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Use of fairy tales and folk-lore habits by parents
Horková, Lenka ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
The goal of this Diploma Thesis was to find out how parents are using the fairy tales stories and folklore traditions, especially in form of using the spooky supernatural beings. By using the available sources, we explored the actual psychological knowledge about the origin and meanings of fairy tales, the processes of their change during the time and anticipations about their usage nowadays. The psychoanalytic theory happens to be very useful in explaining the symbology and meaning of fairy tale. Freud's ideas were also applicable for explication of fear of supernatural beings. Empirical data, obtained by interviewing the families, brought the answers regarding the process of reading the fairy tales and haunting, a parental motivation to these activities, measure of parental understanding of fairy tales and explanations about the children perception of fairy tales and spooky entities too. Key words : meanings of the fairy tales, using of fairy tale, using of spooks as a parenting method
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Little Red Riding Hood: who is he, the Wolf?
Táborská, Lucie ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
Anglický abstrakt: Title of Essay: Little Red Riding Hood: Who is the Wolf? Author: Lucie Táborská Department: Department of Psychology Supervisor: Doc. Miloš Kučera, CSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: Milos.Kucera@seznam.cz Abstract: This baccalaureate thesis essay titled "Little Red Riding Hood - Who Is the Wolf?" discusses the worldwide - known fairytale about the Little Red Riding Hood. The essay consists of three parts. In the opening segment, the author elaborates on the historical background of the evolution of the fairytale. The first mentions are of the original oral versions known throughout the Europe, but also other parts of the world (Asia, Africa). For the western culture, however, the most important ones are the literally recorded tales by Charles Perrault and Brothers Grimm. The second part focuses on the importance and interpretation of the character of the Wolf in the story. The main antagonist can be viewed either as a masculine figure (seducing type, dark side of a father figure, aggressive masculinity) or a persona with more feminine traits (mother, grandmother, the Great Mother). Both approaches have a significant number of representatives, a brief overview of which is the author's main goal. The final section of the essay offers an insight into two most common interpretations of the...
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Literary and psychological specifics of fairy tales as a genre
Šimotová, Eva ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
My Diploma Thesis has a theoretical character. I dealt with fairy tales as a genre. I worked only with the folkloric fairy tales that are different from the modern ones in the way of universality. In the first part I looked for characteristic features of these stories from the literary and psychological point of view. I focused on time and place expression and how the fairy tale deals with the identity of characters and typical phenomenon of the good and the bad. Through these principles children can easily identify with the heroes of stories and therefore they help to solve specific developmental crisis and also to reach individual autonomy and integrity. For me, the theoretical basis was psychoanalysis and thus I followed the fairy tales theory of Bruno Bettelheim. I used this theory in the second part of my thesis as well. The interpretation of four fairy tales: Litte Red Riding-hood (Červená Karkulka), Jack an Jill (Perníková chaloupka), The Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Sněhurka) and Hrnečku, vař! are given. It is about the determination of the main topic and the interpretation of individual motives. Besides the different options how to interpret it I also compared the different versions of these stories. At the end I tried to have a critical view on Bettelheim's approach and also to find...
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Writing of Prechool Age Children
Holá, Andrea ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor) ; Kučera, Miloš (referee)
In my thesis I focused on writing for preschool children and its development in the context of the theory of Argentinian psychologists E. Ferreiro and his colleagues, which has its roots in Piaget's genetic epistemology. E. Ferreiro monitored and then developmentally organized the preconceptual ideas that preschool children have about writing and printing rules. 1 was interested in seeing whether Czech children implement a similar scheme when dealing with written tasks, and in comparing the eventual differences. The theoretical part is complemented by empirical research. The investigation was conducted in a kindergarten, where children received individual written assignments that they needed to try to solve. Writing was accompanied by a subsequent question and review session over the finished product with the children. The children's works were analyzed and assigned to the relevant developmental stages depending on the nature of the tasks. Results of my research should help educators, in particular First grade teachers who can take into account these Findings and use them in teaching processes.
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A Periodization of Psychological Development to Adulthood with an Emphasis on Psychoanalysis
Brožová, Kateřina ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
Author's name: Kateřina Nogolová (roz. Brožová) Institution: Charles University in Prague Psychology dept. Myslíkova 7, 110 00 Praha 1 Major: Psychology and Special education Program: Psychology Title: PERIODIZATION OF MENTAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TILL ADULTHOOD WITH PSYCHOANALYTICAL IMPACT Consultant: Doc. PhDr. Miloš Kučera, CSc. Year: 2007 Number of pages: 198 pg.(Incl. Attachement); 161 (without att.) Number of attachments: 15 Key words: Psychological development, periodisation, mental development, theory ofo cognitive development, psychoanalytical periodisation of mental development, mental development categorisation, Golden Standard, psychosexual development, mental/psychological organisators, Separation/Idividuation, Psychosocial development, Me-Self, Development of Iteligence/Thinking, moral development This work explains the impact of psychoanalysis stream on selected mental development periodisations till adulthood and actually maps current state (y. 2007) on the general mental development periodisations area. The work is based and built as comparative study of selected psychological stream/schools and their representatives, oriented on mental/psychological development. The work describes comaparation of selected mental development periodisations with psychoanalytical development...
