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Nutritive factors in etiopatogenesis of metabolic syndrom.
Hadrbolcová, Lenka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
1 Souhrn Atereskleróza vzniká na základě různých faktorů, které lze rozdělit na ovlivnitelené a neovlivnitelné. Rozvoj aterosklerózy podporuje stárnutí. U mužů a u žen je to jiné období života. Rozdily mezi pohlavími jsou dány hlavně přítomností hormonální odlišností obou pohlaví. Jistou roli hraje také dědičnost. Neodmyslitelnou součásti prevence aterosklerózy je "správný" životní styl a stravovací návyky. Silným aterogennim faktorem je LDL cholesterol. U rizikových pacientů je vhodné sledovat jeho hladinu v pravidelných intervalech. Hraniční hodnota mezi normální a zvýšenou hladinou celkového cholesterolu je 0,02 g/l. Hladina LDL by se měla pohybovat u dospělého člověka v rozmezí 0.013g/l-0,0159g/l. Hladina HDL by měla být o 0,0035 g/l vyšši než hladina HDL. Vyšší hodnota krevniho tlaku než je 140/90 mmHg výrazně zatěžuje srdce a poškozuje endotel cévy. Velmi silným aterogenním faktorem je kouření cigaret. Cigaretový kouř působí na rozvoj aterosklerózy hned několika mechanismy současně. Nejvýznamnějším je zvýšení oxidačního stresu a k následné oxidativní modifikaci LDL cholesterolu. V důsledku zvýšené hladiny fibrinogenu se zhoršuje reologie krve. Ve velmi krátké době poškozuje cévy také trvale vysoká hladina krevních cukrů, která je příznakem nekompenzovaného diabetu. V dnešní době výrazně zvyšuje riziko...
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Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Malinová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Malinová Supervisor of Diploma thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in 2004 according to the WHO Global Burden of Disease Project and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the lung function impairment, there are often described changes in body composition in COPD patients e.g. the skeletal muscle protein loss. The main aim of the study was determining the body composition by DEXA in patients diagnosed with COPD and comparing them with physiological values or studies dealing with this issue. On each patient was performed one examination, patients were coming after twelve-hour fasting. Average age was 66 ± 8 years. The amount of fat-free mass was not reduced. There was not therefore a loss of muscle tissue due to COPD. When evaluating total fat, we find that men have more fat than normal levels. This is also indicated by BMI that has been in the majority in the range of overweight and obesity. We did not confirm the link between COPD...
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Association of phase angle with parameters of energy metabolism in patients with COPD
Kovářová, Lenka ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Lenka Kovářová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Association of phase angle with parameters of energy metabolism in patients with COPD Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, energy metabolism, indirect calorimetry, phase angle Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious inflammatory disorder with constantly rising global prevalence. In addition to the characteristic irritation of respiratory tract with a progressive decline in pulmonary function, it is associated with significant systemic effects that contribute to the severity of the health condition. Moreover, metabolic changes related to ongoing systemic inflammation including increased respiratory demands, inappropriate nutritional supplementation and pharmacotherapy are observed in patients with COPD. In this work we focused on finding the association between phase angle (PA), the cell mass predictor obtained with bioelectrical impedance analysis and parameters of energy metabolism determined by indirect calorimetry. In total, 50 patients with a stable COPD were analysed, who were further divided by gender and measured PA with a limit value of 5. In group with PA < 5, we...
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Evaluation of anthropometric parameters in lactation.
Čadilová, Lucie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
The aim of this work was to find out how is the bodily structure of mothers changed after childbirth, what these antropometrical changes depend on and what they are determined by. The basic points of the work are the following: description of antropometrical changes depending on time after childbirth, looking for particular parametres correlations and their descriptions. We have found out that the difference of the weight after childbirth and the weight before gravidity is statistically important (ANOVA, p < 0,0001). Women who took part of the project reached the weight they had before gravidity (the average weight before gravidity was 61,52 ± 1,519 kg and 9 months after childbirth 61,71 ± 1,867 kg). . Although figures of BMI after childbirth go down lineary, the result is not significant. Thickness of skin folds reached maximum values in the third month after childbirth and since that time we have noted lineary values decline. The biggest values differences and simultaneously the biggest and statistically significant decline (ANOVA, p = 0,0019) have been noted by the skin fold in the middle of a thigh where the biggest part of nonsweat fat was placed. The fat mobilized after childbirth. From the 6th month after childbirth the fat from the area below a bladebone may mobilize. We have noted a...
