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Experimental Small Bowel Transplantation
Kudla, Michal ; Adamec, Miloš (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee) ; Hejnal, Jiří (referee)
The small bowel transplantation (SBT) represents reasonable alternative to ultimate total parenteral nutrition of the patient suffering from terminal stage of chronic bowel failure. To date, the small bowel transplantation was not carried out in the Czech Republic. The initial experimental research and gaining experience with transplantations on animal models are inevitable before successful commencement of small bowel transplantation programme. In my dissertation thesis I am in full details describing the surgical technique of small bowel transplantation in rat. In comparison with the published data I have succeed to reach rather similar results of operating time and survival of the experimental animals. In the second part of my experiment I tried to influence the acute rejection of the small bowel graft occurrence by administration of cytostatic agent gemcitabin. The chosen dosage of the remedy did not suppress the rejection. In the third part I am describing the surgical technique of lymphatic vessels reconstruction in SBT rat model, which might lead to improvement of the SBT outcome. The last part of my dissertation thesis is preclinical. I am describing the initial experience with surgical technique of small bowel graft harvesting from cadaverous donor.
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Monitoring of nutritional markers in critically ill patients with high substitution of selenium
Ešlerová, Dana ; Lahoda Brodská, Helena (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this work is to evaluate and compare the impact of high and standard doses of selenium on nutritional parameters in critically ill patients. Patients who were hospitalized for more than 5 days in Anesthesiology-resuscitation (ARO), were divided into two specific groups according to the dose administered selenium (Se + and Se-) high replacement doses Se+ (500-1000 mg / day) standard doses Se- (30-75 mg / day). In critically ill patients, selenium concentration in blood decreased up to 40%. Selenium plays an important role in protecting the body against free oxygen radicals that cause oxidative stress. This study compares the effects of standard and high doses of replacement therapy on nutritional parameters (albumin, prealbumin and cholesterol). Values of the parameters are influenced by topical status of the patient, because their deviations from the reference range may indicate both the nutritional status of the patient and the inflammatory response. The results of both groups are statistically analyzed and compared.
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Laboratory functional diagnostics of malabsorption syndromes with the focus on lactose intolerance
Pluhařová, Apolena ; Kocna, Petr (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with laboratory functional diagnostics of malabsorption syndromes. Especially the functional diagnosis of lactose intolerance. The golden standard for the functional diagnosis of lactose intolerance is the breath test. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of lactose intolerance (LI) using a lactose breath test when consuming a dose of 20 g of lactose in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and in volunteers who do not show gastrointestinal problems. Part of the research was also to examine the symptoms that led the individual to see a doctor and undergo a lactose breath test. The method consisted in the evaluation of the results of breath tests, which were performed on patients and volunteers in the gastroenterological laboratory of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and the General Hospital. A questionnaire was given to everyone to evaluate the symptoms of LI and the phenomena leading to malabsorption. Lactose intolerance was confirmed in 92 % of patients and 79 % of volunteers. The most reported symptoms in the patient sample were typical gastrointestinal LI-related problems: gastric and intestinal problems after milk consumption (85 % of patients), gastric and intestinal problems after consumption of dairy products (85 % of patients),...
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Life of coeliac and his family in these days
Machovcová, Denisa ; Kohout, Pavel (advisor) ; Pavlík, Vladimír (referee)
Name: Life of coeliac and his family in these days Aim: The aim of my diploma thesis is to map life difficulties of people with celiac disease. First of all, it is a problem with gluten-free diet which is essential for celiac disease. Problems with eating out, shopping for ingredients for meal preparation at home, expensiveness of this eating, and last but not least, support from insurance companies and the state. Methods: The theoretical part includes findings about celiac disease as an illness, it means the characteristics of its origin, diagnostics and treatment. Furthermore, findings about gluten- free diet and problems related to this kind of eating were worked. Last but not least, diet and availability of food for gluten-free eating are mentioned. I applied a survey method in the practical part, in which case an anonymous survey was created electronically by using Google forms, and then sent out via internet. The survey was filled out by 296 respondents. Outcome: We can see from the outcomes that most of the respondents sometimes break the diet due to social integration. Furthermore, we observed the frequency of eating in restaurant services, in which case most of the people sometimes visit, it means less than once a week. The reason of sporadic or even no visit to restaurants is bad...
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The Stateful Packet Processing in P4 Language
Kohout, Pavel ; Martínek, Tomáš (referee) ; Kořenek, Jan (advisor)
With the growing speed and complexity of computer networks, arise requirements for creating powerful devices that are capable of collecting statistics and changing their own functionality according to the demands of network administrators. These requirements can be described using specialized programming languages such as P4. In this bachelor thesis a design, implementation, testing and integration of register and counter stateful memory modules into P4 compiler system for FPGA technology was made. The created system supports the collection of statistics described in P4 language at speeds up to 100 Gbps.
