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Aristotle's conception of space: Phys. IV 208a27-213a11
Císař, Karel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
Aristotelovo zkoumání bytnosti místa z Fyziky IV 1-5 se stalo předmětem polemické diskuse již v textech jeho starověkých komentátorů. N arozdíl od jiných témat se navíc takřka žádný z nich nepokusil Aristotelovo pojetí místa hájit. Uzavírá-li Aristotelés své zkoumání definicí, podle které je místo "první nepohyblivou hranici obklopujícího tělesa", a vymezuje je tím jako dvojrozměrnou nepohyblivou mez, v níž se s umístěným tělesem stýká obklopující těleso či agregát těles, většina jeho následovníků má místo za trojrozměrnou rozlehlost. Jak víme ze Simplikiova svědectví, již Theofrastos poukazoval na obtíže spojené s dvojrozměrností a nepohyblivostí místa, i na skutečnost, že ne všechno bude podle této definice v místě. 1 Novoplatónští komentátoři se zase zaměřovali na Aristotelovo odmítnutí možnosti připsat místu příčinnost, což se podle nich neshodovalo s Aristotelovou koncepcí vlastního místa.2 Dalším zdrojem obtíží je pak zdánlivý vnitřní rozpor mezi jednotlivými koncepcemi místa, které Aristotelés zastává v různých spisech. V Kategoriích je místo vykládáno v kontextu nepřetržité kvantity jako trojrozměrná rozlehlost soumístná s tělesem. 3 Ve spisu O nebi Aristotelés pracuje s koncepcí vlastních míst, jejichž směrem se pohybují jednoduchá tělesa. Lehký oheň se pohybuje nahoru a těžká země dolů, zatímco...
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The Meaning of the Question of Being: An Interpretation of an intrinsic Connection between Being and the No-thing in Heidegger's What is Metaphysics?
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
This paper deals, building on a ground defined by Heidegger's What is Metaphysics?, with a single question: in what sense do being and the no-thing belong together? This question is being addressed at two parallel levels. Based on a detailed interpretation of key text passages that have often been examined insufficiently due to their lack of accessibility, it aims to gain a complex insight into the issue and interpret it in its many nuances of meaning. At the same time, its aim is to articulate a general philosophical significance of the intrinsic connection between being and the no-thing; to what extent it affects the innermost intention of Heidegger's fundamental ontology as such, i.e. raising the question of the meaning of being. The paper builds on a phenomenological description of the original experience of the no-thing and captures a transformation of a human being into a pure Da-sein, which he goes through during this experience. Since the experience of the no-thing according to Heidegger is identical to the basic mood of dread, this piece of work depicts it in relation to seemingly similar, but in their meaning actually opposite moods: fear and, most importantly, abysmal boredom. Subsequently, it puts forward an interpretation of the no-thing's own ontological significance and thus...
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The promise of wealth and the meaning of politics (Hannah Arendt on politics and economics)
Ujfaluši, Robin ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Kohák, Erazim (referee)
This paper focuses on the topic which is not so often reflected - the relation between the political and economical sphere in the thought of Hannah Arendt. This relation is usually considered to be unambiguous, as in the old Greek political thought: the political belongs to the sphere of freedom, the economical, on the contrary, to the sphere of material providing or necessity, and thus there is a substantial, invincible gap between them. The main thesis of this paper is, that the relation between the political and the economical is by no means assessable to the ancient tradition, but it is strongly determined by the general reflection of the civilization tendencies in the modern age and keeps its validity til nowadays. We follow this thesis in two phases and from two different perspectives. In the first part, Arendt's thought is being interpreted "from inside". Through the analysis of her writings, we try to sum up the main characteristics and distinctions of her economical-political thought. We start with the often neglected and never finished, but important work What is politics and continue with three historical moments, which are crucial for understanding of this relation by Arendt: the old Greek political thinking, the modern age with Marx as its prominent thinker and american Fathers as founders of...
