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Vietnamese Retail as Part of the Non-metropolitan Area in Czechia
Horáček, Jiří ; Čermák, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Freidingerová, Tereza (referee)
Vietnamese food stores are located all over the Czechia and are often the only option for food purchases in non-metropolitan areas. This dissertation is focused on the study of Vietnamese retail in the context of the problems of serviceability of small towns and rural settlements in the Czechia. One of the main goals of this dissertation is to verify whether Vietnamese businesses are one of the ways to save the ever-falling rural service functions. Considering that the issue of rural service provision is an extensive topic, the work only yields partial results that will need to be verified in further studies. The introductory sections analyze the processes of Vietnamese migration into our country and subsequently characterize the development of retail. The next part focuses on the operation of Vietnamese retail where structured interviews conducted within the research serve as a main source of information. The quantitative part of the research focuses on the issue of the distribution of shops, and, in the empirical part, using questionnaire the functioning of the Zásmuky retail trade with a focus on Vietnamese food stores is assessed. The analysis shows that Vietnamese food stores are one of the solutions to maintaining business in rural communities. Due to the efficiency of their operation, which...
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Neurosonological markers of cognitive decline progression in patients with dementia
Soukupová Urbanová, Barbora ; Hort, Jakub (advisor) ; Školoudík, David (referee) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee)
Alzheimer's disease represents an important socio-economic problem worldwide. Its complex and not entirely clear pathophysiological mechanisms are subject of intensive research with the aim to identify the affected individuals very soon in the disease process and to find efficacious prevention or treatment. According to recent knowledge, a multifactorial microangiopathy plays a role in the disease development. Probably both traditional vascular risk factors as well as mechanisms linked to neurodegeneration with amyloid accumulation are the factors involved. This work presents a summary of up to date knowledge about Alzheimer's disease vascular risk factors, signs of vascular impairment on brain imaging and possible interactions of vascular and neurodegenerative pathophysiological pathways. It focuses on the neurosonological signs of brain vascular impairment and presents own outcomes in this research area. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal design, the study demonstrates functional impairment of brain microcirculation in patients with various cerebrovascular burdens and various degrees of cognitive decline and it identifies the most appropriate neurosonological parameter in the prediction of cognitive decline progression. On the same study sample it explores the association of other vascular...
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Phosphene induction and motor cortex excitability : neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation
Čiháčková, Kateřina ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor)
The topic of his thesis quality of life of patients with hepatitis C , I opted for very interesting perspective on quality of life as such, its evaluation methods , not only in relation to medicine , but also in relation to other social sciences. To estimate the quality of life of patients afflicted with Hepatitis C , I decided , therefore , that the hepatitis C virus is spread across world and affects approximately 180 million people. It is the most common form causes chronic hepatitis presenting with modest and non-specific symptoms that this virus to make a clinical diagnosis difficult. Infection can take decades without the patient realizing her presence. Another aggravating factor is protracted antiviral therapy, which exposes the patient to potential side effects. In addition , 50% of the total effectiveness of the treatment is still under expectations. All of these factors lead me therefore to think how this course disease and its treatment can affect or change the quality of life of affected
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Solution of integral equations for separable interactions
Hvizdoš, Dávid ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolorenč, Přemysl (referee)
Title: Solution of integral equations for separable interactions Author: Dávid Hvizdoš Department: Institute of Theoretical Physics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Horáček, DrSc., Institute of Theoretical Physics Abstract: This work deals with the most fundamental types of integral equations (Fredholm and Volterra). Their occurrence in quantum mechanics is illustrated and the process that leads to the so-called regular and Jost solution is presented. Further their solutions in the case of separable interactions are studied. Analytical solutions on model separable potentials are sought. Analytical extensions of these solutions to the complex energy plane are provided and the properties of these functions are examined. The method of analytical continuation in the coupling constant based on the extension of the coupling constant as a function of is introduced. For some examples of separable potentials the Taylor expansion of the function and from it the inverse series √ are calculated. These series are then used to determine the resonance parameters of the potential and the accuracy of these calculations is discussed. Key words: integral equations, scattering theory, resonances, separable potential
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Study of functional and pharmacological properties of NMDA receptors
Hubálková, Pavla ; Vyklický, Ladislav (advisor) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee) ; Novotný, Jiří (referee)
Pavla Hubalkova Doctoral study program: Neuroscience, 2021 Doctoral thesis: Study of functional and pharmacological properties of NMDA receptors ABSTRACT N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors crucial for synaptic transmission and learning and memory processes. After activation and opening of the ion channel, they are permeable to calcium ions (Ca2+ ) that mediate further signaling. Hypo- or hyperfunction of NMDA receptors leads to the development of severe neurological and psychiatric diseases. NMDA receptors are modulated by many endogenous and exogenous substances. These include neurosteroids - steroids synthesised de novo in the central nervous system and their synthetic analogues, which, depending on their structure, can have positive or negative modulatory effects. Using electrophysiological and molecular-biological techniques, we have clarified the molecular mechanism of increased sensitivity of NMDA receptors to inhibitory neurosteroids following a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The increase in neurosteroid inhibitory activity at NMDA receptors is related to Ca2+ -induced depalmitoylation of three cysteines (C849, C854, C871) in the intracellular part of the GluN2B subunit. This simultaneously leads to a change in the receptor's...
