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Adhesion measurements in vitro
Dvořáková, Petra ; Šnejdrová, Eva (advisor) ; Mužíková, Jitka (referee)
Dvořáková Petra: Adhesion measurements in vitro. Diploma thesis. Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 2008. SUMMARY Introduced diploma work devotes mechanism and theory of bioadhesion, mucoadhesion and factors influencing bioadhesion in the theoretic part. Further it intents on pharmaceutical bioadhesives and introduces basic view usually used testing methods too. Experimental part this work deals with the study of adhesive and reological properties of branched terpolymers of acid D, L - lactic, glycolic and mannitol (dipentaerythritol) in concentration 3%, 5%, 8%. These oligoesters were plastified with ES in concentrations 10 - 50%. For measurement of adhesion was used material testing machine T1-FR050TH.A1K Zwick/Roell and it is at setting these experimental parameters: contact time 60s, contact force 5N and speed of detachment sample from base 300 mm/min. Rate of adhesive properties was maximal strength Fmax (strength needed for detachement sample from base). For adhesion is the most significant factor concentration of plasticizer. Increasing concentration of ES leads to declines, whereas the greatest decline was discover on increasing concentration ES from 20% to 30%. On adhesive strength has also influence molar weight of the porter, when adhesive strength increases with increasing molar weight....
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HPLC Determination of Lutein, Zeaxanthine and Betacarotene in Dietary Products
Dvořáková, Petra ; Šatínský, Dalibor (advisor) ; Chocholoušová Havlíková, Lucie (referee)
This rigorous thesis deals with modification of method for separation carotenoids lutein, betacarotene and zeaxanthin borrowed from diploma thesis (Optimization of chromatographic conditions for HPLC determination of chosen carotenoids, Petra Dvořáková, 2009). HPLC with VIS detection is the basic method. This method was modified by gradient elution for compressed time of analysis. Four ways of gradient elution were tested during optimization of new procedure. The second aim of this rigorous thesis is summary of extraction ways for carotenoids published in special literature and proposition of extraction procedures for carotenoids from dietary products. Extraction with organic solvents was used during searching for optimal way for extraction. Simple extraction with organic solvent was tested as basic method, but extraction with previous modification of sample (saponification or acidification of extraction medium) was tested too. In spite of testing of many various ways for extraction and many various organic solvents, there wasn't find optimal and universal extraction way.
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Adhesive Properties of Branched Oligoesters Plasticized with Triethyl Citrate and Drug Release from These Carriers
Dvořáková, Petra ; Šnejdrová, Eva (advisor) ; Mužíková, Jitka (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Rigorous Thesis Adhesive properties of branched oligoesters plasticized with triethyl citrate and drug release from these carriers Mgr. Petra Dvořáková SUMMARY The aim of this thesis was the study of adhesive properties of branched terpolymers of D,L-lactic acid, glycolic acid and dipentaerythritol, and release of fluconazole and aciclovir from these carriers. All tested carriers were plasticized with 30% of triethyl citrate (TEC). In the theoretical part of this thesis mechanisms of bioadhesion, biological substrates, polymers used in drug delivery systems and mechanisms of drug release are described. In the experimental part adhesivity of plasticized oligoesters was measured. Hydrated mucin isolated from porcine stomach was used as a model substrate for bioadhesion. The rate of adhesivity is the maximal force Fmax [N], which is required for the detachment of tested samples from the substrate. This force was related to the size of the contact surface and expressed in units mN/mm2 . The highest adhesivity was measured in oligoesters labelled 5D and 8D, which had low dynamic viscosity. However, it is impossible to state linear relationship between adhesivity and dynamic viscosity. The release of...
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Chromatography method optimization for HPLC determination of carotenoids.
Dvořáková, Petra ; Šatínský, Dalibor (advisor) ; Solich, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with searching for optimal conditions for determination of carotenoids lutein, betacarotene and zeaxanthin. High performance liquid chromatography - HPLC was used for determination. During searching for optimal conditions many various columns and mobile phases were tested. Primary information about carotenoids separation was obtained from scientific literature. There were tested both types of chromatography - normal phases chromatography and reversed phases chromatography. The most frequently tested columns were C18 columns from different producers. The biggest problem for HPLC determination and separation of these three substance were position isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin. Separation of these substances is relatively difficult and it wasn't completely solved in this thesis. In spite of it new metod for determination and separation of three carotenoids was developed. This method used isocratic elution at column Zorbax SB C18 (50 x 4,6 mm, 2 μm), UV detection at 450 nm, mobile phase of methylene chloride:hexan:acetonitrile (2,5:2,5:95), injected volume 1 μl and flow rate at 1 ml/min.
