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Palingenesis - the restoration of everything? (Matthew 19,28)
Dus, Jan A
In Matthew’s version of Jesus’ promise (Matthew 19:28–30), in contrast to Mark and Luke, there is no explicit mention of the present time, the restitution of all that the followers of Jesus left behind is thus pushed forward to the future, in which they will take over the reigns with the Son of Man. The promise features the rare term “palingenesis”, whose precise temporal and factual determination cannot be deduced from the sentence itself. While in Mt 19:28 palingenesis is, according to the prevailing interpretation, a synonym for the future restoration of the universe, in Tit 3:5 (the only other occurrence in the NT) the same word refers to the rebirth of some people that took place in the past (at baptism). Even non-biblical literature does not provide a clear precedent - palingenesis tends to be set both in the past and in the future, it concerns both the world and individuals or groups (Israel). – The syntax and punctuation of the Greek sentence show that both interpretations are equally possible: palingenesis can be related either (A) to the following verbal form “sitting (the Son of Man on the throne)”, i.e. to the future, or (B) to the preceding verbal form “following (disciples behind Jesus)”, i.e. into the past, in addition, there is a third, open option (C). In the 16th-century Greek, Latin, and Czech versions, all possibilities are represented: Erasmus punctuates the Vulgate differently (B), Beza first respects the Vulgate (A), but in his Annotations he considers the second solution (B), in the fourth and fifth editions he finally leaves the matter open (C), two Czech translations from the first half of the 16th century (Náměšť 1533, Melantrich 1556/57) hesitate in the dilemma between the Vulgate and Erasmus (C), most Brethren translations starting with Blahoslav (1564) deviate from the Vulgate (B), only the Six-Volume Kralice Bible from 1593/94 (“Kralická Šestidílka”) hesitates (C), in “Kralická Šestidílka” and in the Kralice New Testament from 1601 the Brethren pay equal attention to both interpretations in a rather extensive note, which, for its balance, is a nice proof of intellectual openness and tolerance. Like Beza, the Brethren add a new aspect to interpretation (B): palingenesis can mean the renewal of the whole world thanks to the Gospel and the first coming of the Messiah. – Considering the dynamic development in the 16th century, it is surprising that all ten tracked Czech translations from around the 20th century agree on only one variant (A). Option (B) seems to be in danger of unfair oblivion. Therefore, in conclusion, we allow ourselves to propose a new, somewhat looser translation or paraphrase of verse Mt 19:28 in the spirit of Kralice: “Amen, I say to you, it was you who followed me when I came to renew the world with the gospel, and when the Son of Man sits on the throne of his glory, it will be you again who will sit on twelve thrones and judge the twelve tribes of Israel.”
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Margaret More Roper: an English Woman in Reformation Period
Kadlecová, Kristýna ; Morée, Pieter Cornelis Adrianus (advisor) ; Dus, Jan Amos (referee)
This diploma thesis "Margaret More Roper: an English Woman in Reformation Period" deals with the English reformation during the reign of Henry VIII and with the English woman Margaret More Roper, who lived during that time and who was the pioneer of humanistic educated women in England and one of the first well educated woman in Europe. I set her life and work into the context of Renaissance, Humanism and English reformation. Also I give attention into her only survived work, a translation of Erasmus' commentary on Lord's prayer. Within this thesis I deal with another educated woman who lived in 16th century. Her name is Katharina Schütz Zell and she is an author of the commentary on Lord's prayer. Keywords Margaret More Roper - Thomas More - Humanism and Renaissance - Females' Status and Education in 16th century - Henry VIII and English Reformation - Katharina Schütz Zell - Commentaries on Lord's Prayer
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Interpretation of the Life of Moses according to Gregory of Nyssa and Its Inspiration by the Thought of Philo of Alexandria.
