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Characterization of protein structures using chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry.
Kukačka, Zdeněk ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Rozbeský, Daniel (referee) ; Hernychová, Lenka (referee)
Some proteins require presence of their specific ligand, cofactor or prosthetic group for their activity. Binding of this specific molecule can cause conformational changes which permit to perform their function. In some occasions the identification of conformational changes could be really challenging task. In this thesis we describe the novel approach for monitoring structural changes in proteins using chemical cross-linking and high resolution mass spectrometry and its application on model calmodulin system. It is demonstrated that analysis using isotope-labelled cross-linking agents enabled us to get insight into the structural rearrangement caused by presence or absence of the protein ligand. However, it is shown that the method has potential drawback due to limited enzymatic proteolysis. The novel approach that also makes it possible to quantify the changes in protein structure was used together with other methods for characterization of the neutral trehalase Nth1 in complex with Bmh1 protein (yeast isoform of protein 14-3-3). The results revealed that Bmh1 induce structural rearrangement of Nth1 molecule with changes within the EF- hand like motif which is essential for the activation process.
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Proteome analysis of anti-cancer drug effects and characterisation of drug resistance
Hrabáková, Rita ; Kovářová, Hana (advisor) ; Hernychová, Lenka (referee) ; Šulc, Miroslav (referee)
Despite significant progress in the development of anti-cancer drugs, there is still a need for novel therapeutic strategies that would improve the outcome of cancer patients. Using proteomic technologies and cell lines with different phenotype of p53 tumour suppressor, we monitored cancer cell response to anti-cancer treatment with focus on the development of drug resistance. The different levels of metabolic proteins were identified in our study which may help to explain different anti-cancer activity of drugs with only a subtle difference in structure. More importantly, proteins associated with the development of drug resistance were identified and such expression changes have become a focus of interest. Our findings demonstrate a higher protein level of serine hydroxymethyltransferase, serpin B5 and calretinin in cancer cells resistant to Aurora kinase inhibitors. Such proteins promote the tumour growth with no apparent impact of p53 phenotype whilst voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 contributes to the development of resistance only in cells with functional p53 which is accompanied by the decreased level of elongation factor 2. On the other hand, cancer cells with loss of p53 appear to amplify alternative mechanisms such as protection against oxidative stress. The results...
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Use of proteomic analysis to identify potential biomarkers for cardiovascular disease
Fučíková, Alena ; Lenčo, Juraj (advisor) ; Hernychová, Lenka (referee) ; Pudil, Radek (referee)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the most common inherited diseases of the cardiovascular system. Although this disease is known for a long time, a suitable diagnostic procedure uncovering its early stages in patients with negative or unknown family history is still lacking. A development of the method for targeted proteomic analysis in combination with subsequent quantification of chosen hypothetical markers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was the main aim of this thesis. This method is able to detect very small amounts of chosen markers in the minimum amount of complex biological material. Moreover, in combination with properly used standards, targeted proteomic analysis enables quite precise quantification of many analytes in a relatively short time. Several previously described protein markers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were assayed and quantified using unique proteomic technique. Concurrently, a new potential protein marker - soluble fibronectin - was described. Protein concentrations were validated using enzymoimmunoanalytical method and obtained results were compared with targeted proteomic analysis findings. In the presented thesis, a new short method was developed for detection and quantification of potential markers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The main objectives of this...
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Mass spectrometry in proteomics: structural biology and clinical applications
Pavlásková, Kateřina ; Šulc, Miroslav (advisor) ; Obšilová, Veronika (referee) ; Hernychová, Lenka (referee)
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a rapid, specific and very sensitive analytical method with a broad spectrum of proteomic applications such as protein identification and sequencing, 3D protein structure characterization or study of protein-protein interaction. The introduction of two ionization techniques in late 1980's that are able to ionize the large biomolecules such as proteins, oligosaccharides or nucleic acids with no or low fragmentation has started the rapidly expanding field of MS-based proteomics. The presented thesis was aimed at the application of mass spectrometric approaches to answer several proteomic questions. Firstly we have employed the chemical cross-linking in combination with MS analysis to solve the 3D structure and protein-protein interactions of three model systems: (1) homodimeric human regulatory protein 14-3-3, (2) model of 14-3-3 and regulatory domain of tyrosine hydroxylase, and (3) system of two membrane proteins, cytochrome P450 2B4 and cytochrome b5, involved in xenobiotics biotransformation. This approach works in aqueous solutions under physiological conditions and thus preserves native structure of the investigated proteins. The second part of the thesis was focused on MS identification of proteins/peptides in fungal spores of Aspergillus and Pseudallescheria...
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The effect of Goeckerman therapy on selected markers of angiogenesis and inflammation in psoriasis patients
Pohl, David ; Andrýs, Ctirad (advisor) ; Hernychová, Lenka (referee) ; Petrisková, Jela (referee)
Psoriasis is one of the most common skin diseases affecting about 2-3% of the caucasian population. Its clinical presentation is the formation of red scaled plaques on the skin. The main pathological features of psoriatic plaque comprise of skin inflammation, disturbances of keratinocyte proliferation and maturation and angiogenesis. Although the precise precipitating mechanism of psoriasis has not been discovered yet, the key element in psoriasis initiation is T- lymphocyte population. Nevertheless, other inflammatory cells (e.g. neutrophils, macrophages) as well as activated endothelium play a role in its pathogenesis. Indeed, one of the first histological changes in the affected skin is leukocyte infiltration. The so called trafficking of inflammatory cells to the skin is tightly regulated process guided by cytokines especially chemokines. Angiogenesis is a process of new blood vessel growth from preexisted vessel bed. Vessels in the most of the tissues of adult individual remain in a state of quiescence. The rate of endothelial cell turnover is relatively slow (1-2 years). However in cases of physiological or pathological requirements, a new vessel formation can be initiated by the mechanism called angiogenic switch. One of the pathological conditions associated with angiogenesis is formation of...
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