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Economic sanctions as a tool of US foreign policy toward Cuba in the 1960s
Kleiberová, Kamila ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Pondělíček, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on how economic sanctions work and also on their effectivness in a field of internation relations. The first part of the thesis shows an issue which makes the sanctions inefficient. The issue is a third party meaning that the third party can economically help to the sanctioned country. The theory is demonstrated on a case study of Cuban embargo imposed by the United States after 1959. The third party was the former USSR who helped Cuba from their economical problems so Cuba did not have to surrender to American conditions.
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The United States and Iran - The Iranian Nuclear Agreement
Rauvolf, Josef ; Zukerstein, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis "The US and Iran - The Iranian nuclear agreement" examines the history and circumstances under which the Iranian nuclear deal (JCPOAR) was created and puts its influence into the broader context of the geopolitical security environment of the Middle East. The bachelor thesis analyzes the main fields of American and Iranian interest in the region, with an emphasis on the situation in postwar Iraq and the temporary conditions under which these interests developed. Their end goal concluded that conflict was not the preferable option for both actors, focusing on the importance of preconditions, namely sanctions and Iranian internal dynamics of accepting the diplomatic means in dealing with the Iranian nuclear issue. It tackles the Iranian network of influence in the region and observes wishes and strategies of American President Barack Obama towards regional stability and the Iranian nuclear agreement. The thesis, in a broader sense, describes also the problem of nuclear nonproliferation and international multilateral diplomacy, contributing to a better understanding of the realities of the Middle East, its geopolitics, and the role of Iran and the US from 2003 until present day.
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American influence on the emergence, development, and democratization of marginal groups of Japanese society after 1945
Feldová, Erika ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Sýkora, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the influenced of the American occupation on the cultures of defeat which developed in the early years of post-war Japan. It analyzes the worldof Pan-pan prostitutes, black market and obscure kasutori subculture and it is searching for connection between them, the Americans and the democratization of the country. Within the Pan-pan culture it observes the relationship between the American GI and Japanese Pan-pan and how this relationship shaped the post-war Americanization of Japan. The next chapter focuses on the American products on the black market and how these products influenced Japanese society. The last chapter introduces the kasutori culture with all of its quasi-philosophical nature and describes its relationship with American occupation and its censorship.
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Cooperation on Climate Change as a Pillar of the Relationship Between the United States and China
Jandus, Lukáš ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
Cooperation on climate change in the second term of president Obama showed to have potential for improvement of the relationship between the United States and China. This paper analyses how the climate change cooperation developed and concludes that under right circumstances it has positive influence on the bilateral relationship. In order to make the improvement more lasting, the climate change cooperation should take into account national security considerations, specifically the parties should collaborate and jointly exercise on humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations.
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FONOPs - Freedom of Navigation Operations in the South China Sea as a tool of the US in maintaining freedom of navigation
Vojtuš, Michal ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyses the American policy of sustaining freedom of navigation on the seas through its Freedom of Navigation Program (FON Program). It analyses Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPs) as a means of maintain the current system of the law of the sea as put forth by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. (UNCLOS) The thesis deals with law of the sea history, it also describes and analyses the Convention itself. Another topic discussed is the unique position of United States as a power guaranteeing the current regime of the seas, while staying out of the provision of UNCLOS. The thesis analyses the American debate about joining the Convention and analyses the consequences of American absence as a party to the treaty. The FON Program and FONOPs in the South China Sea are thoroughly analysed by the thesis. The South China Sea is a troubled region suffering from excessive maritime claims of local states. These claims are closely connected to the militarization of the region. The People's Republic of China is an important force as a rising power striving for the position of a regional hegemon. The thesis describes, how FONOPs are conducted and it observes, how they are received by the target states. The thesis is set in the South China Sea region between October 2015 and May...
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Democracy assistance policies of the US and the EU: different approaches and their causes
Hornát, Jan ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; van Hüllen, Vera (referee) ; Fawn, Rick (referee)
The United States of America and the institutions of the European Union are the most prominent democracy assistance donors in third countries. Over the last two decades, they have spent tens of billions of dollars to support the formation and consolidation of democratic regimes around the world. In this sense, the US and the EU have seemingly shared interests - i.e. seeking to build democratic institutions in target countries so that these become part of the community of democracies and contribute to the stability of the world's economic and political system. However, if we look at the approaches and strategies used by the US and the EU to support democracy, we find that they are often quite different and, in some respects, clashing. Why are the approaches of both actors different if they strive to reach the same goal? Or - upon closer examination - are their goals indeed somewhat different? The key problem is that democracy as such is a contested concept, so it is necessary to ask the question: if we are promoting democracy, what kind of democracy do we mean? If we finance the development of one or the other institution, what model of democratic establishment will be created? The thesis takes a constructivist view of this issue and demonstrates how the different democratic identities of the two...
