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Drug allergies - immunopathological reactions of skin and mucous membranes
Švecová, Monika ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medicinal Science Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Candidate: Monika Švecová Title of diploma thesis: Drug allergies - immunopathological reactions of skin and mucous membranes Immune reactions to small molecular compounds as drugs can cause a variety of diseases mainly involving skin, mucous membranes, liver, kidney, lungs and other organs. In addition to relatively well-known immediate and IgE mediated reactions to drugs, many drug - induced hypersensitivity reactions appear delayed. These reactions are predominantly characterized by exanthematous macular or maculopapular skin eruptions. However, approximately 2 % of cases develop into a severe and life - threating systematic immune reaction associated with organ damage. Severe/life - threatening reactions include bullous reactions, such as Stevens - Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, but also acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of these reactions is based on the understanding of the mechanisms by which drugs are recognized by T lymphocytes, on a thorough analysis of subtypes and function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells...
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A comparison of tacrine - phenothiazine derivatives in the efficacy of cholinesterase inhibition
Pulkrábková, Lenka ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Marek, Jan (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Lenka Pulkrábková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Martina Hrabinová Title of diploma thesis: A comparison of tacrine - phenothiazine derivatives in the efficacy of cholinesterase inhibition Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia. It is manifested by a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as memory loss, social skills etc. Ethiology and pathogenesis of the disease has a multifactorial character and is not well known. Among the major pathological features belong: presence of neuronal loss, especially loss of cholinergic neurons, extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, oxidative stress etc. As AD is influenced by multiple factors, the main strategy in treatment is intervention multiple targets in the brain as well. Such drugs are denoted as multi-target- directed ligands (MTDLs) and they affect different molecular abnormalities of AD. The aim of this diploma thesis was the evaluation of the ability of tacrine- phenothiazine derivatives to inhibit cholinesterases (AChE, BChE). Derivatives with two to five carbons...
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Evaluation of muscle strength among groups with varying degrees of physical activity
Voplakalová, Sabina ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Sabina Voplakalová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of muscle strength among groups with varying degrees of physical activity The aim of this thesis was to elaborate the existing knowledge about the composition of the human body, muscle strength depending on the different levels of physical activity and methods that can be used for evaluation. The next goal was to collect custom data on a selected group of people using available devices and finding statistically significant associations between individual parameters. A total of 24 healthy individuals with variable physical activity, aged 21-27 years (10 males, 14 females), were divided into two groups, according to the average energy expenditure. Data collection included basic anthropometric measurements, determination of body composition by means of bioimpedance spectroscopy, spirometric parameters and muscle force by means of digital pinchgrip/myometer. Significant statistical differences between the measured groups were found in body mass, body mass index and peak expiratory flow. When evaluating maximum strength, the groups were different in flexion of ankle and elbow....
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Evaluation of muscle endurance among groups with varying degrees of physical activity
Pospíšilová, Markéta ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Aim of this thesis is to compare muscle endurance in group of people with different physical activity. For this thesis we chose 24 people, specifically 14 women and 10 men, who were 21-27 years old and we divided them into two groups according to their daily energy expenditure into active and inactive group. Because of the fact that during physical activity ratio of body composition changes, part of this thesis was also anthropological measurement, where we measured body composition of every person by method of bioimpedance and also their weight and height. We also measured spirometry parameters. Then we used myometer and pinchgrip for measurement of muscle endurance in selected group of muscles in half of maximal strength. We discovered significant differences in muscle endurance in various groups of muscle. In some groups of muscles we proved significantly higher values of muscle endurance (determined as time of endurance test and area under the curve of dependence of muscle strength on time) in the group of people with higher daily energy expenditure. We successfully proved significant association of muscle endurance with energy expenditure, body composition and spirometrical parameters.
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Association of phase angle with parameters of energy metabolism in patients with COPD
Kovářová, Lenka ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Lenka Kovářová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Association of phase angle with parameters of energy metabolism in patients with COPD Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, energy metabolism, indirect calorimetry, phase angle Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious inflammatory disorder with constantly rising global prevalence. In addition to the characteristic irritation of respiratory tract with a progressive decline in pulmonary function, it is associated with significant systemic effects that contribute to the severity of the health condition. Moreover, metabolic changes related to ongoing systemic inflammation including increased respiratory demands, inappropriate nutritional supplementation and pharmacotherapy are observed in patients with COPD. In this work we focused on finding the association between phase angle (PA), the cell mass predictor obtained with bioelectrical impedance analysis and parameters of energy metabolism determined by indirect calorimetry. In total, 50 patients with a stable COPD were analysed, who were further divided by gender and measured PA with a limit value of 5. In group with PA < 5, we...