Dudziková, Markéta ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Dus, Jan (referee) ; Panczová, Helena (referee)
Interpretation of the Life of Moses according to Gregory of Nyssa and Its Inspiration by the Thought of Philo of Alexandria Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 BC - c. 40 CE) and his allegorical interpretation of the Bible (especially the Pentateuch) had a strong influence on early Christian writers including Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335 - c. 395 CE). It is obvious that Gregory was inspired by Philo judging from the fact that Gregory's treatise The Life of Moses (De vita Moysis) has the same name and a partly similar topic as one of Philo's writings. For Gregory, Moses is an ideal example of perfect virtue which consists in a continual progression toward the Good. The main topic of the thesis is Philo's influence on Gregory's interpretation of Moses. The work discusses the following issues in the thought of both authors: the treatise De vita Moysis, the person of Moses, exegetical principles, perfection that could be demonstrated on the life of a good person, the question of knowledge and unknowability of God and the mediation between God and men. Since Gregory's reception of Philo was influenced by Origen of Alexandria, Origen's biblical exegesis and exegetical theory are also briefly presented. In the centre of the thesis, there are those questions: In what way was Gregory's concept of perfect virtue inspired by the...
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Sibylline Oracles I-II and VI-VIII, Questions of Bartholomew, New Testament Apocrypha in Czech Translation.
Dus, Jan A. ; Pokorný, Petr (advisor) ; Roskovec, Jan (referee) ; Radová, Irena (referee)
Die Arbeit ist durch das Projekt des Zentrums für die biblischen Studien (Prag) "Neutestamentliche Apokryphen in der tschechischen Übersetzung" inspiriert (Übersicht von den übersetzten Schriften: E.4). In der terminologischen Einleitung (A.1) plädiert der Autor für die Erhaltung der konservativen Bezeichnung "neutestamentliche Apokryphen" (Schneemelcher) und gegen die Einführung von den "christlichen Apokryphen" (Junod, Markschies). Nach einigen Anmerkungen über die Problematik der Übersetzung von den antiken Texten (A.2) werden sechs charakteristische Erscheinungen von den Apokryphen behandelt (B) und jeweils an einer apokryphen Schrift illustriert: Textgestaltung ("der heilige Volk" in den Oracula Sibyllina I: B1); Komposition (Pseudo-Phocylides in den Oracula Sibyllina II: B2); biblische Parallelen ("der Gegner" in den Fragen des Bartholomäus: B3); alt- und neutestamentliche Anschlüsse ("Buße vor dem Tod" in der Apokalypse des Sedrach: B4); biblische und liturgische Zusammenhänge ("Eucharistie" in den Thomasakten: B5); theologische Verschiebungen hinter den Textveränderungen ("Fürbitte für die gestorbenen Sünder" in der Apokalypse des Petrus: B6). In dem folgenden Teil (C) befinden sich die zu-ständigen Textstücke in der tschechischen Übersetzung und mit Kommentar; es handelt sich dabei in zwei Fällen...
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History of Czech Biblical Translation 1620-1808
Heller, Jan ; Rejchrtová, Noemi (advisor) ; Dus, Jan (referee)
This graduation thesis provides an outline of Czech Biblical translation since the battle of Bílá hora (1620) till the second edition of the Bible of Pressburg. It explores the historical background of the translations and analyzes selected grammatical and lexical phenomena from the translatological point of view. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Old Testament Conotations of Sermon on the Mount (according to Matthew)
Cejp, Tomáš ; Mrázek, Jiří (advisor) ; Dus, Jan (referee)
A thesis on "New Testament" Theology is aimed to search for the continuity with "Old Testament". A subject of the thesis is so called Sermon on the Mount which is recorded in Matthew 5-7. First, it was necessary to clarify what was considered as a Bible at the time of so called "New Testament" era since canonisation of scripture was not fixed by the Jewish authorities yet. Though, a written version of some of the books was already approved, there was a difference between the text of the Bible which was valid for the Jews living in Palestine and the one which was valid for the Greek speaking Jews in Diaspora. The Bible (also known by the acronym Tanakh) was composed by Torah (five books of Moses), Nevi'im (Prophets), and Ktuvim (Writings). For a sake of the thesis it was important to try to identify how was the Bible perceived by Jesus himself and then, to compare his perceiving with what we understand as an "Old Testament" today. Jesus's teaching - which we learned from the gospells - refered also as a rabbinic teaching to "oral Torah" and to the other sources as well. Several commentaries of Czech, non-Czech and also some Jewish schollars were used for analysis and were combined with a comparative study of "Sermon on the Mount" and Christian "Old Testament" by its content and its language. It has been...
