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Administrative delicts of legal entities
Kareta, Jan ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
72 10. Resumé Liability of legal entities is a actual issue which is broadly discussed not only in the Czech republic in the connection with criminal law reform but in the whole Europe. According to the international treaties and also as a result of internal interest each state has to find its way to be able to impose effective and deterring sanctions towards legal entities in the the case of breach of public law. This thesis describes the Czech system of public liability of legal entities which lies within the administrative branch of law, its difficulies and suggests how it could be partialy improved. Current state of the law of liability of legal entities suffers from numerous imperfections, defects and from the absence of general arrangement. The most important challenge which lies before the Czech legislatives is to deside if the public law liability of legal entities stays within the reach of the administrative law and will be just altered and impoved partialy or if it shifts to the penal law. This question is very hard to respond, because the traditional continental criminal law is on one hand based on the principle "societas delinquere non potest", which means that the legal entity is not able to possess a guilty state of mind (or mind at all) and on the other hand it is based on the principle of...
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Effect of education on social inequalities
Stočková, Eva ; Krištofová, Zuzana (referee) ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor)
In this publication I systematically follow questions of education in relation of social inequalities. After explaining my choice of this subject in the introduction of this publication I defined some fundamental terms (which I work with) mainly by the help of encyclopaedic definitions. A separate chapter is dedicated to the dilemma of educational chances with a brief historical excursion to the field of equal educational chances. The next chapter follows with a more extensive overview of various conceptions and theories of the educational reproductions within societies. Some selected international thematic studies have also own place here, as they have its important position in this field of researches and they simultaneously bring valuable findings. In the context of andragogy I devoted a special attention to the topics of the lifelong learning especially to equal chances in the field of the lifelong learning. Furthermore I present some of the views of social inequalities in adult education and professional education which I extracted mainly from the education policy analysis of OECD. The final chapter is dedicated to the situation in the Czech Republic, the political changes after 1989 of which had opened certain questions relating to educational reproductions. This situation has enabled to a number of...
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Extent and origins of inequalities in the access to continuing education
Visinger, Radek ; Krištofová, Zuzana (referee) ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor)
In my dissertation I deal with the problem of persistent educational inequalities. The participation in continuing education determine to a great extent one's life opportunities. That's why the promotion of equal educational opportunity is so important. The decision made in order to reduce social inequalities by means of education should be based on an argument that reproduction or intensification of these inequalities constitutes unfairness or even discrimination in the use of individual social rights. There's no freedom when deprived of an available alternative and furthermore it isn't morally admissible to handicap however a person by admitting criteria different from degree of capacity and individual effort. Moreover I call attention to some fateful consequences of the extension of market strategy into the field of education and I analyze different theoretical approaches to redistribution in order to put everybody on an equal footing with the access to education. In the third part I dissert upon principal sociological theories which try to explain the genesis and the probable reproduction of educational inequalities. I draw attention to the meritocracy principle, different theories of reproduction of educational structure and to the rational choice theory. The free access of masses to the superior...
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Demands of adults learning a foreign languages
Crawley, Lucie ; Pivoňková, Lucie (referee) ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor)
The theme of this baccalaureate work is the current need to supplement adult knowledge of foreign languages. The goal of the work is to survey this problem and its possible solutions. The first chapter describes the reasons for this increased need, examines national and international documents and steps which have been taken to solve this problem. The second chapter describes the physiological changes of adult learners during the process of ageing and their motivation for studying. The general rules and description of specific didactic methods occupy the third chapter. The fourth chapter is dedicated to adults with special learning needs. Their number is increasing as is the real need for solving their problems. The fifth chapter is a summary of the most common reasons for the failure of language studying from both the point of view of the student and the study organizer. This work concludes that there is a lack of understanding about adult education due to a widespread belief that adults are not capable of studying and that more information should be made available. Another problem is with the quality of language teachers. The ideal teacher should have sufficient pedagogic education as well as good personal qualities to be a trusted adult adviser and guide during study. He should also motivate adult...
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The changes in cell adhesion molecule expression in various pathological states in animal models
Koldová, Helena ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
The changes in cell adhesion molecule expression in various pathological states in animal models. Mgr.Helena Koldová This rigorous work was focused on the study of atorvastatin effects in apoE/LDL- receptor deficient mice. The aim was to elucidate whether atrovastatin posses similar effects that are common in humans. Female ApoE/LDL receptor-double-knockout mice at 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group of animals (n=8) was fed with the atherogenic (western type) diet for another 8 weeks. The same atherogenic diet and treatment period was used in other two groups where atorvastatin was added to the diet at the dosage of 10 mg/kg per day. Biochemical analysis of blood cholesterol fractions, ELISA analysis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels in blood, and stereological analysis of atherosclerotic plaque size in aortic sinus was performed. The biochemical analysis showed that administration of 10 mg/kg of atorvastatin resulted in a mild decrease of blood cholesterol fractions. Moreover atorvastatin significantly increased the HDL levels. This mild positive influence on lipid parameters was accompanied by moderate anti-inflammatory effect which was manifested by a reduced level of MCP-1 in blood. In conclusion apoE/LDL-receptor deficient...
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Effect of feeding MDOCTM the atherogenic process in experimental / / model of atherosclerosis.
Tomalová, Pavla ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
Influence of MDOCTM Administration on Atherogenic Process in the Experimental Model of Atherosclerosis. Mgr. Pavla Tomalová In this study we investigated prospective hypolipidemic and anti - inflammatory effects of modified oxidized cellulose (MDOC). In the therapy of hyperlipidemia and blood - vessel complications (atherosclerosis) there are used the most considerable substances - statins, today. However, it was also documented, that feed dietary roughage has positive influence on cardiovascular system, inclusive of cholesterol level. MDOC (polyanhydroglucuronic acid), because of it's properties can be classified probably as the soluble fibre. We used apoE deficient mice as the model of atherosclerosis, fed by atherogenic diet. We analyzed levels of total cholesterol and other lipoprotein fractions and serum concentrations of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and VCAM-1) in blood. Total cholesterol concentrations were assessed enzymatically by conventional diagnostic methods and spectrophotometric analyses. For the detection of VCAM-1 expression in aortic sinus and part of aortic arch we used imunohistochemical methods and for quantification of VCAM-1 expression we used stereological methods. Biochemical analyses results showed that MDOC administration did not affect levels of total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol,...
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