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The need for nutritional intervention for patients after stroke
Šišková, Ivana ; Hlinovský, David (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
Need of nutritional intervention in patients after stroke Summary Aims: To identify how many patients after acute stroke have accurate oral intake of energy and proteins and how is this condition changed after one month of hospitalization. To evaluate the association between dysphagia and food intake. Methods: The evaluation was conducted by observations of food intake, eaten food records, calculating of energy and nutrients intake and comparing to needed energy (by Harris-Benedicts equation) and proteins. GUSS screening tool was used to evaluation of swallowing, ADL test for self-sufficiency assessment. Data included antropometrical indicators (weight, height, arm circumference) and nutritional screenings in Thomayer hospital in Prague. Results: Of the 35 patients, 54 % had adequate oral intake of energy and 23 % adequate intake of proteins in the first week after stroke. Adequate oral intake of energy was indicated in 66 % of patients and adequate intake of proteins in 11 % after one month of hospitalization. There were no significant improvements of oral energy intake (p=0,2891, α=0,05) or protein intake (p=0,1336, α=0,05) after one month of hospitalization. 84,4 % of patients suffered from dysphagia in first week after stroke and 60,6 % after one month of hospitalization. Correlation between inadequate...
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New regulatory hormones of breast milk
Mitrová, Katarína ; Bronský, Jiří (advisor) ; Frühauf, Pavel (referee) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
Background: Breastfeeding is supposed to exert long-term protection of the infant from the development of civilisation diseases later in life. Adiponectin, leptin and AFABP are candidate proteins in nutritional programming of the infant. Aim: To determine intraindividual changes of breast milk levels of regulatory hormones (adiponectin, leptin, AFABP) and adipophilin in breast milk during 12 months of lactation. Methods: Proteins were measured using high sensitive ELISA method in 72 healthy mothers within 2 days of beginning of lactation (day 0) and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following delivery. Results: Adiponectin levels in breast milk on day 0 (D0) were 22.8 ± 0.8 (mean ± S.E.M.), in 1 month (M1) 22.0 ± 0.6, in 3 months (M3) 20.5 ± 0.6, in 6 months (M6) 21.4 ± 0.8, and in 12 months (M12) 25.7±1.4 ng/ml. AFABP levels were 12.3 ± 2.0, 6.2 ± 1.3, 1.3 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 1.0 and 4.6 ± 1.9 ng/ml, respectively. Leptin levels were 0.3 ± 0.04, 0.2 ± 0.03, 0.1 ± 0.01, 0.1 ± 0.02 and 0.2 ± 0.04 ng/ml, respectively. Adipophilin levels in D0 were 1.98 ± 0.12, in M1 2.83 ± 0.21, in M3 2.39 ± 0.17, in M6 2.57 ± 0.16, and in M12 3.25 ± 0.21 μg/ml. We found significantly higher levels of adiponectin in M12 in comparison to M3 and M6 (p = 0.0026), higher levels of AFABP in D0 and M1 when compared to M3, M6 and M12 (p < 0.0001) and...
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Changes in Lipid metabolism in acute diseases
Hrabovský, Vladimír ; Blaha, Vladimír (advisor) ; Dítě, Petr (referee) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
Changes in lipid metabolism in acute diseases. Introduction. Abnormalities in lipid metabolism have been described in critically ill patients repeatedly. While triglycerides behave unpredictably, decrease of cholesterol levels is a typical finding. Further, low levels of cholesterol in critically ill patients have been found to be associated not only with poor prognosis but also increased mortality. Cholesterol is derived in two ways: via de novo synthesis and via dietary absorption. Both the modalities can be monitored by the determination of CH synthesis markers (lathosterol, squalene in blood plasma), and cholesterol absorption markers (sitosterol and campesterol in blood plasma) Material and method: In the first project sixty patients with acute internal disease were involved and their lipid profile was evaluated. Second and third projects have solved the same problem in the group of patients with active Cohn's disease (n=24) and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (n=24). Serum concentrations of total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in an enzymatic automated system. Non-cholesterol sterols (lathosterol, squalene, sitosterol, campesterol) were analysed using gas chromatography - mass spektrometry. The data were statistically analysed by the statistical software Sigma Stat 3,1....
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The Dietary System in Hospitals in the Czech Republic: Reality and Objective Needs
Pokorná, Daniela ; Kohout, Pavel (advisor) ; Humlová, Renata (referee)
Author: Pokorná Daniela Institution: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta Title: The Dietary System in Hostitals in the Czech Republic: Reality and Objective Needs Tutor: Doc.MUDr.PavelKohout,PhD. Numberofpages: 88 Numberofsupplements: 6 Year: 2011 Keywords: diet, dietary system, dietology, dietotherapy, nutritional therapist, reality, objective needs This paper deals with the dietary system in the facilities in the Czech Republic, particularly in hospitals, with the focus on reality and objective needs. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and research part. The theoretical part explains the terms such as dietology, diet, nutritional therapist, and subsequently the history, present state and possible future of the dietary system in the Czech Republic. In the research part, the reality and objective needs in the given field are explored. The focus is on objective conclusions of the research exploration as well as on initiatives and comments from professionals in the particular facilities. Three hypotheses were set and subsequently examined. The above data was obtained from facilities such as hospital, spas and health resorts, and senior homes. The research was basic and quantitative in nature; data- collecting was done using a questionnaire. Basing on ideas and comments from the...
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