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The Psychological Aspects of Learning Handwriting
Albertová, Barbora ; Wildová, Radka (referee) ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor)
The output of the first part of the research is creating four cognitives strategies (and their schematical representation) which are used by children during the development of writing process - repaint (most of the attention is centred to the motoric level), autodictation (important is the linguistic level - at first child read the pattern, then memorize it, recollect the graphic and then write). We divide autodictation in three forms - by letters, by syllables, by words (with sense). In the other parts of the research we describe the procedures of each stratégy in details, the variance of the strategies in the development of handwriting and their regression according to the task. In conclusion the outputs are discussed with the other publication in the references.
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The children's drawing development from five to eight
Kadlecová, Eva ; Kučera, Miloš (referee) ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor)
This work deals with children's drawing development. It's aim is to illustrate or confront the knowledge found in literature with my empirical material. The basis of this work is a collection of 69 drawings and other graphic creations of one girl in age from five-and-half to nine years. The pictures are ordered chronologically; they are in the biggest size possible in appendix. Reduced forms of pictures are printed and described in constituent chapters of practical part of this work. Theoretical part deals with wider background of formation, development and examination of children's drawing. It shows the most important authors who dealt with child's drawings from the end of 19lh century till now. Further I describe opinions of various authors who believe that child's drawing has much in common with archaic, natural nations' art and art generally. I ask and try to sum up reasons why actually the child draws.
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The idols in school age
Kravcová, Jana ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Doubek, David (referee)
This paper attempts an overview of the phenomenon of idolization in the period of childhood and adolescence. Idolization, with the meaning of secondary attachment to significant people (e.g. peers, friends, massmedia figures, excluding parents). It is concerned with defining the topic according to empirical research, paying special attention to organizing the terminology in the terms of secondary attachment and its types, as romantic, identiflcatory, platonic etc., and idolization and its types as identification, sexual adoration and crushes. The empirical part of the paper narrows its topic and is focused only on massmedia idols. It is based on empirical research, asking girl' s and boy' s (age 8-16) for their idols and reasons for their choices.
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Pupil staying aloof from interaction with classmates - ludic folklore
Mikulková, Gabriela ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kučera, Miloš (referee)
Při zpracování tématu Žák stranící se interakci-hemí folklor, se budeme převážně pohybovat na poli školské instituce, přesněji řečeno ve školní třídě. Budeme pronikat do dětského světa, budeme sledovat, jakým způsobem probíhají interakce mezi dětmi. Předem přijímáme základní fakt, že za dětmi budeme muset vstoupit do jim velmi blízkého světa a to do světa hry. Svět hry není s našimi životy spojen jen tak pro nic za nic. Hra má jistě pro lidskou existenci důležitý význam. S herní aktivitou se setkáme ve všech společenstvích a kulturách. Dle kulturní antropologie je hra nositelkou kulturních projevů lidského života. Vývojová psychologie chápe hru jako jakýsi trenažér pro život rozvíjející se na instinktivním základě a jako prostor pro vyrovnání se s nároky běžného života. Svou roli může sehrát při zdravém vývoji a rozvoji každého jedince. Pomocí hry dítě poznává a reflektuje svět, ověřuje si a procvičuje své nabývající dovednosti, učí se novým zkušenostem, které potom použije v běžném životě. Do světa hry můžeme unikat před všednostmi života, můžeme si v něm plnit svá přání, touhy či určité potřeby. Skrze hru můžeme světu něco říkat. Zvláště psychoanalýza poukazuje na hru jako na prostor pro ventilaci emočních konfliktů a odreagování z napětí. V následující práci budeme však vycházet převážně z poznatků...
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Fear felt by Pre-schoolers and Strategies for Dealing with It
Barešová, Zuzana ; Vavrda, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kučera, Miloš (referee)
The topič of the thesis is fear of pre-school children. We particularly observe what children at this age are afraid of and if mothers of these children know what their children are afraid of. Farther we investigate what strategies the mothers select to help their children overcome their fear and if these strategies are perceived by the children as help in coping with their fear. We also inquire what strategies children themselves select in order to overcome their fear and again we take into account if their mothers know the strategies. We observe also other aspects related to coping with children's fear such as children's fantasy, games and rituals. Finally we are concerned with problems with falling asleep, nightmares and bad dreams which can be related to children's fear at this age.
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