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Providing addiction counseling for smoking cessation in residential treatment among drug users: a study in selected therapeutic communities in the Czech Republic
Králová, Tereza ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Background: Providing of addiction consulting for smoking cessation in inpatient services for substance users is a controversial topic for professionals in the whole field of addictology. Foreign professionals focus on this topic more, which can be proven by studies confirming the advantages of concurrent treatment of tobacco and another substance addiction. Aim: The main aim of this study is to find out if addiction consulting for smoking cessation is being provided to substance users in therapeutic communities in the Czech Republic and if yes, how is it being done. A partial goal is to discover the obstacles and reasons that prevent providing addiction consulting for smoking cessation in therapeutic communities. Methods: The research is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach. The research sample was obtained through the method of selective sampling. Online questionnaires were used in the quantitate part and semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part. Altogether, 14 therapeutic communities were involved. The online questionnaires were filled by 10 employees and 2 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: A study with this topic hasn't yet been done in the Czech Republic, so this work provides unique results and background for discussion, which should be...
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Tobacco and cannabis use in clients of low-threshold facilities for adolescents in Prague
Nikodymová, Tereza ; Drbohlavová, Barbora (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: Low-threshold facilities for children and youth are a social prevention service that focuses on the children and adolescents. Research shows that clients of low- threshold facilities are often individuals who tend to be at a higher risk. It can be assumed that the prevalence of drug use will be higher for clients of these facilities than in the general school population. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of tobacco and cannabis in children and adolescents in some low-threshold facilities in Prague. The study should investigate whether clients of these facilities tend to be more likely to use named addictive substances than children and adolescents from the general population. The data were compared with the ESPAD 2015 study. Methods: A quantitative method of research was used. The questionnaire was inspired by the ESPAD 2015 study questionnaire. Only questions relevant to the research, that were modified by pre-research, were used. The data was then processed by descriptive analysis in Microsoft Excel and converted to tables and graphs. Results: The analysis showed that the lifetime prevalence of tobacco use was 77,3 %, the prevalence of daily tobacco use was 47,4 %. The lifetime prevalence of cannabis use was 52,6 %, prevalence of daily cannabis use was 4,1...
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Case study of a client primarily using marijuana treated in children's and adolescents' outpatient addiction service
Brtníková, Vendula ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Kalina, Kamil (referee)
Background: Children's and adolescents' treatment is a newly established approach in addiction services in the Czech Republic. Issues raised by clients relate to confusion in the system and are related to therapists' uncertainty for prognosis treatment outcomes estimation. Furthermore, professionals often struggle with their own insecurities related to working with clients under the age of 18 years. There is limited knowledge necessary for adjusting to sustainable treatment and effective interventions for these clients. Aims: This study aims to present methods and techniques of addiction treatment using a case study of a specific client. This illustration aims to understand the needs of a particular target group and the specifics of this type of treatment. The goal of this thesis is to describe the state of this client during a specific therapeutic work with the aim to present possible matching of his needs and interventions. A partial aim is to identify the specifics in the clinical work of a specialist in the field of addictions with this particular type of clients. An important goal that emerges from this case work is the final evaluation of possible procedures for professionals in the field of children's and adolescents' addiction treatment. Methods: The concept of this study is based on...
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Patterns of nicotine use among adolescents
Srpová, Marta ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
BACKGROUND: Tobacco is the most commonly used addictive substance among adolescents, according to the ESPAD study, and is often the first psychoactive substance to try out in life. However, the risks associated with the use of tobacco at the young age are not negligible. In the Ambulance for children and adolescents addictology Clinics of addictology, where attend adolescents with various addictological and psychological problems, no research regarding the use of nicotine has been carried out. AIMS: The aim of the work is to map and describe the patterns of use of nicotine and motivation for use among children and adolescents with problems with addictive substances or in the field of non-addictive addictions. Another aim of the work is to find the degree of physical dependence on nicotine in the target group of respondents. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire, which included Fagerström's nicotine addiction test for adolescents to assess the degree of physical nicotine dependence in respondents. The questionnaire was submitted in paper form to the clients of the Ambulance for children and adolescents addictology of the Clinic of addictology. The research sample was selected by deliberate selection through the institution. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the results and...
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Attitudes of tobacco smokers towards health warnings on packages of tobacco products introduced in 2016
Červenková, Agáta ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Background: In the tobacco industry, cigarette packaging has always been a marketing instrument that responds to new trends in fashion and taste, but it also actively helps create and endorse these trends. A combined Health warning on cigarette packages has proven to be the least financially demanding tobacco control solution, which affects more or less all tobacco users. Aim: The aim of the present study is to look into the opinions and responses of Czech smokers in relation to the Directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and of The Council of 3 April 2014 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products. Methods: The data was collected using quantitative-qualitative online questionnaire survey among the customers of the "Relay". Volunteers were recruited in the shop, consent with study participation was obtained and the questionnaire was sent to their email addresses. Overall, 283 questionnaires were sent out, out of which 276 were included in the final analysis. In terms of gender, women were prevalent (54%), with men constituting 45%. Two individuals left the gender field blank. The mean age of participants was 37. Results: The results imply that the...
