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Harkis - traitors or victims of the Algerian war? Reflection of the auxiliary units in the French army in Algeria after 1962
Ondrová, Sára ; Emler, David (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor's thesis aims to describe the formation and evolution of auxiliary units in the French army, called harkas during the Algerian war. Moreover, it analyses the reflexion of members of the auxiliary units in Algeria after 1962, the year of independence in Algeria, until the present. The first chapter presents the origins of the auxiliary units and their development in the context of the Algerian war. The text underlines motivation of the Algerians for entering into the auxiliary units and practices used by the French army to perceive as many indigenous natives as possible to engage in the army. The chapter also describes the fates of members of auxiliary units at the end of the war and after the ceasefire. In the second part of the paper, the thesis describes the history of independent Algeria with a focus on the connection between the new regime and the army. Additionally, it also incorporates the fusion of the governing elite with the National Liberation Front which endures until present day. This chapter reflecting the development of the newborn Algerian Republic also examines the Algerian conception of history and its impact on image of former members of the auxiliary units in Algerian society. In the context of Algerian history the thesis describes the history of former harkis who...
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"Current" Crisis of Multiculturalism in the Netherlands
Komárek, Martin ; Emler, David (advisor) ; Drulák, Petr (referee)
In Dutch general elections in 2010 scored significant succes populist rightist politician, critic of Islam and primarily muslim immigrants - Geert Wilders and his Party for Freedom (PVV). This affair some way strenghtened concerns about ability of existence of multicultural society. Altough, The Netherlands was considered for a long time as one of the few European states with official frame of society, that was close to ideal multiculturalist type, real picture seems to be somewhat different. This thesis critically deal with several widely experienced and probably mistaken notions about Dutch multiculturalism. First one, in Czech area may be not well-known, is the notion, that Dutch multicultural society is/was extension of pillarised society. With this notion is may be connected the opinion, that immigrants were endowed with maximum of possible space to integrate into Dutch society. In first - theoretical part of my thesis I deal with the institucionalization of Islam in the Dutch society. In a second part I deal with chronological development od muslim immigration itself, which I further divide in four specific periods - phase of neglect, phase of awareness and ethnisation, phase of stigmatisation and exclusion and the last period of the beginning of the new millenium, that is specific with its...
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Emigration of Cultural Elites from Vichy France
Píchová, Marta ; Emler, David (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis analyses the emigration of cultural elites during the Vichy regime in France, hence in the years 1940-1944, and evaluates its success. It explains growing threat of the Nazis to the elites and particularity of the political situation in France that inhibited emigration during World War II. In this regard, the regime accepted measures among those the anti-foreigner measures and the internment of foreigners will be highlighted as the most important. This thesis is based on the list of personalities, compiled by the Emergency Rescue Committee, which thus provides a definition of cultural elite subsequently studied throughout the thesis. The author deals with the situation in the internment camps and explores the possible ways of release. In addition, the author depicts a community of artists and intellectuals in Marseille that was the only port from which it was possible to emigrate. Therefore, the important aim of this thesis is to define three escape routes from France used during the war, no matter whether they were counted as legal or illegal method of emigration.
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French Policy to Institutional Reform of the European Union under President Chirac
Vaidišová, Kateřina ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Emler, David (referee)
The thesis French Policy to Institutional Reform of the European Union under the President Chirac analyses the European policy of France in the period 1995-2005, which means from the beginning of Jacques Chirac's presidency to the rejection of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe by the French in referendum by which the Chirac's European policy in fact ceased to exist. The thesis mainly deals with the approach of France to the reform of institutions of the European Union, particularly with the reform of the European Parliament, European Commission, and Council of the European Union and in case of Treaty of Nice also with the Court of Justice of the European Union. This approach is analysed by the documents from intergovernmental conferences antecedent to the particular treaties regulating the Treaty of Maastricht, which are Treaty of Amsterdam, Treaty of Nice and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. Each of these intergovernmental conferences is examined in terms of the goals and topics introduced, subsequently discussed and really reached by the French politicians during the conference. Also, it is dealt with the topics about which compromises with other countries had to be made and with the requirements that the French managed to implement into the text of the treaty....
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The Main Pillars of Charles de Gaulle's Foreign Policy and Their Contemporary French Reflection
Staňková, Olga ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Emler, David (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to prove or disprove the following hypotheses: firstly, that the Gaullist foreign policy tradition continues to some extent to influence and provide inspiration for the contemporary direction of French foreign policy; and secondly, that it is almost impossible to apply this policy in the post-bipolar world. (I took this to mean the world since the end of the Cold War...) The thesis will analyse the three relationships - with Europe, with the United States and with the Eastern Bloc - which were the main pillars of Charles de Gaulle's foreign policy. The first section of the thesis will focus on the period of de Gaulle's presidency between 1958 and 1969. The second section will use a case study of French policy towards Germany in order to explore the continuity or discontinuity of this policy in the contemporary political scene, with a neo-Gaullist Jacques Chirac taking his lead from Charles de Gaulle. This section will also briefly analyse the approaches of French presidents between the retirement of de Gaulle and the beginning of the Chirac presidency. It then goes on to focus on the presidency of Chirac, which ended in 2007. The main methods of the thesis will be analysis and case study.