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Two perspectives of language in Nietzsche's early thinking
Roreitner, Robert ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This article presents the early Nietzsche's work from 1856-73, which is placed here into context of its plentiful reception in the eighties and nineties and from which it offers czech translations of some important texts. The first chapter shows how in the connection with autobiographical notes from 1856-65 the theme of language enters into Nietzsche's thinking, namely as a milieu able to let some moments of past endure. In the second chapter it is in particular in confrontation with Schopenhauer, but also on the background of Langes and Hartmanns works, demonstrated how the concept of music articulates itself in Nietzsche's notes from 1869-71. It becomes clear that Nietzsche's music, which unhides the process of becoming, the mode of succession (Aufeinander), through which everything passes without regard on its quality and which is specified in oposition to language displaying everything in the mode of coexistence (Nebeneinander), thus as ideas, representations, symbols, that this music represents together with its counterpart in language a pair of concepts much more general than are the usual concepts of language and music. Language and music are two respects of symbolic system, into which we have always already entered. In the third chapter breakdown of Nietzsche's conception of culture is firstly...
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Reflections on language in Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Fritz Mauthner, Walter Benjamin, and Franz Kafka
Jičínská, Veronika ; Stromšík, Jiří (advisor) ; Kouba, Pavel (referee) ; Krolop K., (referee)
The dissertation considers the so-called crisis in language experienced by Germanspeaking intellectuals at the turn of the century. In particular, the dissertation thesis concentrates on Jewish writers and their attempt to understand the role translation plays in generating cultural meaning and racial identity. Authors such as Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Fritz Mauthner, Franz Kafka, and Walter Benjamin, all grappled with what they perceived as language's inability to express anything but contingent representations of empirical and social reality. This failure of language meant that one's native language was always already a translation of an unknown text from an inscrutable foreign language. Seizing upon the problematic, powerful role language plays in culturally, hegemonic formations, these authors challenged German anti-Semitism from within the material-linguistic basis of German anti-Semitism itself. At the same time, they constructed various conceptions of Jewish translations based on the impossibility of translations - a counter-hegemonic movement meant to decenter German as the lingua franca of culture. Concentrating on and complicating notions of the translatability of Yiddish into German and vice versa, German-speaking Jewish artists and intellectuals were able to put into question German's status as a...
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At the Borders of Metaphysics. An Attempt to Interpret Patočka's Philosophy of Negative Platonism
Sladký, Pavel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee) ; Blecha, Ivan (referee)
The thesis aims to interpret the philosophy of negative Platonism, which Jan Patočka developed during the 1950s. In the first part, negative Platonism, whose preliminary notion is derived from the interpretation of the eponymous programme essay, is studied in the context of contemporary philosophical discussion and Patočka's subjectivist humanistic conception he developed in the latter half of the 1940s as well as his lectures on classical philosophy. The second part contains author's own systematic interpretation of negative Platonism, including the reconstruction of the textual corpus of Patočka's programme. Finally, the third part, which considers first the inspirational sources of the observed project, reviews negative Platonism and outlines a concept, with which Patočka replaced negative Platonism in the late 1950s. The thesis aims to outline the philosophy of negative Platonism as an important stage in Patočka's philosophical development as well as a significant part of the modern history of European thinking.
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At the Borders of Metaphysics. An Attempt to Interpret Patočka's Philosophy of Negative Platonism
Sladký, Pavel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee) ; Blecha, Ivan (referee)
The thesis aims to interpret the philosophy of negative Platonism, which Jan Patočka developed during the 1950s. In the first part, negative Platonism, whose preliminary notion is derived from the interpretation of the eponymous programme essay, is studied in the context of contemporary philosophical discussion and Patočka's subjectivist humanistic conception he developed in the latter half of the 1940s as well as his lectures on classical philosophy. The second part contains author's own systematic interpretation of negative Platonism, including the reconstruction of the textual corpus of Patočka's programme. Finally, the third part, which considers first the inspirational sources of the observed project, reviews negative Platonism and outlines a concept, with which Patočka replaced negative Platonism in the late 1950s. The thesis aims to outline the philosophy of negative Platonism as an important stage in Patočka's philosophical development as well as a significant part of the modern history of European thinking.
