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How Does Peer Socioeconomic Status Affect Academic Achievement? A Meta-Analysis
Markalousová, Tereza ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kantová, Klára (referee)
Using state-of-the-art meta-analysis methods, we investigate the e ect of peer socioeconomic status (SES) on academic achievement. Our data set covers almost 40 years of research, containing 449 estimates from 40 studies. We examine publication bias for the first time in this research area. Various sta- tistical tests reveal the presence of publication selection and suggest a smaller e ect size in comparison to prior findings. Employing Bayesian and frequentist model averaging techniques, we identify factors that systematically influence the magnitude of the estimated e ect. Publication bias exerts the strongest upward e ect, along with the use of parental education and home resources as measures of SES and combined measures of SES. Conversely, variables such as the number of citations, publication status, science test type, and the use of advanced methods exhibit a negative e ect. Keywords Socieconomic status, Meta-analysis, Social class, Academic achievement Title How Does Peer Socioeconomic Status A ect Academic Achievement? A Meta-Analysis
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Discrimination of Ukrainian Citizens in the Czech Labor Market: A Field Experiment
Pasichnyk, Viktorija ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Kantová, Klára (referee)
This thesis examines the extent of discrimination of Ukrainian citizens in the Czech labor market by analyzing the results of a correspondence experiment that involves sending pre-designed resumes of fictitious applicants to job offers posted online. Each job offer was randomly assigned a Czech or Ukrainian resume, and the responses from recruiters were collected. The interview callback rates were subsequently analyzed, indicating that Czech applicants have by 72.7 % higher callback rate than Ukrainian applicants. Results also show a decrease in the callback rate of Ukrainians over time. This leads to the conclusion that discriminatory practices against Ukrainian citizens exist in the Czech labor market.
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The Effect of Cultural and Natural Heritage on Tourism Attractiveness in Slovakia
Kling, Alexander ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Kantová, Klára (referee)
The Effect of Cultural and Natural Heritage on Tourism Attractiveness in Slovakia Abstract This thesis questions a traditional understanding of cultural and natural heritage as two of the main determinants of tourism attractiveness. The motivation to write it was that in Slovakia, there are multiple locations with plentiful natural and cultural monuments, but since some of them are popu- lar tourist destinations, the others are relatively unknown from the tourism perspective. Based on the review of the existing academic literature, the au- thor understands the concept of attractiveness as a phenomenon composed of the attributes of a certain attraction or location and tourists' perception of the destinations. Therefore, the models connect both aspects of the tourism system - supply and demand for tourism. The dependent variable repre- senting demand is the number of visitors in accommodation establishments per district in 2018 or this value per capita. The main independent vari- ables are the number of national cultural monuments and national natural monuments and reserves, the variables typical for a tourism product. De- spite the estimates of their effects seem to be clearly positive and significant, especially for nature, before including additional explanatory variables and their logarithmic...
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How Parental Involvement Affects Education Outcomes of Their Children
Kantová, Klára ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
Spending time together is more than important for family's well-being, espe- cially in the fast pace of modern days. This Master's thesis presents a research of the relationship between parental involvement in children's lives and their educational outcome. Additionally, it explores the impact of limit breaking by youths on their educational attainment. The educational outcome is repre- sented by a binary variable denoting whether the respondent completed high school or not. The results mostly meet our expectations. The hypotheses of the positive effect on child's educational outcome with higher parental involvement and negative effect with presence of limit breaking are supported by the re- sults. What is surprising are the signs of the results from the regressions using the limit setting variables. The results suggest that the expected probability of completing high school decreases with higher parental limit setting. To es- timate causal treatment effects, we used a subclassification on the propensity score and a simple logistic regression. JEL Classification I21, J12, J13 Keywords education, children, family, parental involve- ment Title How Parental Involvement Affects Education Outcomes of Their Children
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Ex-prisoners and the Labour Market in the Czech Republic
Kantová, Klára ; Špolcová, Dominika (advisor) ; Mysíková, Martina (referee)
Unemployment rate is a key macroeconomic indicator of a state's prosperity. This study aims to investigate the effect of ex-prisoners on unemployment rate at times of low rate of unemployment. The subjects of interest are those released from prison upon serving their sentence and their integration into the labour market. Currently, formerly incarcerated individuals are often socially rejected and discriminated by the public, which usually results in their return to prison. Thus, as a means to prevent recidivism, it is important to reintegrate them back into the society. In this vein, this study also examines the effect of unemployment rates and ex-prisoners on the recidivism rate in the Czech Republic in 1992 to 2018. For the 2014 to 2018 period, it further investigates this effect (i.e. of unemployment rates and ex-prisoners on recidivism rates) by month across 13 regions (there is no prison in the Zlín region). It uses the data provided by the Prison Services Yearbooks, as well as data from the Czech Statistical Office and the Integrated Portal of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs for information specifically regarding the main macroeconomic indicators of the Czech Republic. The results of the various models run indicate no significant effect of released prisoners on unemployment rate....
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