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Affaire Oradour sur Glane
Klingorová, Kamila ; Emler, David (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Affair of Oradour-sur-Glane" describes the conflict between two French regions since the process in 1953, in Bordeaux. During the Word War II the village Oradour- sur-Glane in Limousin region was destroyed by the military force SS. In massacre also participated Alsatians soldiers forcibly conscripted to the German army, called "malgré- nous". During the judicial process against the soldiers participating in the massacre of Oradour was started the conflict between Alsace and Limousin, called "Oradour Affair". Alsace took role of the defender of "malgré-nous" against Limousine, which represented the survivors. Each side of the conflict fought for its own justice with manifestations and pressure on political leaders. In each side of the conflict stood one leading associations mobilizating against judicial process (on one side) and against general amnesty (on the other side) given by French government to "malgré-nous". Confrontation of both sides of conflict continued until the year 2004, the time of the 60th anniversary of massacre in Oradour. One of the goals of the jubilee ceremony was reconciliation with the both sides of the conflict, represented by two regions of Alsace and Limousine. In those days both political leaders and journalists speaks mostly about this reconciliation....
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EU and migration crisis in Morocco in 2005/2006
Štěpková, Veronika ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Emler, David (referee)
Bachelor thesis EU and migration crisis in Morocco in 2005/2006 deals with the European migration policy and its efficiency. The EU policy is aimed to reduce number of immigrants to the Schengen Area. However, ineffective political and operational steps resulted in augmented panics among migrants and consequently in a rapid rise of a migration wave at the Canary islands. To a great extent, the European policy contributed to the humanitarian crisis in the northwest of Africa in 2005/2006. During the migration crisis EU used transitional state of Morocco to discontinue migration flows. European responsibility for illegal migration was then deputed from a great part to a buffer state. This kind of cooperation between Morocco and EU significantly contributed to rise of violence on illegal migrants. Involvement of Morocco in the European migration policy has been a long-term issue and has taken various different forms. These forms are more closely described in the following text. First, the bachelor thesis puts European migration policy during the crisis in Morocco in 2005/2006 in a historical framework. Secondly, it explains the progression of the migration crisis in 2005/2006. Followingly, it analyzes European migration policy during the years of 2005/2006. The thesis proceeds with analysis of...
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The wave of nationalization and privatization during the presidency of F. Mitterrand
Eliášová, Katarína ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Emler, David (referee)
The Bachelor thesis "The wave of nationalization and privatization during the presidency of F. Mitterrand" deals with the two mutually-opposing economic programs, nationalization and privatization, that took place in France, almost consecutively, during F. Mitterrand's presidency. The thesis focuses mainly on his first term in office as president during which the two programs, as well as the whole package of complex reforms which accompanied them, were executed. This thesis analyzes and interprets the arguments and reasons behind the concepts of the mentioned political programs against the backdrop of the economic situation of the then France, and against the composition of political parties at the time of Mitterrand's election to the office of president and during his actual presidency. In the analysis, the emphasis is placed both on theoretical and practical (the course of nationalization and privatization processes and their consequences) perspectives. The thesis also attempts to recognize the legitimacy or impropriety of the two programs from both the short- and the long-term perspective. It explains these in detail and discusses their impact on the French society and the public sector. The thesis further points at the importance traditionally attributed to the public property, and it investigates the...
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"The reception of Robert Paxton's book La France de Vichy by French press and French academic community"
Emler, David ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
Ce mémoire de diplome parle de la réception du livre La France de Vichy, 1940- 1944 de l'historien Américain Robert O. Paxton par la presse et la communauté universitaire fran9 aise. La publication de ce livre en janvier 1973 a causé une affaire publique - La France de Vichy a été commenté par presque chaque périodique d'importance. Tout cela malgré le fait que la premiere livre de Paxton Parades and Politics at Vichy: The French Officer Corps Under Marshall Pétain (qui d'ailleurs n'était pas traduit en frangais) a été complětement ignoré par la communauté historienne fran^aise, meme si elle contenait plus d'un grain des theses principales de Paxton. Aux Etats-Unis La France de Vichy a été unanimement salué comme un livre de trés haute qualité, qui remplace les études ultérieures. En France les réactions étaient beaucoup plus mitigées. Dans les colonnes du Monde une polémique a duré plusieurs semaines. Ce débat agité peut etre expliqué ďune part par les theses de Paxton, qui rompaient avec le paradigme de Vichy, instauré par Robert Aron et son L'histoire de Vichy de 1954. Paxton constatait que la collaboration était une proposition frangaise et non une demande allemande, il était critique envers l'opinion publique fran?ais qui était favorable á Pétain děs le début du régime de Vichy, et surtout, il était...
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