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Y-chromosomal polymorphisms in the Czech population with focus on Moravian Valachs: evolutionary anthropology study.
Ehler, Edvard ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Černý, Viktor (referee) ; Brdička, Radim (referee)
1 Abstract Aim: This study presents an evolutionary anthropology approach to the history of Moravian Valachs. The origins of Valach population are approached by evaluating the admixture event that marked the appearance of Moravian Valachs. Methods & data: Focus of my Ph.D. project lies on Y-chromosomal variation, using 12 Y-STR loci haplotype to compute population genetic statistics, to infer Y-chromosomal haplogroup information and to compare Moravian Valachs to other European populations. Admixture analysis was performed. Our data set contains haplotypic information from 44 populations with the total of 4757 individuals. Moravian Valachs are presented by 94 DNA samples. Results: Our data reveal a decreased genetic variability in Moravian Valachs compared to other Central European populations. This feature is most probably caused by isolation of Valach population. Multidimensional scaling and comparison of FST distances shows Valach population as related to populations from Poland, Romania and Macedonia. Shared haplotypes and AMOVA tests place the Valachs to the Central European region. Also admixture analysis, as well as demographic and historical data, stresses the influence of autochthonous population of Moravia in the forming of Moravian Valachs. Conclusion: Moravian Valachs represent a hybrid...
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Forensic Analysis of Biological Traces and its Use in High-school Education
Hrubá, Barbora ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
This master thesis deals with forensic genetics. Primarily is forensic genetics put into the historical context. Then, there is described a biological material and the possibility of detecting biological traces. Further work is focused on the analysis of DNA, while there are elaborated in detail the techniques used as nucleic acid isolation, quantification of DNA, as well as types of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also the thesis deals with methods of obtaining DNA profiles - electrophoresis and sequencing and their variants. Finally, the thesis concern the issues of interpretation of forensic genetic data. Forensic biological exercises for high school students are processed in the didactic part. It has been tested in practice in biological seminars at Jiráskovo gymnázium in Náchod. Key words Forensic genetics, biological traces, didactics of biology
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Selected Bacterial and Viral Infections Transmitted through Sexual Contact
Tesařová, Kateřina ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Selected bacterial and viral infections transmitted through sexual contact The abstract This thesis deals with selected bacterial and viral venereal disease. It is an STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) transmitted mainly through sexual contact. The elaborated retrieval work deals with the occurrence of these selected infections - chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts and cervical cancer. Its task is a summary of the issue of sexually transmitted diseases, a detailed introduction to current information and results of scientific research. The attention is paid to the individual diseases, the general characteristics of viruses or bacteria, symptoms and mode of transmission. Further the study points to ways of diagnosis and treatment, epidemiological incidence of infection. Last but not least the emphasis is on prevention. Keywords: sexually transmitted disease, chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV / AIDS, genital herpes, genital wals, cervical cancer
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Flu viruses
Kaufmanová, Lucie ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
This work deals with influenza viruses and the diseases caused by them. Influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases that annually affects nearly 10% of the world population during a pandemic, even 40 to 50%. Very often there are misconceptions that the flu is any involvement of the upper respiratory tract infections with accompanying fever and cough. The work is divided into two important segments. The first part deals with general characteristics of viruses, their inclusion in the taxonomic units, and building structural composition of viruses, as well as life cycle and the cycle of viruses in nature. The second part of the thesis summarizes existing knowledge regarding influenza; general definition, history, influenza viruses, including important 20th pandemic century, contains the epidemiological characteristics of influenza. It deals with the importance of vaccination, provides information about various types of vaccines. We can find an explanation of terms such as epidemics and pandemics, including the differences between them. Furthermore, in my work there are the most important organization involved in monitoring influenza surveillance concept itself. The work summarizes the main differences between the flu and other respiratory infections. Specifically, it focuses on different...
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Program of Practical Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Lower-secondary School Students
Váňová, Zdenka ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in children and their prevention. It briefly describes the influenced risk factors of these diseases and the prevention of their occurrence. It also focuses on preventive programs of cardiovascular diseases in our country and in the world and describes them in more detail. It also provides an overview of current biology textbooks for the lower-secondary school and their evaluation based on whether and to what extent they deal with the issue of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the thesis is to create a program directed at the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in children at the lower-secondary school, to use it in practice at a selected lower-secondary school and to evaluate its effectiveness in a subsequent questionnaire.
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Growth and Proportional Changes in Chidren at Grammar Schools
Zeťková, Marie ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
This diploma thesis describes an anthropological survey of pupils in the 8th and 9th grades of certain primary schools in the Zlin Region (Czech Republic), pertaining to which the data thus obtained were subsequently processed and evaluated. The aim of the work was to analyse proportional changes and the biological maturity exhibited by the members of the probands through KEI, based on empirical data, in addition to determining the given somatotype according to the method of Heath & Carter (1967). ANTROPO 2000.2 software was utilized for processing the data. The findings of said research are compared with the data reported by the National Anthropological Survey (Czech Republic, 2001).
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Teaching of parasitism in elementary and secondary schools
Čiháková, Kateřina ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Main aim of this master thesis is to map the situation of parasitism teaching in elementary and grammar schools. Thats why it contains analysis of reachable elementary and grammar school textbooks - it informs about various kinds of rating the textbooks, which can help both - current and future teachers of biology - to better know and identify reachable textbooks and choose the right ones for the parasitism teaching. It also contains test results of students parasitism knowledge, which are generally very good. Anyway they should learn much more about parazite's manipulation of their host behavior. Other part of my master thesis shows the results of grammar school teachers-filled questionnaires. All questionnaire results (teachers' and students') show that there can be an improvement in parasitism teaching. In next section you can find the Framework Education Programme analysis, own educational programme draft - workbooks, didactic games and powerpoint presentations. Thanks to the realization of teaching the parazites manipulation of their host behavior I found out that students' interest in the topic is quite big so it would be a shame not to share this newly explored area of parasitism with them. Key words: parasite, host, manipulation hypothesis, questionnaires, parasitism teaching
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Teacher and health relationship between health of preschool teachers and their profession
Marešová, Lucie ; Koťátková, Soňa (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The aim of this Final Thesis is to characterize health in all relevant aspects essential for proper understanding of the relation between the "teacher and health". In the first part the author bring forward theoretical basis concerning the quality of health, subjective perception of health, behavior and health supportive life style, risk prevention in occupational safety and pre-professional preparation of teachers. The second part pursues collected data from 60 pedagogues in the questionnaires. The main intention of the empirical part was to reveal and describe the nature of perception of health in relation to the teacher occupation among preschool teachers; what do teachers assess as positive and negative regarding their health and which health problems are seen as obstruction to proper performance of the teacher occupation.
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HIV and AIDS
Hvězdová, Michaela ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
HIV and AIDS The object and purpose of this work is to map and summary of publicly available information about HIV and AIDS. Larger part of the work is focused on history, which surveys the breathtaking speed of the spread of HIV and AIDS worldwide. Statistics show, that people's awareness about HIV and AIDS is relatively low. Therefore I believe the information collected here will be able to use in the future to deepen students' knowledge in teaching natural history and biology.
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