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The Idea of Eternal Recurrence in Friedrich Nietzsche's Philosophy
Nekolný, Jan ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
The basic aim of the present thesis is to introduce the idea of eternal recurrence and its immense relevance as an integral component of Friedrich Nietzsche's thinking, in which it is deeply anchored, touching on all the other of its most important matters. It is highly important to reflect on deeply ambiguous character of this idea and not to ignore its own tensions from which it draws its specific power to intensify and thus expose the underlying difficulties concealed in the heart of traditional metaphysical approaches and their consequences. The transformation that is the real goal of the idea of eternal recurrence strives to overcome these approaches and break open a wide perspective of possibilities for the human life as a creative and positing power, not torn out of this world but in deep engagement with it. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Aristotle's conception of space: Phys. IV 208a27-213a11
Císař, Karel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
Aristotelovo zkoumání bytnosti místa z Fyziky IV 1-5 se stalo předmětem polemické diskuse již v textech jeho starověkých komentátorů. N arozdíl od jiných témat se navíc takřka žádný z nich nepokusil Aristotelovo pojetí místa hájit. Uzavírá-li Aristotelés své zkoumání definicí, podle které je místo "první nepohyblivou hranici obklopujícího tělesa", a vymezuje je tím jako dvojrozměrnou nepohyblivou mez, v níž se s umístěným tělesem stýká obklopující těleso či agregát těles, většina jeho následovníků má místo za trojrozměrnou rozlehlost. Jak víme ze Simplikiova svědectví, již Theofrastos poukazoval na obtíže spojené s dvojrozměrností a nepohyblivostí místa, i na skutečnost, že ne všechno bude podle této definice v místě. 1 Novoplatónští komentátoři se zase zaměřovali na Aristotelovo odmítnutí možnosti připsat místu příčinnost, což se podle nich neshodovalo s Aristotelovou koncepcí vlastního místa.2 Dalším zdrojem obtíží je pak zdánlivý vnitřní rozpor mezi jednotlivými koncepcemi místa, které Aristotelés zastává v různých spisech. V Kategoriích je místo vykládáno v kontextu nepřetržité kvantity jako trojrozměrná rozlehlost soumístná s tělesem. 3 Ve spisu O nebi Aristotelés pracuje s koncepcí vlastních míst, jejichž směrem se pohybují jednoduchá tělesa. Lehký oheň se pohybuje nahoru a těžká země dolů, zatímco...
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The Meaning of the Question of Being: An Interpretation of an intrinsic Connection between Being and the No-thing in Heidegger's What is Metaphysics?
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
This paper deals, building on a ground defined by Heidegger's What is Metaphysics?, with a single question: in what sense do being and the no-thing belong together? This question is being addressed at two parallel levels. Based on a detailed interpretation of key text passages that have often been examined insufficiently due to their lack of accessibility, it aims to gain a complex insight into the issue and interpret it in its many nuances of meaning. At the same time, its aim is to articulate a general philosophical significance of the intrinsic connection between being and the no-thing; to what extent it affects the innermost intention of Heidegger's fundamental ontology as such, i.e. raising the question of the meaning of being. The paper builds on a phenomenological description of the original experience of the no-thing and captures a transformation of a human being into a pure Da-sein, which he goes through during this experience. Since the experience of the no-thing according to Heidegger is identical to the basic mood of dread, this piece of work depicts it in relation to seemingly similar, but in their meaning actually opposite moods: fear and, most importantly, abysmal boredom. Subsequently, it puts forward an interpretation of the no-thing's own ontological significance and thus...
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