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Domestic violence and its prevention
Dvořáková, Petra ; Zapletal, Josef (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Domestic violence as a negative social phenomenon of our society has started to be considered as a serious topic in the Czech Republic in the last few years. It has started to be discussed in public in the 90's. Before, it was considered as a private matter not supposed to be governed by the law or any other state regulations. The aim of this thesis is to describe domestic violence in the light of criminological aspects of this topic. It is focused on concept and definitions of domestic violence, its phenomenology and etiology. Attention is paid to the victim of domestic violence, influence of domestic violence on her psyche and behavior, consequences of domestic violence and relationship between the victim and the aggressor. At least but not last there is mentioned a prevention of domestic violence and efficient help offered to victims. There are many definitions of domestic violence and we cannot say that only one is correct. Domestic violence is very comprehensive and a complicated phenomenon so it is not possible to assign only one definition as generally valid. However, it has some typical features: domestic violence differs from other violent acts in the existence of intimate relationship between aggressor and his victim, it happens in privacy and mostly without witnesses, it happens...
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The Changing Understanding of the Role of Free Will in the History of Ethics
Dvořáková, Petra ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
Cílem této práce bylo ukázat, že v dějinách etiky dochází k proměnám pojetí lidské svobody. Z myšlenek třech významných filosofů vyplývají podobná stanoviska na rozumovou schopnost člověka, která přináší do našeho života další motivy pro jednání. Umožňuje reflexi, zhodnocení vlastního jednání a smýšlení podle představ dobrého a zlého, podle nejen subjektivních, ale i objektivních měřítek zdaru lidského života. Svoboda v podobě lidské vůle a rozum k sobě přistupují různě. Aristoteles dochází k požadavku na člověka, který vůli říká, že má být altruistická, projevovat se v mravném jednání, které je prospěšné pro společnost. Ostatně Aristotelovou základní charakteristikou člověka je, že je určen pro život s ostatními lidmi, takže má uskutečňovat dobro v jejich zájmu, které je také jeho zájmem. Jde o rozumový motiv, kdy jedinec posuzuje své jednání, každý konkrétní čin proto, aby výsledek byl optimální pro něho i pro ostatní
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Training and education of disabled people on section of population protection issue creation of educational materials
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Petra
This Bacherol thesis deals with the topic of education and training disabled people in the population protection division. The aim of the thesis is to assess the present state of education and training of the disabled children, pupils and students in the population protection division in the Highland region and to propose and create appropriate educational materials for several types of disabilities corresponding to these disabilities. The theoretical part described the development in the population protection division in The Czech Republic, there was done a research of the legal standards connected with the population protection. A very large part deals with the educational system of the Czech republic. In this part were described specific types of disabilities including the ways of education these disabled persons. The other part of the work deals with the preventive educational activities of The firebrigade of the Czech republic, the support of education connected with "Population protection division in emergencies" from The firebrigade of the Czech republic. Special attention was paid to preventive educational activities of The firebrigade of the Highland region. In the research part there was described methodology of the research. The information needed was collected through the form of PAPI Paper and Pen Interviewing at the firebrigades of the regions and through the survey at headmasters and teachers in Special Schools in the Highland region. It was a qualitative research at the firebrigades and a quantitative research at the headmasters and teachers in Special Schools. The interviews in PAPI form at the firebrigades included 10 questions. The aim of them was to examine whether there are the preventive educational activities in Kindergartens, primary and secondary schools for children, pupils and students with special needs. A part of the interview dealed with dispositions of the aids for blind, deaf and mentally handicaped persons. The questionnaire for the headmasters of special schools included 17 questions related to basic information about the school, some questions reflected the amount of hours devoted to education of the problematics of "Population protection division in emergencies" and the right amount of aids for education of this problematics, also the right amount of aids for disabled persons mainly the blind, deaf and mentally handicaped persons. There were questions covering the special training of the teachers working with the problematisc of "Population protection division in emergencies", moreover the questions dealing with the practical training, preventive educational activities and making excursions in stations of The firebrigade of the Highland region. The questionnaire for the teachers of special schools included 22 questions related to basic information about the answerers. Part I included reflection, there were questions asking about education of the teachers in the problematics of "Population protection division in emergencies". Part II included education of children, pupils and students, the questions included the range of teaching this problematics, the method used for this, the other questions dealed with the right amount of aids especially for the disabled blind, deaf and mentally disabled persons. This thesis gives preview on the problematics of "Population protection division in emergencies" and opinions of the teachers. This Bacherol thesis shows the insufficiency in education and training for disabled children, pupils and students in the protection division in the Highland region. The results show mainly the insufficiency of aids for the blind, deaf and mentally disabled persons. The part of this thesis is also the suggestion for making adequate educational materials for these disabilities. The results of this thesis, especially the suggestions for making educational materials, could be used as educational material for education and training for the disabled persons.