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Analysis of European Harm Reduction magazines targeting illegal addictive substances users
Debnárová, Jitka ; Gabrhelík, Roman (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Starting point: The subject matter of this degree work is Analysis of European Harm Reduction magazines targeting illegal addictive substances users with the exception of marihuana. The research complex is formed from 11 magazines. The common criteria for their selection was a processing of the first number published in 2015. Twenty-nine variables were monitored in all magazines. This work was inspired by Jany Reekers'article (Adiktologie, 2012) where the author tried to map out magazines for addictive substances users all over the world. Aims: The object of this study is to map out magazines for illegal addictive substances users which are published in Europe. The magazines for marihuana users are not subsumed in this work. The further object is to detail the magazines from the viewpoint of formal criteria and do their content analysis. Methods: The analysis of documents, one of the basic types of the research in qualitative approach was used in this study. Acquired data was processed via Coding manual of the printed report about addictive substances and themes which involve them: The appplication for magazines coding which are given for problem illegal addictive substances users (Gabrhelík et A1., 2012). The basic research complex consisted of 11 magazines, 14 magazines were identified. Results:...
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Drop-out of patients with substance dependence from in-patient treatment
Fiala, Tomáš ; Kalina, Kamil (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Drop out for clients with addiction has an adverse effect on their abstinence - the probability of relapse is very high (Kalina, 2003). By contrast, treatment completion is associated with abstinence, lower criminal activity, fewer relapses and a higher employment rate (Brorson et al., 2013). For effective addiction treatment is crucial to minimize the number of drop outs. Risk factors appear not only on the client side, but also on the side of the service. The study focused on clients who planned to drop out, but at last they decided to stay. Anamnestic data and interviews with clients helped to identify common client traits and answer the questions about the client thinking process during the crisis, what they emphasize, how they evaluate their decision not to drop out and what motivational influences they identify. Frequent common traits of clients who overcame drop out tendencies were a higher age (90 %), criminal record (74 %), contact with psychiatry (84 %) and repeated addiction treatment (74 %). Interpersonal conflicts with staff and clients (50 %) and craving (22 %) were the most frequent reasons to drop out. Nearly 2/3 of clients appreciated the improved mental and physical health. The support from the others was the main reason for retention in treatment (31 % from relatives, 26 % from...
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Risky sexual behavior and recreational drug use on the dance scene of Ceske Budejovice: correlation study
Fürstová, Martina ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to outline connections between drug use and high risk sexual behavior of visitors of České Budějovice dance scene. Methods: The results of this survey are based on the structured anonymous questionnaire answered by 100 visitors of diferent dance parties in České Budějovice. Results: It is apperent that use of drugs an high risk sexual behavior are directly related. The overwhelming majority of respondence who behaved irresponsibly sexualy or they consider their own behavior dangerous, have behaved this way under the influence of drug. In most cases alcohol was the drug of use, sometimes a combination with another drug. Closure: People with long life drug use are much more common at dance parties in České Budějovice if compared with general population. Resuluts have shown that most respondence (89 %) has at least one expirience with risky sexual behavior. Based on the results of this survey we can state that use of drugs and sexual risky behavior are directly related.
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Patterns of cocaine use among recreational users: qualitative field research
Kulhánek, Adam ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: Typical users of cocaine are socially integrated individuals of higher education, higher income. They use it recreationally. It is a hidden population standing outside the range of addiction treatment. According to population research cocaine users in the Czech Republic create a minor subpopulation of drug users whose characteristics and behavior have not been adequately described. Aims: The primary aim is to describe patterns of cocaine use among recreational users using qualitative research methods. The secondary aim is to track how cocaine users value this drug in their lives. Methods: The concept of the study is based on qualitative research methodology. The snowball sampling was used as a selection method. Chosen respondents were given semi- structural interviews. The study sample contains 11 respondents, 7 men and 4 women in average age 26,7 (the youngest 20 years old, the oldest 33 years old) with a predominance of secondary or higher education. Data were analyzed according to the procedures of grounded theory. Results: Cocaine was consumed mainly during social events, mostly in night clubs in groups of friends. The predominant form of use was intranasal application with average frequency of 3-5 doses per party in the time range of single doses of 30-60 min. Cocaine was always...
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