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Nazism and religion
Stehlík, Petr ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with a complicated relationship between National Socialist ideology with its leading figure, Adolf Hitler, on one side and religion - especially Christianity - on the other. In the first part of the thesis the attention is given to related historical context and escalating persecution, which the regime carried out on both the Protestant and Catholic Church, and also the hope, which the regime initially put into German Protestantism. Next part of the thesis is dedicated to the religious views of several prominent Nazis using transcripts of their private conversations and their diaries as a primary source of information. The last part examines the attitude of Nazism towards Judaism, Islam and atheism as well as the theory of political religion.
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Trotskyism in the Czech Republic with Emphasis on Development since 2000
Štorkánová, Lucie ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
The submitted thesis deals with the issue of left-wing extremism, especially the development of Trotskyist groups in the territory of Czechoslovakia, later the Czech Republic between the years 1989 - 2014. In the first part of the thesis, the background of Trotskyism thought is introduced as an ideology which is the result of a long-standing conflict between Trotsky and Stalin that was primarily concerned with direction, leadership and the nature of the Soviet Union. The main topics of Trotskyism as the intellectual movement are defined on the base of the analysis of several major writings by L. D. Trotsky. The second part is devoted to the analysis of a number of Trotskyist organizations that are acting or have acted in the Czech environment. In total, four groups from the Czech environment can be identified as Trotskyist. These are the following entities: "Budoucnost" ("Socialist Alternative Future"), "Socialistická solidarita" ("Socialist Solidarity"), "Socialistická organizace pracujících" ("Socialist Organization of Working People"), and "Nová antikapitalistická levice/Levá perspektiva" ("New Anti- Capitalist Left/Left Perspective"). This thesis is an analysis of the development of these groups, of their requirements and program principles, and of the events which these groups participated in during...
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Spinoza's concept of democracy
Brzkovská, Eliška ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of democracy in the works of the Dutch philosopher Benedict Spinoza, specifically in his Theologico-Political Treatise and Political Treatise. Spinoza's contribution to the modern political thought is based on the fact that he is one of the first political thinkers claiming that democracy is the best possible form of government. In this thesis, Spinoza's conception of democracy is presented within the context of the period in which his works were written, the events that could have contributed to the forming of his view, and other philosophers whose works influenced his works, directly or indirectly. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the basic elements of Spinoza's philosophy, which forms a coherent systém in which his political philosophy is related to his metaphysical insights. The main part of this paper consists of interpretation of Spinoza's thoughts on democracy in the Theologico-Political Treatise and unfinished Political Treatise. The aim of this thesis is to clarify how Spinoza understands the concept of democracy and the importance of democracy in the context of his works. This thesis also focuses on reasons that led Spinoza to consider democracy the best form of government, and the arguments used to advocate this claim.
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The French Revolution and historiography
Prouza, Jiří ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the historiography of the French revolution. It traces its development since the very beginning until nowadays. It aims to explain key approaches and trends of interpretations of this fundamental event in European and world history. First chapter is concerned with early interpretations - conservative, liberalistic, republican and socialistic, which all mainly arose out of political beliefs of their authors and therefore each of those tried to discover rather the political than the historical "truth". Second chapter focuses on the Marxist view, that dominated in the revolutionary historiography during the 20th century. In the 1960s and 1970s Anglo-American historians (e.g. Cobban, Taylor, Palmer) began to dispute the crucial thoughts of the Marxist historians - concept of the bourgeois revolution, class-struggle and socioeconomic determinism, that were spread above all by Soboul. "Revisionism" moved to the French historiography (esp. Furet) soon after. This approach is described in the third chapter. The revisionist historians finally overthrew the Marxist orthodoxy in the 1980s; however, the historical discussion on the French revolution has continued. Since the revolutionary historiography emancipated from the Marxist dogmatism, it attracted the attention of other...
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Discussion about the Czech Deal
Brabec, Dušan ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Main subject of this bachelor's thesis is a discussion about the Czech deal in the context of Prague spring 1968. This discussion took place on the pages of newspapers and magazines in the 1968 - 1969. In the first chapter of this thesis, the main factors which resulted in the loss of the reform process of Prague spring are analyzed. In the second chapter, the discussion about Czech deal is being analyzed, the original texts are being compared and the main arguments of main authors of these documents are explained. The third chapter takes into account the overlap of the original discussion about Czech deal nowadays and investigates whether some moments of the Prague spring could provide solutions for the modern society problems.