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The therapeutic benefit of the repetetive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the specific symptoms of schizophrenia
Novák, Tomáš ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymazal, Josef (referee) ; Rektorová, Irena (referee)
The therapeutic benefit of the repetetive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the specific symptoms of schizophrenia Tomas NOVAK Prague Psychiatric Center Summary Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the modern non-invasive method based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The TMS is widely used in research, diagnostics and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous studies imply that repetetive TMS (rTMS) might be useful also in the treatment of some specific symptoms of schizophrenia. The thesis consists of three studies focused on the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of rTMS on specific symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly on negative symptoms and auditory hallucinations. Study 1. The double-blind sham-controlled study of high-frequency rTMS (20Hz) for negative symptoms in schizophrenia The high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) over the prefrontal cortex is a promising method for the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Using double-blind, sham- controlled, parallel design, we evaluated the effect of HF-rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Sixteen schizophrenia patients with predominantly negative symptoms on stable antipsychotic medication were treated with 20Hz...
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The therapeutical effect of rTMS on symptomatology in schizophrenia
Baláková, Lucie ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Anders, Martin (referee)
The RTMS is a new noninvasive method has the potential to both therapeutic and experimental level. The research presented in this work was dedicated to the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in psychiatry. We focused also on a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action using methods of functional imaging methods and sensing electrical activity of the brain. The experimental part of the research include the testing of cognitive function and their potential effects by stimulating the cerebral cortex district, which is regarded as the seat of that particular modality. We discuss neurobiological factors that may explain the ineffectiveness of therapy and other options are designed to test the use of rTMS in this indication. This is the Reversible stimulation (right) or bilateral stimulation, rTMS targeting the coil at the bottom of the parietal cortex, extending the total period of stimulation and the use of individual navigation based on EEG or functional imaging.
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Neuronavigation of RMTS based on brain functional imaging in clinical aplication in auditory hallucinations
Klírová, Monika ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Papežová, Hana (referee) ; Rektorová, Irena (referee)
NEURONAVIGATION OF rTMS BASED ON BRAIN FUNCTIONAL IMAGING IN CLINICAL APPLICATION IN AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS Monika Klírová Summary Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) represents a noninvasive method used in diagnostics of neurological disorders and physiological research of sensoric, motor and cognitive function and intracortical relations. This method has found its leading position also in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. TMS is based on the administration of short pulses of a strong magnetic field, which induces secondary electric currents in a limited volume of cerebral cortex. Therapeutic modification utilizes a repetitive TMS (rTMS) in which the magnetic coil generate a series of pulses of different frequencies. Low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) of the left temporo-parietal cortex (LTPC) has been proposed as a useful therapeutic method for auditory hallucinations (AHs). Majority of rTMS studies use "standard" coil positioning, which is often not fully corresponding to cortical area(s) of maximal functional changes. Stereotactic neuronavigation enables the magnetic coil to be targeted according to the individual parameters obtained from neuroimaging. Individualized rTMS neuronavigated according to positron emission tomography (18 FDG PET) allows us to focus the coil explicitly on a given...
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