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Framing Climate Policies: Discourse Analysis of Carbon Pricing Debates in Canada and Australia
Davidová, Kateřina ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (referee)
Framing Climate Policies: Discourse Analysis of Carbon Pricing Debates in Canada and Australia Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the discourses of Stephen Harper and Tony Abbot during federal election campaigns where climate policies played an unusually important role (2008 in Canada and 2013 in Australia). The study builds on a hypothesis, that according to the post-materialist theory and the Environmental Kuznets Curve, such economically advanced, democratic countries as Canada and Australia should be at the vanguard of climate action. However, in reality they are some of the worst performers when it comes to tackling carbon emissions. Both Harper and Abbott publicly promised to put in serious efforts to tackle climate change. However, when the question of setting a national price on carbon came up for discussion during the above-mentioned election campaigns, they both not only opposed it, but even tried to discredit it by framing the whole debate in overwhelmingly negative terms. In order to uncover what kind of frames and other discursive strategies the two politicians used to shape the debate, critical discourse analysis was applied to their public statements on the policy of carbon tax. Results of this analysis show that they used all of the frames that are typically associated...
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Cambodia after 1979 and the application of the Reagan Doctrine
Haniková, Zuzana ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the developments in Cambodia after 1979 and the Reagan Doctrine which was applied to Cambodia in the 1980s. The Vietnamese invasion ended the cruel government of the Khmer Rouge and also effected the development of the country for more than a decade. Cambodia became an ally of the Soviet Union and the expansionism of the Soviets was unacceptable for the United States. According to the Reagan Doctrine, US decided to support anticommunist movements in third world countries. The thesis analyzes the American support to the anticommunist groups in Cambodia and searches for the reasons of American decisions to support these groups and Washington's impact on the peace treaty and the withdrawal of Vietnamese forces. Based on the analysis of American policy, international negotiations and internal development in Cambodia, the thesis concludes that the main reason for US involvement was the fear of the spread of Soviet influence around the world, but the role of the US was limited and passive. It was caused by almost no interest in the issue of Cambodia and the American society also had a painful experience with the war in Vietnam. There were also reports that the international aid and assistance was used by the Khmer Rouge. The US became more active when new president came to office....
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The Role of the US in NATO: How Did It Change after 9/11 under Bush Administration
Štverková, Iva ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to examine president Bush's policy after 9/11 and its implications for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The shock of 9/11 attacks resulted in "war mentality" manifesting itself in the pressure of the public and media for swift radical actions. This resulted in ad hoc decisions taken without proper analyses and consideration of consequences. After 9/11, Bush Administration used black-and-white rhetoric and simplified the war on terror into war between good and evil. The U.S. under Bush did not consider international institutions to play significant role in international politics and preferred bilateral cooperation. By omitting the Alliance, Washing, however, undermined NATO. Europe was sympathetic to the U.S. and proclaimed its support for Washington since day one but European NATO members and the U.S. had different threat perception regarding Iraq, and could not agree on a common solution. The actions taken by Americans in Afghanistan and Iraq and the reluctance of European allies in supporting the U.S. war against terrorism resulted in escalation of relations in the Alliance. As the U.S. headed toward engagement in two conflicts, it increasingly appreciated the value of NATO. On the other hand, Europe never forgot that the United States is its main ally. Most...
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Re-established partnership: Analysis of the American-Philippine security cooperation during Bush and Obama administrations
Kryl, Šimon ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes the security cooperation between the United States and the Philippine Republic during the period between 2001 and 2016 during which the security cooperation went through major changes. The U.S.-Philippine alliance became one of the cornerstones for the stabilization of the turbulent region of Southeast Asia. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the areas of mutual cooperation, what are the arguments for the improvement of the partnership and what role was played by the People's Republic China in forming this relationship. The first chapter is explaining the historical context of the cooperation which is necessary to deepen the understanding of the topic. The second part analyses the security threats which influenced the building of the security cooperation between Washington and Manila. The third chapter focuses on the evolution of the U.S.-Philippine security relations during George W. Bush's administration. Bush's declaration of War on terror had a significant impact on improvement of the U.S.-Philippine security relations. The last chapter analyzes president Obama's Pivot to Asia and examines how Chinese military activities are reflected in Washington's relations with Manila. The thesis concludes that both Bush and Obama administrations could be credited for...
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