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Central Powers: Formation and Evolution of the Alliance
Sedláček, Tadeáš ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
Presented bachelor thesis describes alliance policy of Great Powers in last quarter of 19th century and in the beginning of 20th century. The thesis examines ways how alliance policy helped to form so-called Central Powers, which later became one of combatant in the upcoming Great War. The thesis sums up and analyse factors which led particular countries into joining the alliance. For this aim I have used international relations theory of realism, which is significant theory throughout 20th century. I have focused on two main groups of countries in my thesis, one of them actually formed Central Powers (Prussia, later Germany; Austria, later Austria-Hungary and Italy), while the other group consists of possible candidate states (United Kingdom and Russia). I have found realism most useful in this context as its main principles (state as most important actor, anarchic essential of international relations, mutually hostile relations between countries) extended with concept of balance of powers by Kenneth Waltz and Stephen Walt follows the way of thinking of 19th century statesmen.
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Just War Theory and Humanitarian Intervention: Case of Kosovo
Šolc, Martin ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to assess the NATO military intervention in Kosovo from the spring 1999 in terms of international law and - first of all - the western just war theory. The thesis first focuses on the genesis of just war theory in the political philosophy of european Antiquity, Middle Ages and early Modern Age, which provides better understanding of the meaning of certain conditions which are necessary to fulfill in order to use force legitimately. The thesis further comes to conclusion that humanitarian intervention forms a legitimate part of contemporary just war theory. The theoretical part of thesis ends with definition of necessary and auxiliary just war criteria applicable to humanitarian intervention; there is also described the regulation of the use of force in international law. The thesis then proceeds to proper case study. After the history of conflict is briefly addressed, international law norms and just war criteria are applied to the NATO military intervention. The thesis concludes that the intervention was illegal: the conditions set by the UN Charter were not met nor was there to be found any customary norm which would provide the action of Alliance with a legal basis. On the other hand, the intervention proved to be legitimate in terms of just war theory: all of...
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Dialogue Rádl versus Hejdánek
Doležal, Kryštof ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The problem of nation and nationalism is the subject of reflections in Czech political thought from the late 19th century; broader problem with definition of nation and its meaning constitutes more than centennial polemic called "the Czech question". This bachelor thesis inquiries chapter of this controversy, the works of two Protestant philosophers: Emanuel Rádl and Ladislav Hejdánek. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare concepts of these authors that are related to the nation, nationalism and philosophy of history. Furthermore, this bachelor thesis discloses continuity of certain idealistic-theological tradition, whose roots are discoverable (according to one interpretation) in ancient Israel. For Rádl and Hejdánek nation is a moral category, which is why the ethic aspects are central motive for their analysis of nation.
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Political Philosophy of Almoravid and Almohad Period in Iberian Peninsula
Buryšová, Jana ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor thesis presents the work of the political philosophy in al - Andalus, today's Iberian Peninsula. The main topic of the work is the disquisition on the publications of Ibn Rushd and Ibn Bajjah in the field of the political philosophy. Concerning Ibn Bajjah's work, the interpretation is focused on his main tract "Governance of the Solitary", and regarding Ibn Rushd's work, the study is based on his writings "Exposition of Plato's Republic" and "Decisive Treatise on the Relation between Philosophy and Religion." Political thought of these authors is first presented in the historical context, afterwards the political thought of each author is discussed individually, and at the end, the theses of Ibn Rushd and Ibn Bajjah are compared together. In this comparison, the work focuses on the relation between the individual and the society and the role of a philosopher in society. The work also studies the views of the authors on a perfect state and an imperfect state, whose classification is taken over from Plato by both thinkers. The last part focuses on the followers of Ibn Rushd and Ibn Bajjah. Mainly, there is explained a political thought of Ibn Tufail, who bases his work "Alive, son of Awake" on the Ibn Bajjah's tract "Governance of the Solitary". The aim of the thesis is to give an...
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Concept of thermal envelope of habitat for extreme environments
Kučera, Jan ; Charvát, Pavel (referee) ; Katolický, Jaroslav (advisor)
Various types of stationary and mobile habitats for extreme environments are described in this bachelor thesis. Description is focused on structure of heat envelope and its thermal resistance. The thermal envelope with influence of thermal bridges with the way to calculate and quantify this phenomenon and its influence on thermal loss by heat transfer is described in second part of this thesis. In third and last part of this thesis is designed deployable habitat for which is calculated thermal loss by heat transfer. After calculating heat loss, the panel joints are analysed in Therm software for calculating linear thermal transmittance of its detail. After all the thermal loss by heat transfer with influence of thermal bridges is count and compared with loss without thermal bridges.
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