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God's Image in Gregory of Nyssa
Marunová, Magdalena ; Karfík, Filip (advisor) ; Bartoň, Josef (referee) ; Dus, Jan (referee)
The aim of this work is to introduce Gregory of Nyssa's doctrine of man as the image of God, based especially on his work Περ κατασκευ ς νθρώπουὶ ῆ ἀ (De hominis opificio). In his work Gregory created quite a systematic anthropological treatise based on Stoic sources, Biblical interpretations inspired by Philo of Alexandria and Origen, as well as on ancient medicine. In contrast to the ancient philosophical school views concerning human being, Gregory refuses the parallel of man as a small world and says that the dignity of man consists not in being similar to the created world, but to the Creator. There are many attributes that constitute human similarity to God, but especially due to the incomprehensibility man is the image of God. The incomprehensibility consists in human mind (νο ςῦ ) in which the human likeness to God can most apparently be recognized. It cannot be placed anywhere in the body and the connection between mind and body is, according to Gregory, unspeakable: the mind does not reside in any particular part of the body, but yet it acts in and is influenced by the whole body. The image of God is the whole mankind, from the first up to the last created human being. When the planned number of souls is completed, the time and everything that happens in time will come to an end. In the...
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Christ's descent into hell
Eder, Pavel ; Mrázek, Jiří (advisor) ; Dus, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis Descent of Christ into Hell: Exegesis of 1 Peter 3:18-22 aims to provide an interpretation of a passage of the First Epistle of Peter, part of the New Testament text considered to be a pericope problematic for interpretation. The first part of the thesis presents a brief overview of the First Epistle of Peter in its entirety. Thus, it focuses on the problem of author- ship and closely related dating. It also examines the recipients, the literary form, and the structure of the letter. The second part of the work deals with the passage 3:18-22 which is sometimes called Christ's Descent into Hell. Based on a translation of the original Greek text, of which it also makes its own textual criticism, the thesis aims to examine the original meaning of the text using specialized diachronic and synchronous exegetical methods.
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A tresury in The New Testament
Rampich-Hamariová, Juliana ; Mrázek, Jiří (advisor) ; Dus, Jan (referee)
The thesis summarizes conclusions of exegetical studies of all fourteen texts containing a word "treasury" (thesauros) according to concordance of the Greek New Testament, and furthermore in three instances substitutes for treasury, using lingual and textual analysis and accessible Czech and foreign language commentaries. As far as other terms are concerned, a term "talent/mina" is used in the Gospel of Mathew and Luke in The parable of the talent/minas, where "talent/mina" fulfills all internal and external attributes for "treasury". In the Gospel of John, where we find no term "treasury", there is chosen "ointment" in the story of Anointing in Bethany for its symbolic meaning and relation to the Easter, where John's version is compared with description of the story in the synoptic gospels. Classifying of concluding interpretational frames of all seventeen texts, we get several fundamental models characterizing the role of "treasury" in the New Testament from the point of view of substance, allegory, symbolism or connotation. The treasury is the image of something precious, strange to the world, something we have a very small experience with, because we usually have not opportunity to be confronted with it. Therefore we need to be led by the values, we have accepted by feeling of Holy Spirit as ours. The...
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Reflection of paganism by Minucius Felix and his predecessors
Říhová, Ladislava ; Mrázek, Jiří (advisor) ; Dus, Jan Amos (referee) ; Fialová, Radka (referee)
Reflection of paganism by Minucius Felix and his predecessors The main topic of the work is the analysis of the theological horizon of the lesser-known Christian apologist Marcus Minucius Felix. His only surviving work, the dialogue Octavius, represents a completely unique type of argument in favor of the Christian religion in the pagan world, based on philosophy. In addition to the translation and analysis of the text itself, the thesis deals with the characteristics of the author himself, his literary intention, setting in the context of the apologetic literature (in this respect, the research was primarily shaped by the dispute over primacy in the field of Latin apologetics between Minucius and Tertullian). The theological analysis is not possible without a content analysis of both the text itself and the historical and cultural context. The author's own translation, presented in the form of Latin-Czech bilingua, is supplemented, in addition to brief explanatory notes, by a study with a theologically focused analysis, which is still lacking in Czech. The following are discussed: Minucius' relation to the majority church, reasons for a specific attitude to the Scripture, relation to the Roman religion and cult, relation to Judaism, attitude to philosophy, the author's theological emphasis and his...
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