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Human being by Ibn Rushd and Maimonides
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This thesis interprets the concept of human being in the work of Maimonides and ibn Rushd, two representatives of major Arab and Jewish medieval philosophy. It combines the ancient Greek philosophical tradition, especially Aristotle, with a religious context. When Maimonides and Ibn Rushd tried to harmonize these two traditions, they had to deal with many opposite views, that stemmed from the difference between religious and ancient world. Behind this intellectual ground have they created the original thesis and approaches to grasping reality, the world and the human being in it. The issue of human being is analyzed in three levels. The first level consists of the relationship between human being and creation, which addresses the question about origin of the world the human soul and the resurrection. The second level, i.e. the man and the world, is devoted to describing a scheme of the world, human knowledge and the theory of prophecy. Ethical and political views are analyzed on the third level, which represents the position of human being in relation to the polis. Keywords Ibn Rushd, Maimonides, Aristotle, Plato, neoplatonism, philosophy, religion, The Koran, Torah, human being, world, creation, eternity, soul, resurrection, emanation, knowledge, illumination, active intellect, prophecy, politics,...
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The Environmental Movement as a Form of Opposition in the German Democratic Republic
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Šafařík, Petr (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
The diploma thesis "The environmental movement as a form of opposition in the German Democratic Republic" deals with the problems of forming the environmental movement in the totalitarian SED state. The research concerns the time from the end of the sixties, when environmentalism gained global attention in connection with the world debate over the crisis of the industrial societies, until the beginning of the nineties, when the GDR was dissolved by the reunification with the Federal Republic of Germany. Because the environmental movement was a component of East German dissent, the first part of the thesis gives an overview of opposition in the forty-year history of the GDR. The next section devotes itself to the state's environmental policy in describing the general conditions for creation of the environmental movement. Then the work focuses on the independent environmental debate and its conversion to practical activities. The description of the actual ecological initiatives, activities and groups helps to explain the structure of the newly developing environmental movement. The last chapter concerns itself with the transformation of the independent environmental movement into a new political force and its role in the period of the peaceful revolution and German reunification of 1989/1990.
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Problem of Philosophy in Arabic Medieval Thinking
Šenk Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee) ; Kalábová, Helena (referee)
Medieval philosophy in the Arabic world has sought to harmonize the Greek philosophic tradition with the Islamic religion. Many rulers, scholars and theologians were against this intellectual approach and defend the Islam from the philosophers. The position of philosophy and its followers in the Arabic realm was therefore uneasy. Many scholars had to hide their opinions between the lines and avoid to doing philosophy publicly. Alongside the unfriendly environment, the position of philosophy in the Arabic society was also determined by common notion of scholars, that the revealing of the philosophical thoughts can be harmful for uneducated citizen, as well as influenced by mysticism. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the main philosophical approaches responding to the problematic position of philosophy in the Arabic world. Crucial will be the philosophy of solitary by Ibn Bajja, where the author seeks to bond tight the philosopher's life with the city and thus present a new role of philosopher in the Arabic society. Keywords Ibn Bajja, Rule of the Solitary, Al-Farabi, Political Regime, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Plato, The Republic, political philosophy, mysticism, ethics, philosopher, virtue, city, weeds, knowledge, governance, happiness
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Human being by Ibn Rushd and Maimonides
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This thesis interprets the concept of human being in the work of Maimonides and ibn Rushd, two representatives of major Arab and Jewish medieval philosophy. It combines the ancient Greek philosophical tradition, especially Aristotle, with a religious context. When Maimonides and Ibn Rushd tried to harmonize these two traditions, they had to deal with many opposite views, that stemmed from the difference between religious and ancient world. Behind this intellectual ground have they created the original thesis and approaches to grasping reality, the world and the human being in it. The issue of human being is analyzed in three levels. The first level consists of the relationship between human being and creation, which addresses the question about origin of the world the human soul and the resurrection. The second level, i.e. the man and the world, is devoted to describing a scheme of the world, human knowledge and the theory of prophecy. Ethical and political views are analyzed on the third level, which represents the position of human being in relation to the polis. Keywords Ibn Rushd, Maimonides, Aristotle, Plato, neoplatonism, philosophy, religion, The Koran, Torah, human being, world, creation, eternity, soul, resurrection, emanation, knowledge, illumination, active intellect, prophecy, politics,...
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Maimonides: eternal vs. created universe
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
In this thesis are analyzed Maimonides's two approaches to the question about the origin of the world, appearing in his famous philosophical \vork The guide of the perplexed. Maimonides provides arguments for the theory of eternal universe and for creatio ex nihilo, without adopting a clear position in this subject. The aim of this thesis is to answer the question, which theory of the origin of the world Maimonides asserts, and why he retains both the idea of creation and eternity. It turns out that both positions, although not evident and unprovable, can lead to accurate conclusions in faith and philosophy. A possible answer to the question, which theory of the origin of the world Maimonides actually stands, it may be the argument that Maimonides holds both positions, because there is no contradiction for him.
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The comparison of standards of living of village and city inhabitants in the region of Liberec between 1945 and 1989
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Chalupecký, Petr (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes the development of differences in standards of living between years 1945 to 1989 in North Bohemian border region and in city of Liberec and Hejnice. It captures social, economic and political change of the border region after the transfer of the German population, through the start of the communist regime, the invasion of the Soviet army with its allies and normalisation to the Velvet revolution. Based on the comparative method, both cities are first analysed from the perspective of chosen standards of living and then compared. According to gathered information for this thesis, it claims that the standards of living were slightly higher in Liberec than for the inhabitants of Hejnice. The chosen differences were however not that significant.
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