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The Use of Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Drug Residues
Dvořáková, Petra ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Sokol, Jozef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work is based on the occurrence of drug residues in the environment. This study is focused on the development and optimization methods for determination of selected drugs in the surface water, aquatic sediment and sewage sludge from waste water treatment plant. From the group of drugs were chosen antibiotics. Antibiotics presented in the environment can cause adverse effects including toxic effects, immunity disorders and indirect bioalteration effects. Sulfonamide antibiotics, which are used in the treatment of urinary and respiratory tract infections as well as in the treatment of other infectious diseases, were chosen as a target compounds. Three optimized analytical methods for determination of sulfonamide antibiotics were developed. For the optimization of extraction were tested: solid phase extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction. For the final analysis was used liquid chromatography with two detectors - diode array detector and mass spectrometer. These optimized methods were applied for the analysis of real samples. The surface water and sediment samples were collected from two Moravian rivers (the Svratka river and the Svitava river). Samples of sewage sludge were collected from waste water treatment plant Brno-Modřice. Fish samples from the Svratka river were also collected. It was observed that all the selected sulfonamide antibiotics are present in real sediment samples (ug.kg-1). Simultaneously presence of some target analytes in real surface water (ug.l-1) and in sewage sludge (ug.kg-1) samples has been confirmed. In samples of surface water from the Svitava river and in fish samples sulfonamide antibiotics were not detected or their concentrations were below the limit of detection.
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Monitoring of sulfonamides in wastewater from sewage treatment plants with different treatment technologies
Chaloupková, Petra ; Dvořáková, Petra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to determine the presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater from several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with different number of equivalent persons and different treatment technologies. Five sulfonamides were chosen for a determination due to their wide usage in human and veterinary medicine practice. The specific compounds are sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole a sulfamethoxazole. For the determination of those sulfonamides, an UHPLC/DAD analytical method was chosen and optimized. There was also a need for optimization of SPE extraction method, especially a sample volume optimization. 250 mL was chosen as an ideal volume of wastewater sample for SPE. The optimized method was used for determination of sulfonamides in real wastewater samples from WWTP in Podivín, Pohořelice, Hustopeče, Valtice, Lednice and Mikulov. Average concentrations of pharmaceuticals in influent and effluent wastewater samples were in a range of 0,1 – 1 µg/l. The concentration of sulfonamides was mostly found higher in influent samples and lower in effluent samples. It can be said that a partial recovery of sulfonamides on WWTPs was observed.
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Assessment of contamination of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant by drug residuals
Dvořáková, Petra ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The aim of diploma thesis was finding of the method for the determination of drug residua in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant. Selected sulfonamide and diaminopyrimidine antibiotics, which are used in human and veterinary medicine, were selected as target comopounds. They are discharged to the sewer systems together with the urine and faeces and enter the sewage treatment plant, where they are not completely removed. They can be found in treated waste water or in sewage sludge. They can enter to the environment, where they can induce negative effects on organisms in soil and water ecosystem. An optimized method was used for identification and determination of these antibiotics in real samples from the large-scale waste water treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and from the waste water treatment plant situated in the area of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University Brno. Antibiotics were extracted from sewage sludge by ultrasonic and by pressure solvent extraction (PSE). Waste water and sewage sludge real samples were concentrated and cleaned by solid phase extraction (SPE). For determination these antibiotics high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC - DAD) was used.
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