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Czech Retroactive Infinitives
Genserová, Barbora ; Šimík, Radek (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
(in English): The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive description of the Czech construction with retroactive infinitives, such as Ta skříň potřebuje opravit ('That cupboard needs fixing') and Nepotřebuju od tebe pomoct ('I don't need help from you'), which express a passive meaning through an active form of the verb. These constructions are therefore considered hidden passives. The theoretical part describes the general possibilities of using infinitives and infinitive constructions, with an emphasis on constructions with semi-lexical matrix verbs. It also focuses on the possibility of expressing passive perspective through canonical passive and other secondary diatheses, particularly the agent-patient and agent-addressee/recipient diatheses, as the relationships between these actants are also central to retroactive infinitives. Additionally, it summarizes the current state of research on retroactive infinitives and their theoretical description. The subsequent empirical part presents an analysis of sentences with retroactive infinitives based on the material from the Czech National Corpus, analysing their properties in comparison to active and canonically passive constructions. In some characteristics, retroactive infinitives resemble passives, particularly in reflexivity, subject...
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Eenvoudige taal. Principles of plain language in Dutch compared with German and Czech.
Genserová, Barbora ; Vokáčová, Martina (advisor) ; Rezková, Iva (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the intra-textual properties of simplified texts in Dutch (eenvoudige taal) and to compare them with simplified texts in both German (Leichte Sprache) and Czech (jednoduchá čeština). The theoretical part focuses on language policy, the history, principles, and legislative anchoring of simple language in the different language areas, and on research possibilities in the field of text readability. The empirical part analyses texts issued by the Dutch and German state administrations as part of official COVID-19 pandemic communications made to their respective citizenries, their translation into simplified form, as well as texts on the same topic available in jednoduchá čeština. The research results indicate that the communication of the Dutch administration is comprehensible in both standard and simplified form; therefore, eenvoudige taal follows the principles of simple language. Texts in Leichte Sprache, on the other hand, are overly complex even though it is a simplified form. Texts in jednoduchá čeština are the most comprehensible according to the readability tests. Practical findings thus show that in terms of readability, lexical richness, morphological and syntactic structure, simple language communication in the Dutch- and Czech-speaking area...
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Czech Modal Construction "nepotřebuji + infinitive" expressing 'I do not need to ...'
Genserová, Barbora ; Martínek, František (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the Czech construction "nepotřebovat + infinitive" ('not need to / needn't + infinitive'), its use and its relation to the Czech system of modality. One of the questions this thesis will answer is whether the construction contains a new modal verb or a form of an already existing verb potřebovat 'to need'. The theoretical part of the paper focuses on modality, modal verbs in Czech, German and Polish, grammaticalization, language contact and language purism. The researched construction together with the construction "potřebovat + infinitive" is then characterized from all the above-mentioned standpoints. In the practical part, an empirical research based on the data extracted from Czech dictionaries, lexical database of modern Czech and diachronic and synchronic corpora is presented. The results of the research show that in the 19th century, the construction containing nepotřebovat was used more frequently than the one with potřebovat, which indicates an ongoing process of grammaticalization. On the contrary, in the 20th and 21st century, the construction with nepotřebovat is the less frequented one. However, the frequency of both constructions is growing in the synchronic corpora. Both constructions have very similar morphosyntactic properties which...
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