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Origin, migration and differentiation germ cell in the embryonic and fetal period of human development.
Kovačičová, Denisa ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to make a review of academic literature and databases related to topics of embryonal and fetal development, morphology and physiology of male gonads. This work describes also the genetic determination of sex development. One chapter is dedicated to describing two methods (histological method and FISH), which are used to diagnosing diseases related to mistakes in ontogenesis. The last chapter deals with two diseases - the Klinefelter syndrome as the most frequent numeric gonosomal aberration of men, and persistent Müllerian duct syndrome as a defect of development of men with normal karyotype. Finally, the complexity of topics of this thesis is discussed. Key words: germ cells, spermatogenesis, sex determination, Klinefelter syndrome, persistent Müllerian duct syndrome
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases
Novotná, Veronika ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Veronika Novotná Supervisor: doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Title of diploma thesis: Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases The diploma thesis deals with mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases and it is divided into two main parts. The first part summarized the classification of neurodegenerative diseases and general charakteristic of mitochondria.Then a describe of the processes of oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, apoptosis and briefly decribe the nervous system. The second part deals with description of mitochondrial dysfunction in selected nerodegenerative diseases. The recent studies refer to connection between mitochondrial dysfunctions and formation of neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, neuronal cell death, oxidative damage
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Relation among BMI, hyperinsulinemia and selected biochemical indicators
Dobrovodová, Monika ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Monika Dobrovodová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Advisor of master thesis: prof. MUDr. Karel Martiník, DrSc. Title of master thesis: Relation among BMI, hyperinsulinemia and selected biochemical indicators This thesis is focussed on specification of relations among BMI, insulinemia, age of the patients, C-peptid blood levels and glycemia and also searching relations among selected parameters of lipid spectrum in group of selected patients. Measuring of body height and weight and investigation of fasting glycemia, insulinemia, total cholesterolemia, blood levels of HDL and LDL and also C-peptid were done at 3472 patients. Afterwards few basic indexes of insulin resistance and sensitivity were counted. In this group was proven, that fasting insulinemia and C-peptid levels are increasing in according to increasing BMI. Also fasting glycemia is increasing modestly. Insulin resistance and sensitivity indexes used in this theses depends on BMI. Although statistically significant differences between age groups were proven according to insulin resistance and sensitivity indexes, we can't see clearly increasing or decreasing tendency in according to...
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Bioethics VI - contraception
Dvořáková, Kristýna ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biological and medical sciences Kristýna Dvořáková Supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Bioethics VI - Contraception Background: To create basic overview of bioethics and its resources and principles. To summarize the contemporary contraceptive methods. To analyze the problematics of contraceptives from bioethical perspective as thoroughly as possible. Main findings: In the Diploma Thesis, we have studied the problematics of bioethics, bioethical principles and mainly the problematics of contraceptives. We were focused mostly on the ideas behind bioethics, its principles and connections to religious doctrines. Moreover, we summarized the contraceptive methods, its history, development and research of the new methods. We compiled available statistics data about the usage of contraceptives in the Czech Republic and across the world. Next part of the Thesis describes the bioethical aspects of contraceptives usage. We concluded with the focus on the religious perspectives on contraceptives. We discovered that the Catholic church acknowledges only the naturally planned parenthood. The perspectives of other religious beliefs vary. Some emphasize the harmony of man's actions and conscience,...
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The nitrogen balance evaluation at ventilated polytrauma patients in ICU.
Slováková, Tereza ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nutritional support on energy expenditure and nutritional substrates oxidation, focused on proteins and nitrogen balance, in ventilated polytraumatized patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The study was performed on 15 critically ill patients (12 men and 3 women), their average age was 43,6 ± 17,5 years. 7 patients were examinated without nutritional support, 8 patients were examinated after administration of hypocaloric nutritional support. The examination of fasting patients was conducted after at least 4 hours of fasting. The examination of patients with nutritional support were conducted after at least 4 hours of nutritional support administration. Energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure and nutritional substrates oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. After statistical analysis of measured data was found, that administration of hypocaloric nutritional support did not significantly influence nutritional substrates oxidation. Protein intake correlated with total nitrogen balance (p = 0,0133) and muscular condition. Results suggest, that administered proteins were partly used as source of energy instead of muscle protein and partly used a different way, e.g. for tissue reparation. Therefore, nutritional support...
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