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Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Patient characteristics and reliability of the scoring systems
Bartoš, Hynek ; Džupová, Olga (advisor) ; Kieslichová, Eva (referee) ; Rožnovský, Luděk (referee)
Introduction: Even in the 21st century, pneumonia represents a serious medical problem with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of the clinical study was to describe the group of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the applied scoring systems. Methods: A prospective multicenter observational study was carried out in the period 1/9/2017 - 1/7/2021 in three Czech ICU. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring ICU admission within 48 hours of hospital admission were included in the study. Anamnestic data, clinical manifestations, etiological agent, antibiotic treatment, applied intensive care methods and treatment outcomes were recorded. A total of ten scoring systems were applied to describe the clinical severity of pneumonia and their reliability was evaluated in terms of predicting mortality and the need for intensive care. Due to the current covid-19 pandemic, patients with coronavirus infection were also included in the study; for analysis, the patients were divided into two groups - covid and non-covid. Results: A total of 315 patients, 68.3% men and 31.7% women, with the age range of 18-88 years and an average age of 61.1 ± 14.1 years, were included in the study. Fifty-nine percent of patients had at least one serious comorbidity,...
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Epidemiological study of adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis
Svrčinová, Lenka ; Džupová, Olga (advisor)
Aim of the study: To find out the basic epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute bacterial meningitis, as well as treatment, complications, consequences and causes of death and then to evaluate the possible preventive measures. Material and methods: Adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis of community or hospital origin treated at the selected infectious diseases department were included in a longitudinal observational study. Demographic and anamnestic data, informations about the course, treatment, complications and consequences of the disease were retrospectively obtained from medical records. Results: From 2006-2008, 91 adult patiens (51 men, 40 women) aged 17 to 84 years with a median of 54 years were hospitalized. Nosocomial meningitis occurred in 2 cases. Predisposing disease or internal comorbidity were present in 74 % of patients. The triad of fever, meningism and changed mental status was present in 53 % of patients. All laboratory signs of purulent inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid were found in 59 % of patients. The three most common pathogens were S. pneumoniae (37 %), N. meningitidis (16 %) and L. monoňcytogenes (13 %). Two thirds of patients survived the disease without serious consequences, one third of patients either survived with serious consequences...
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Novel treatment modalities for pelvic floor dysfunction
Macková, Kateřina ; Krofta, Ladislav (advisor) ; Džupová, Olga (referee) ; Čelko, Alexander (referee)
We aimed to test selected novel treatment modalities for pelvic floor dysfunctions and genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Both conditions are common in female, they negatively affect their quality of life, and current treatment options are not optimal. We started our research with an extensive literature search. First, we summarized the information on animal models for, and the utility they may have in the investigation of the pathophysiology of POP and novel therapies. We systematically searched 7426 articles from which 51 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. From all screened animals, only the non-human primate develops POP spontaneously, however their use is controversial. We concluded that many studies have methodological shortcomings and lack standardization in reporting outcomes. Also, several other animals can be used as a model of surgery for POP, each of them with different purposes. For our later research we chose the rat model to simulate POP repair with synthetic mesh. We also systematically reviewed the literature on the objective effects of non-ablative Er:YAG LASER on the skin and vaginal wall. We identified 7187 articles of which we included 15 in our review, including four that tested Er:YAG LASER on vaginal tissue. Er:YAG LASER energy induces measurable changes in the deeper skin...
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Prognostic indicators of risk of death and the consequences of purulent meningitis
Džupová, Olga ; Janovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Křížová, Pavla (referee) ; Marešová, Vilma (referee) ; Dostál, Václav (referee)
Purulent meningitis is a life-threatening acute infectious disease of the central nervous system. In preantibiotics period was almost one hundred percent fatality rate of disease, with the discovery of antibiotics and their introduction into medical practice in 30th-50th of the last century has decreased dramatically. In recent decades, despite the use of highly effective antibiotics and intensive care procedures, there was no significant reduction in mortality rate and consequences of the disease. Lethal course of the disease affects 15-30% of patients in adulthood. Although not a common infection diagnosis among the top ten infectious causes of death worldwide. The study was based on evaluation of their own group of patients to determine prognostic factors observed history, course of illness and laboratory characteristics of the clinical outcome of disease in adults.
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A Comparison of Motivation of the Most Frequent Czech and Swedish Surnames Origin
Džupová, Olga ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Harvalík, Milan (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of motivation and language motivation of Czech and Swedish surnames. In the theoretical part, the current situation and developement of surnames are described and motivation types of bynames which later formed surnames are defined. The practical part of the thesis introduces the method, hypothesis and results of research which was focused on dividing 500 of the most frequent Czech and Swedish surnames into groups according to motivation and language motivation. The most common among Czech surnames are those created from first names and those consisting of nature elements; the most numerous groups among Swedish surnames are composite burgher surnames with natural motifs and patronymical surnames.
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Relation between graphemes and colours in native speakers of Czech
Džupová, Olga ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, synaesthesia is described and previous research in grapheme-colour synaesthesia is analyzed. The second part introduces an experiment on Czech synaesthetes which is a replication of an experiment described by Julia Simner et al. in Non-random associations of graphemes to colours in synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic populations. The third part is concerned with an interpretation of acquired results and comparison of these results with data from English speaking synaesthetes.
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Prognostic indicators of risk of death and the consequences of purulent meningitis
Džupová, Olga ; Janovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Křížová, Pavla (referee) ; Marešová, Vilma (referee) ; Dostál, Václav (referee)
Purulent meningitis is a life-threatening acute infectious disease of the central nervous system. In preantibiotics period was almost one hundred percent fatality rate of disease, with the discovery of antibiotics and their introduction into medical practice in 30th-50th of the last century has decreased dramatically. In recent decades, despite the use of highly effective antibiotics and intensive care procedures, there was no significant reduction in mortality rate and consequences of the disease. Lethal course of the disease affects 15-30% of patients in adulthood. Although not a common infection diagnosis among the top ten infectious causes of death worldwide. The study was based on evaluation of their own group of patients to determine prognostic factors observed history, course of illness and laboratory characteristics of the clinical outcome of disease in adults.
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Epidemiological study of adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis
Svrčinová, Lenka ; Džupová, Olga (advisor)
Aim of the study: To find out the basic epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute bacterial meningitis, as well as treatment, complications, consequences and causes of death and then to evaluate the possible preventive measures. Material and methods: Adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis of community or hospital origin treated at the selected infectious diseases department were included in a longitudinal observational study. Demographic and anamnestic data, informations about the course, treatment, complications and consequences of the disease were retrospectively obtained from medical records. Results: From 2006-2008, 91 adult patiens (51 men, 40 women) aged 17 to 84 years with a median of 54 years were hospitalized. Nosocomial meningitis occurred in 2 cases. Predisposing disease or internal comorbidity were present in 74 % of patients. The triad of fever, meningism and changed mental status was present in 53 % of patients. All laboratory signs of purulent inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid were found in 59 % of patients. The three most common pathogens were S. pneumoniae (37 %), N. meningitidis (16 %) and L. monoňcytogenes (13 %). Two thirds of patients survived the disease without serious consequences, one third of patients either survived with serious consequences...
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