, France and United States of America. Chosen countries have been selected regarding the fact that each country has different political system: parliamentarism in UK, semi-presidencialism in France and presidencialism in USA. The main aim of this work is to find out whether the difference of political systems could affect the scope and content of ethical codes. In order to achieve this task, the author uses the method of analysis and subsequent comparison of individual ethical codes. The thesis is structured into four parts. First part deals partly with theories of representation and mandate and also with particular political systems in selected countries. In second part the author describes codes of ethics in general and also benefits for citizens and legislators connected with adoption of ethical code. Third part analyzes codes of ethics adopted by particular chambers of selected parliaments. Respective comparison of ethical codes and regulations of ethic regimes is contained in the final part.
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Causes and consequences of electoral reform: the case study of Greece
Durdisová, Marcela ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The winners of the election have the ability to adjust the rules of the game to their advantage, although they risk the negative reaction of the voters. This thesis will focus on electoral reforms in Greece since 1974 and their impact on political and party system. Thesis will examine the development and characteristics of the Greek party system since political parties create electoral system and therefore approach to reform electoral rules. Concurrently, the work will answer why the election winners were interested in creating a one-party government through the electoral system with the absolute majority of seats in the parliament. The work will analyze individual mechanisms and functioning of electoral systems and their impact on the nature of the political system in the country.
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Semi-presidentialism: President in the French Fifth Republic
Jarolímová, Lucie ; Reschová, Jana (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
In 1958 the French Fifth Republic was established. The creation of the Fifth Republic was in the interest of many researchers due to its specificity. A political scientist Maurice Duverger found an inspiration for a new type of the political system in the emergence of the new republic. Duverger's theory of semi-presidentialism became the fundemental for further study and it became a model for many emerging regimes. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the president's position in the French semi-presidential political system. The theoretical part of the thesis describes an essence of the semi-presidentialism, its characteristics and the role that president plays in this system. The empirical part focuses on the president's constitutionally enshrined powers and it outlines the reforms that had an impact on the institution of the president. This part also answers the question why the president's influence depends so much on his relationship with the prime minister.
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