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The Composition of Breast Milk and Basal Metabolic Rate in Lactating Women
Krupková, Lucie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Lucie Krupková Consultant: PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: The composition of breast milk and basal metabolic rate in lactating women. Breast milk is the ideal first food for infants for the first six months of their life. Healthy growth and development of infants depend on the quality and the quantity of human milk. Lactation, particularly milk composition, may be influenced by various factors such as maternal body composition, maternal energy balance, physiological events in the mother, genetic factors, parity, duration of pregnancy, stage of lactation, then for example socioeconomic status, maternal diet and individual needs of breast-fed infants. In our study, we examined mothers' anthropometric parameters, anthropometric parameters of breast-fed infants, mothers' indirect calorimetry and the composition of breast milk in four different periods postpartum. The aim of our study was to determine the interactions between the various components of breast milk and other measured parameters. In our study, we found that the weight gain in breast-fed infants, the fat mass gain (in g) and the fat free mass gain were significant (ANOVA, P < 0,0001). The 24-hour...
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Rating supplements and dispensing of food supplements / / in pregnant women in selected pharmacies in 2006 and 2007
Nerudová, Klára ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
The selective abstrakt: Rigorous work The classification supplementary and dispensation of feed supplement for gravid women from selected pharmacy in the years 2006 and 2007 treat of suitability for supplementary usage during gravidity. In this work I also evaluate individual supplement`s for gravidity period that are used in the years 2006 and 2007 in the Czech market. Result of my rigorous work is recommendation for give priority to healthy and mixed fare during gravidity before vitamin supplement. This kind of recommendation is valid just for normal physiological conditions for all kinds of vitamins and minerals except of folic acid that they shoud be used before planned pregnacy. The products Centrum materna, Calibrum mami or Calibrum babyplan I can recommend each time if they have incomplete nutritive-supply.
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Oxidative stress biomarkers of the erythrocyte in the newborn - a follow-up study
Zubatá, Karolína ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University University of Porto Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Biological Sciences Student: Karolína Zubatá Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Consultants: Susana Rocha, Ph.D., prof. Alice Santos-Silva, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Oxidative stress biomarkers of the erythrocyte in the newborn - a follow-up study Increased levels of oxidative stress (OS) have been described in healthy, full-term newborns as a consequence of the drastic changes introduced by birth and by the exposure to extrauterine environment. Our intention was to examine the OS levels in red blood cells (RBCs) of neonates and to further understand the changes that the newborn organism undergoes with its newly- acquired autonomy as this knowledge is limited and there are no reference values. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from a small population of newborns (n = 8) and several hematological and biochemistry parameters were evaluated. Our experimental data consist of OS biomarkers measurements performed in different fractions of blood (RBC membrane, total RBCs and plasma): membrane bound hemoglobin (MBH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), quantification of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities,...
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Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease II
Krčmářová, Veronika ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical sciences Student: Veronika Krčmářová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease II The aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional substrate utilization among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and control group. Previous studies have confirmed increased values of REE in COPD patients. On the basis of the increase of this parameter there was a loss of lean and muscle mass. The utilization of nutritional substrates in patients with COPD is not yet known. Our study by a total of 20 patients includes 11 patients with COPD, and 9 from the control group . The age of patients ranged from 55 to 71 years. Each patient was examined once. We determined the value of REE by indirect calorimetry and utilization of nutritional substrates. According to our results, there was an increase in REE in 82 % of patients with COPD, while only 33 % of patients from the control group was hypermetabolic. Comparing the results of REE between groups we observed REE increase by about 20 % in patients with COPD compared with the control...
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